CHAPTER 2

PART 3 : STORAGE AND

DATA REPRESENTATION

1
➢ Case that contains
electronic
components of the
computer used
to process data
▪ Sometimes
called
the chassis

Next
 What are common components inside the
system unit?

➢ Processor
➢ Memory
➢ Adapter cards
▪ Sound card
▪ Video card
➢ Drive bays
➢ Power supply

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➢ Main circuit
board of the
system unit
➢ Contains
expansion slots,
processor chips,
and memory
slots
➢ Also called
system board
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What is the central processing unit (CPU)?
➢Interprets and carries Processor
out basic instructions Control
Control Arithmetic
Arithmetic
Unit Logic
Logic Unit
Unit (ALU)
that operate a computer Unit (ALU)

▪ Control unit directs and Instructions

coordinates operations in Data
computer Information

▪ Arithmetic logic unit

(ALU) performs Input Output
Devices
Data Memory Information
Devices
arithmetic, comparison,
and logical operations
Instructions
➢Also called the processor Data
Information

Storage
Devices
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➢ Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
➢ Storage medium is physical material used for storage
▪ Also called secondary storage

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What is capacity?
➢ Number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold
Kilobyte (KB) 1 thousand
Megabyte (MB) 1 million
Gigabyte (GB) 1 billion
Terabyte (TB) 1 trillion
Petabyte (PB) 1 quadrillion
Exabyte (EB) 1 quintillion
Zettabyte (ZB) 1 sextillion
Yottabyte (YB) 1 septillion
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 How does volatility compare?
➢ Storage medium is nonvolatile—contents retained when
power is off
➢ Memory is volatile—holds data and instructions temporarily
ON OFF

Screen Display Display Display

Volatile

appears disappears

Memory Data and Data and

(most RAM) instructions instructions erased
(chips on motherboard) available to user
Nonvolatile

Storage Medium Contents Contents

(hard disks, CDs, DVDs, available to user retained
USB flash drives, etc.)

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What is a storage device?

Hardware that
Reading records and Writing
Process of transferring
retrieves items Process of transferring
items from storage to and from items from memory
media to memory storage media to storage media

Functions as source Creates output

of input

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What is a hard disk?

➢ High-capacity
storage
➢ Consists of several
inflexible, circular
platters that store
items electronically

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What is a miniature hard disk?
➢ Provide greater storage
capacities than flash
memory
➢ Smaller than notebook
computer hard disks
➢ A pocket hard drive is a self-
contained unit

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What are external hard disks and removable hard disks?
➢ Used to back up or transfer files
External hard disk— Removable hard disk—
freestanding hard disk
hard disk that connects to that you insert and remove
system unit from hard disk drive

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 What is online storage?
➢ Service on Web that
provides storage for
minimal monthly fee
➢ Files can be accessed
from any computer
with Web access
➢ Large files can be
downloaded
instantaneously
➢ Others can be
authorized to access
your data Next
What is a floppy
disk?
➢ Portable,
inexpensive
storage
medium (also
called diskette)

Next
➢ Flat, round, Push button to
slide out tray
portable metal
discs made of
metal, plastic,
and lacquer Insert disc
➢ Can be read only
or read/write
Push same button
➢ Most PCs to close tray

include an
optical disc drive
Next
How should you care for an optical disc?

Next
What is a CD-ROM?
➢ Compact disc read-only memory
➢ Cannot erase or modify contents
➢ Typically holds 650 MB to 1 GB
➢ Commonly used to distribute multimedia and complex
software

Next
What are CD-Rs and CD-RWs? Must have
CD recorder
or CD-R drive

CD-R (compact disc-recordable)

— disc you can write on once
c

Cannot erase
disc’s contents
CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable)
— erasable disc you can write on
ce

multiple times
Must have
CD-RW software
and CD-RW drive

Next
What is a DVD-ROM (digital
versatile disc-ROM or digital video
disc-ROM)?
➢ Must have DVD-ROM
drive or DVD player to
read DVD-ROM
➢ Stores databases,
music, complex
software, and movies
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➢ Adds capabilities to
computer

➢ Credit-card-sized
device commonly
used in notebook
computers

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➢ Storage for small
mobile devices
➢ Allow mobile users
easily to transport
digital images, music,
or documents to and
from computers and
other devices.
➢ Three types : flash
memory card, USB
flash drives, and
smart card.

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What are common types of flash memory cards?

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What is a USB Flash Drive?
➢ Plugs in a USB port on a computer or mobile
device
➢ Storage capacities up to 64 GB

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What is a smart card?

➢ Stores data on
microprocessor
embedded in small
card
➢ Input, process,
output, and storage
capabilities
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 How do computers represent data?
➢ Most computers are digital ▪ Recognize only two
discrete states: on or
off
▪ Use a binary system
to recognize two
states
▪ Use Number system
with two unique
digits: 0 and 1, called
bits (short for binary
digits) Next
What is a byte?
➢ Eight bits grouped together as a unit
➢ Provides enough different combinations of 0s and 1s
to represent 256 individual characters
▪ Numbers
▪ Uppercase
and lowercase
letters
▪ Punctuation
marks
▪ Other

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What are three popular coding systems to represent
data?
➢ ASCII—American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
➢ EBCDIC—Extended Binary Coded Decimal
Interchange Code
➢ Unicode—coding scheme capable of representing all
world’s languages
ASCII Symbol EBCDIC
00110000 0 11110000
00110001 1 11110001
00110010 2 11110010
00110011 3 11110011
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 How is a letter converted to binary form and back?
Step 1.
The user presses Step 2.
the capital letter T An electronic signal for the
(SHIFT+T key) on capital letter T is sent to the
the keyboard. system unit.

Step 3.
Step 4. The system unit converts the
After processing, the binary scan code for the capital letter T
code for the capital letter T is to its ASCII binary code
converted to an image, and (01010100) and stores it in
displayed on the output device. memory for processing.

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