Mulungushi University

School of Science Engineering and Technology

CHE 221 – Introduction to Analytical Chemistry

Douglas Lubaba
dlubaba@mu.ac.zm
0976667924
About the Course

• The course introduce the student to fundamental concepts of analytical

chemistry, with particular emphasis on solution chemistry as it relates to
qualitative and quantitative analysis.
• Further the course explore the principal equilibria (both homogeneous and
heterogeneous) and redox reactions that are used to establish essential
relationships as used in analytical chemistry.
1. Overview of the Analytical process
• General steps in a chemical Analysis; Fields of application of Analytical
Chemistry; Types of analyses: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis,
Classification of Analyses; Key Elements of Analytical Chemistry
2.Expression of Concentration and Content in analyses
• Percent weight-by Weight, Percent volume-by volume, percent weight by
volume, Parts Per Thousand (ppt) Parts per Million (ppm).Density and
Specific Gravity; Formality and its relation to Molarity and Molality.
Equivalent weights and Normality
3.Sampling of Different Sample Types
• Gas, liquid, solid and bulk samples. Sample preparation including-
dissolution, separation etc. ; Statistics of sampling.

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 CHE 221 Course Syllabus

4.Statistical Treatment of Analytical Data

Some measures of accuracy and precision, types of errors (random and non
random).Significance tests (Q, F and t-tests).
Calibration curves, Linear Regression and Least Squares, Correlation
coefficients; Analytical Method Validation and Quality Assurance
5.Acid- base Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions
• Theories on Acidity-Arrhenius, Bronsted and Lowry.Salts of Weak Acids and
Bases.Hydrolysis.Buffer Solutions and Buffer Capacity.Buffers for Biological
and Clinical measurements.Applications of acid-base titrations.Titrations of
amino acids.Kjedahl analysis-protein determination.Polyprotic acid-base
Equilbria.Titrations involving EDTA.Volumetric analysis.
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 6. Precipitation Equilibria
• Solubility and solubility product. Selective precipitation,
common- ion and diverse ion effects. Precipitation Equilibria in
water. Applications of precipitation reactions in titrimetry.
Indicators used in precipitation titrations. Gravimetric analysis.
7. Multiple Ion Equilbria
Complex ions and compounds; nature, naming and bonding type.
Complexes formation / dissociation equilibria in aqueous media.
Complex stability and instability constants .Chelates, metal-EDTA
complexes. Titrations involving EDTA
8. Redox Reactions
• Oxidation and reduction. Oxidation states and balancing redox
equations. The half-cell concept. Voltaic cells. Electrochemical
cells and electrode potentials. The Nernst equation and its
applications in aqueous media. Redox titrations and redox
titration curves. Applications of redox titrimetry.

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 Assessment

• Continuous Assessment 40%

• Assignments/Quizzes 5%
• Laboratory 15%
• Tests 20%

• Final Theory 60%

• Total 100%
Recommended Text Book
• Christian G.D., Purnendu K. D., Kevin A. S., (2013), Analytical
Chemistry, 6th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, USA. ISBN:
978-81-265-1113-6
• Harris C. Daniel, (2010), Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 8th Ed., Trans-
Atlantic Publications, Incorporated ISBN-13: 978-1429218153
• Miller James, Miller C Jane, (2010) Statistics and Chemometrics for
Analytical Chemistry 6th, Trans-Atlantic Publications, Incorporated, UK.
ISBN-13: 978-0-273-73042-2