ACIDS BASES AND SALTS

WORK SHEET -1
1) Indicators are pigments/dyes which indicate the nature of the substance (acidic, basic or neutral)
by change of colour or odour. They are classified as natural indicators-(organic substances
extracted from plants), synthetic indicators ( chemical substances synthesized in the lab) and
olfactory indicators( organic substances change odour in a different medium)
2) An acid is a substance which releases one or more hydronium ions (H3O+) or H+ in an aqueous
solution. Mineral acid- HCl, HNO3. Organic acid – Methanoic acid (HCOOH), Ethanoic acid
(CH3COOH)
3) A base is a substance which releases one or more hydroxide ions (OH-) in an aqueous solution.
metallic base- Calcium hydroxide, Magnesium hydroxide
Base
nonmetallic base – Ammonium hydroxide
4) A soluble base is called an alkali. Alkali
5) Reaction of acid and bases to form salt and water is called a neutralization reaction.
Equation- Acid + Base → Salt + Water
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
8) Dilution is highly exothermic. To control the heat evolved, acid should be added slowly to water
with constant stirring and cooling underwater. If water is added to a concentrated acid, the
uncontrolled heat generated may cause an explosion
9) Curds and sour substances acids react with Cu and brass to form toxic compounds not fit for
human consumption.
10) Alcohol and glucose do not show such acidic characteristics as they don’t release hydronium ions
in an aqueous solution.
11) Dry HCl gas does not change the colour of dry litmus paper because it gets ionized in an aqueous
solution to release hydronium ions.
12) The metallic salt can be Ca (HCO3)2 or CaCO3
CaCO3 + 2HCl (dil) → CaCl2 + H2 O + CO2
13) Rainwater contains dissolved salts which ionize to conduct electricity.
14) X – Sodium carbonate. Y – Carbon dioxide Z- Calcium carbonate P- Calcium bicarbonate
Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2 O + CO2
Ca (OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3↓(s)+ H2O(l)
CaCO3(s) + H2 O (l) +CO2 (excess) → Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)
15) (a) It can be done by adding a strip of blue litmus paper or any indicator into a tube containing a
small amount of sample water. If the colour changes to red, this means that some acid has gone
into the river. 
(b) The acid has reacted chemically with the drain cover made of iron. The correct word is
corrosion. 
(c) Iron reacts with an acid to evolve H2 gas. Since the gas is released immediately accompanied
by a large number of bubbles or fizzing noticed.
 ACIDS BASES AND SALTS
WORKSHEET -2

1. pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. A scale for measuring hydrogen ion
concentration in a solution is known as a pH scale. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7
is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic.

2. Strength of acids or bases indicates the degree of ionization of a base or an acid.

3. Y is a stronger acid than Y according to the colour indicated on pH paper.

4. Yes, but the concentration of hydronium ion is less than the concentration of hydroxide ion in a
basic solution

5. The oxide of metal is basic in nature as there was no change in the blue litmus solution. If it turns
red, then the metal oxide will be amphoteric in nature.

6. The pH of a cold drink is 5. No change in the red litmus solution and blue litmus will turn red.

7. Increasing Order- A, C, B

8. The milkman adds a very small amount of sodium bicarbonate to fresh milk to make it alkaline
& increase shelf life and prevent curdling of milk. The pH of the fresh milk reduces to 6, so it
takes longer time to set into curd.

9. Put the red litmus paper in each of the three test tubes. The solution which turns the red litmus
paper to blue is basic. Put the blue litmus paper in the remaining two test tubes. The one which
turns it red again is acidic. The test tube which has no effect on either red or blue litmus paper is
distilled water.

10. The pH of aqueous solution of A will be less than distil water and pH of aqueous Solution of B
will be more than distil water.

11. The pH of an acidic solution increases on dilution.

12. 1M Hydrochloric acid solution has a lower pH value than 1M Acetic acid solution because HCl
is a strong acid and completely ionizes in an aqueous solution.
 ACIDS BASES AND SALTS
PREPARATION OF SALTS
Q1) Complete and balance the following equations specifying the conditions:
i. NaCl + NH3 +CO2 + H2O  NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
ii. 2NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O( Heating)
iii. Na2CO3 + 10H2O  Na2CO3.10H2O
iv. Ca(OH)2 + Cl2  CaOCl2 + H2O
v. CaSO4.2H2O  CaSO4.⅟2H2O +1⅟2H2O( Heating at 1000C)
vi. CaSO4. ½H2O + 1½H2O  CaSO4.2H2O
vii. NaCl + H2O  2NaOH + Cl2 + H2 ( Electrolysis)
Q2) The common name of CaOCl2 is bleaching powder. Uses- Disinfecting drinking water,
Bleaching wood pulp in paper industry and bleach fabric in textile industry
Q3) Washing soda is used to remove permanent hardness of water
Q4) Washing soda is prepared from baking soda by heating strongly and crystallizing sodium
carbonate formed
 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
 Na2CO3 + 10 H2O → Na2CO3.10H2O

Q5) The chemical name of plaster of Paris is calcium sulphate hemihydrate. Chemical formula-
CaSO4.⅟2H2O
Q6) Step -1 Passing electricity through a concentrated solution of NaCl to form Cl2 as by product
2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
Step 2 Passing Cl2 gas through slaked lime solution
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O

Q7) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is prepared by passing CO2 through ammoniacal brine solution
NaCl + H2O + NH3 + CO2 → NaHCO3 + NH4Cl

Q8) Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda and tartaric acid. The tartaric acid neutralizes the
bitterness of the basic sodium bicarbonate so is used in the baking industry to make the cake soft
and spongy with a pleasing taste.
NaHCO3 + H+ (from mild acid) → Na+ (sodium salt of acid) + CO2 + H2O

Q9) Plaster of Paris kept in reacts with moisture to form gypsum.

CaSO4.⅟2H2O +1⅟2H2O → CaSO4.2H2O

Q10) a) Baking industry – Releases CO2 on heating which gets trapped in the dough and make
the cake soft and spongy
b) As an ant-acid – Is a mild base which neutralizes the stomach acidity
c) As a soda-acid fire extinguisher- Reacts with sulphuric acid to produce a foam of CO2 &
water.
Q11) When washing soda crystals are exposed to air they lose water of crystallization due to
efflorescence and forms a white powder.
Q12) It is not possible to have half molecule of water. The formula CaSO₄.1/2 H₂O means that
two formula units of CaSO₄ shares one molecule of water between them.
Q13)Compound ‘A’ – Gypsum Compound B -Plaster of Paris
CaSO4.2H2O → CaSO4.⅟2H2O +1⅟2H2O

Q14) B – NaOH. Neutralization reaction occurs when NaOH reacts with nonmetallic oxide to
form salt and water Eg- 2NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O
Chlor alkali process- 2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
Q15) X- Chlorine gas Y- Calcium oxychloride
2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O