Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Herd: fribe
Hocson c. Goose: gaggle
d. Rooster: coop
Verbal analogy 4. Food: hunger
● Spoken/written a. Hope: fear
● To establish the existing relationships of the given terms b. Desire: greed
c. Water: thirst
Plan of attack: d. Transportation: car
1. First word: 2nd word:: 3rd word: 4th word 5. Studio: art (visual art)
Ex: michelangelo: artist:: Shakespeare: poet a. Museum: craft
Proper noun: common noun b. Conservatory: music (performing art)
2. 1st word: 3rd word:: 2nd word: 4th word c. Office: contracts
Ex: Dragon: Kangaroo:: China: Australia d. Laboratory: experiment
3. 1st word: 4th word:: wnd word:: 3rd word 6. Scalpel: incision
Ex: Integers: algebra:: atom: chemistry a. Knife: blade
b. Needle: impertion
Review c. Trowel: plaster
Masculine d. Plow: furrow
● Lad, gentleman 7. Media: news
● Witch a. Home: rule
● Boar b. Government: laws
Feminine c. Legislature: bureau
● Lass, lady d. Library: words
● Wizard 8. Sleeve: arm
● Sow a. Fedora: ankle
b. Ruching: chest
Babies c. Chapeau: head
1. Kangaroo: joey d. Cravat: waist
2. Chicken: chick 9. Words: speech
3. Dog: puppy a. Peeling: orange
4. Cat: kitten b. Leaves: tree
5. Bird: birdling c. Pages: book
d. Potato: skin
Collective nouns 10. Expression: face
1. Geese- gaggle a. Pleasant: smile
2. Flower- bouquet b. Appearance: inside
3. Bees- swarm c. Façade: building
4. Cattle- herd d. Features: look
5. Soldier- Army/batallion 11. Intimate: command (gentle: mandatory)
6. Sheep- flock a. Appease: abate
7. Ants- colony b. Advocate: inspire
8. Ship- fleet c. Suggest: epitomize
9. Stidemts- class of students d. Ameliorate: approve
12. Tortuous: push (literature- lit devices)
Unlocking the mystery of the term: a. Wretched: mise
1. Affix b. Worthless: solution
a. Prefix: Circum (around), pro (for) c. Convoluted: pruse
b. Infixes d. Heinous: crime
c. Suffixes: Ion (process/acts) 13. Rafters: wood
2. Base word/root word a. Cart: harness
a. Vocation: passion, best in you b. Hole: peg
b. Dis/ir: negation c. Walk: cement
3. Le tu li d. Horse: hide
a. 2nd language translated to the 1st language 14. Government: anarchy
4. Noun to verb to adjective to adverb a. Joy: bliss
a. Transformation b. Harmony: dissonance
b. Contend 🡪 contentment c. Honesty: affluence
5. Read a lot d. Sobriety:
15. Downpour: flood
a. Battle: slaughter
Practice b. Drizzle: rain
1. Verse: song (part:whole) c. Harmony: accord
a. Play: drama (synonymous) d. Alteration: discord
b. Rug: carpet
c. Paper: typewriter Practice
d. Bicuspid: teeth 1. Bringing good: beneficial
2. Good news: smiles 2. Lacking shape: amorphous
a. Cheer: health 3. Against decay: antiseptic
b. Worry: frown 4. To sail around the world: circumnavigate
c. Face: expression 5. Referring to an overactive thyroid: hyperthyroid
d. Terror: fright 6. Showing intense hatred: malevolent
3. Fish: school (collective noun) 7. Failure to concur: disagree
a. Chick: hen 8. To predict: fortell
9. Differing from acknowledged standards: heterodox 1. Simile- comparison between 2 items
10. Inserted under the skin: hypodermic a. Uses “as” or “like”
11. To force out: expel b. Eg: The lady is like the lily.
12. Newcomer, beginner: neophyte c. Lily- fragile
13. Words in advance: prediction 2. Metaphor- comparison between 2 items
14. Lengthen in time: prolong a. No “as” or “like”
15. Backward movement: retrogression b. Eg: The man is a lion.
16. To change shape: transform c. Lion- just; co-equals
17. To carry action over to a receiver: transitive 3. Personification- give human attributes to inanimate objects
18. To coordinate time: synchronize a. Eg: The daffodils sway with the wind.
19. Nora Aunor: superstar b. Eg: The sun smiled early.
20. Under the earth: subterranean c. Sway- intended for graceful dancers
4. Onomatopoeia- sound suggests the meaning
Reading comprehension a. Eg: thunderous echo from the mountains
● Building blocks of english b. Thunderous- could be a war/volcanic erruption/avalanche 🡪
● Letters- word- phrase- clause- sentences- paragraph- composition/essay warning to get out of the space
c. Eg: water dripping from the rooftop 🡪 “homesickness” &
5 Macroscales “nostalgia” 🡪 cosmic emulation (?)
1. Listening 5. Alliteration- repetition of consonant sounds; the occurrence of the same
2. Speaking letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. the
3. Teaching alliteration of ‘sweet birds sang’. [ count noun ] : alliterations are clustered
4. Writing in the last few lines.
a. Writer a. Eg: “Ch” pronounced as |k| 🡪 character, charisma
i. Schema/knowledge b. Eg: “Ch” pronounced as |Ts| 🡪 charter, charm, change
ii. Experience c. Eg: “Ch” pronounced as |Sh| 🡪 chateau, chaperone
iii. Lexicon/vocabulary d. Eg: “J” pronounced as |Dz| 🡪 jury, July, jamboree
iv. Semantic/word meaning e. Eg: “Z” pronounced as |zh| 🡪 pleasure, treasure, measure
v. Syntax/sentence structures f. Eg: “s” pronounced as |s| 🡪 sound, sinners, saint
b. Reader g. Know the IPA symbols (International Phonetic Alphabet
i. Schema/knowledge sounds)
ii. Lexicon/vocabulary 6. Assonance- repetition of vowel sounds; resemblance of sound between
iii. Semantic/word meaning syllables of nearby words, arising particularly from the rhyming of two or
iv. Syntax/sentence structures more stressed vowels, but not consonants (e.g. sonnet, porridge), but also
5. Viewing from the use of identical consonants with different vowels (e.g. killed, cold,
culled). The use of assonance throughout the poem creates the sound of
Types of reading despair.
1. Scanning- heading, subheading; start and end of paragraph a. Eg: Long “A” sounds: came, plane, plain, famous
2. Skimming- topic sentence b. Eg: Short “I” sounds: this, sin, fin
a. Expressed/implied 7. Apostrophe- address the dead as if living; an exclamatory passage in a
b. Central idea of the paragraph speech or poem addressed to a person (typically one who is dead or absent)
3. Comprehensive- understanding of text or thing (typically one that is personified)
4. Critical- higher order thinking skills a. Eg: Manuel L. Quezon, look at the Filipino language.
5. Evaluative/judgmental- how will you delegate to make you #1 b. Eg: Jose Rizal, look at the youth of today.
c. Sunset: Dapit hapon/ takip siliw/ sanset
Genres d. Sunrise: Bukang liwayway/ sanrays
1. Narration e. Chapter: Kabanata/ yugto/ tsapter
2. Description- adjectives 8. Hyperbole- exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken
3. Exposition literally.
a. Cause and effect 9. Irony- opposite
b. Comparison and contrast a. The expression of one's meaning by using language that
c. Definition normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or
d. Process- how to do it; how it’s organized; how it happened; emphatic effect: ‘Don't go overboard with the gratitude,’ he
how it workds rejoined with heavy irony.
e. Classification and partition b. State of affairs or an event that seems deliberately contrary to
4. Argumentation- pros and cons; pieces of evidence; w/ a claim what one expects and is often wryly amusing as a result: the
irony is that I thought he could help me | [ count noun ] : one of
Transitional devices/signal words life's little ironies.
1. Addition- And, moreover, furthermore, in addition, then, followed by; not c. (also dramatic or tragic irony)a literary technique, originally
additionally (informal) used in Greek tragedy, by which the full significance of a
2. Contrast- but (at middle), however, nevertheless, on the contrary, in character's words or actions is clear to the audience or reader
contrast, on one hand, on the other hand although unknown to the character.
3. Conditions- if, unless 10. Paradox- exaggerated irony
4. Cause and effect- because, due to, as a consequence, as a result, for its a. A seemingly absurd or contradictory statement or proposition
outcome/result, consequently, for its causes and effect which when investigated may prove to be well founded or true.
5. Comparison- likewise, for its comparison/similarities, similarly, in the the uncertainty principle leads to all sorts of paradoxes, like the
same manner/way particles being in two places at once.
6. Conclusion- in conclusion, thus, lastly, finally, to summarize, in summary, b. A statement or proposition which, despite sound (or apparently
to conclude sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a
7. Enumeration- 1st, 2nd, 3rd, the following, namely, such as conclusion that seems logically unacceptable or self-
8. Exemplification- for example/instance, such as, the following, namely contradictory. the liar paradox. [ mass noun ] : Parmenides was
9. Illustration- to cite, to illustrate, to demonstrate the original advocate of the philosophical power of paradox.