Mechanism of

Drug Name Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Considerations

Action

Generic Name: Binds with  Lower  Contraindicated in  GI: Nausea and Assessment
CEFUROXIME penicillin-binding respiratory patients vomiting  History: Hepatic and renal
SODIUM proteins in bacterial tract infection hypersensitive to impairment
cell wall drug or other  Physical: Skin status, liver function
Drug Classification: ↓ cephalosporin. tests, renal function tests, culture of
ANTI-INFECTIVE affected area, sensitivity tests
inhibits the
(Second-generation  Use cautiously in
transpeptidation of
Cephalosporin) patients Interventions
peptidoglycan
hypersensitive to  Perform skin test prior to
synthesis
Available Forms:  penicillin because of administration.
↓
Injection: 750 mg the possibility of  Follow 12 R
Tablet - 500 mg  inhibits bacterial cross-sensitivity with  Monitor patient for signs and
cell wall synthesis other beta-lactam symptoms of hypersensitivity.
Route: ↓ antibiotics  Monitor patient for signs and
IV destroys cell wall symptoms of superinfection.
↓
Patient’s Dose: Health Teaching
Cefuroxime 750 mg IV  bacterial death  Educate client on drug therapy to
q8h for 7 days ANST promote understanding and
compliance.
 Advise patient receiving drug IV to
report discomfort at IV insertion site.
 Tell patient to take drug as prescribed,
even after he feels better.
 Instruct patient to notify prescriber
about rash, loose stools, diarrhea or
evidence of superinfection.
 Mechanism of
Drug Name Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Considerations
Action

Generic Name: Binds with  Lower  Contraindicated in  GI: Nausea and Assessment
AMOXICILLIN AND penicillin-binding respiratory patients vomiting  History: Hepatic and renal
CLAVULANATE proteins in bacterial tract infection hypersensitive to  CNS: confusion, impairment
POTASSIUM cell wall drug or other dizziness  Physical: Skin status, liver function
↓ penicillins and in  Skin: rash, urticaria, tests, renal function tests, culture of
Brand Name: those with a history pruritus affected area, sensitivity tests
inhibits the
AUGMENTIN of amoxicillin-
transpeptidation of
related cholestatic Interventions
peptidoglycan
Drug Classification: jaundice or hepatic  Perform skin test prior to
synthesis
PENICILLIN dysfunction. administration.
↓
 Follow 12 R
Available Forms:  inhibits bacterial  Monitor patient for signs and
Injection: 1g cell wall synthesis symptoms of hypersensitivity.
↓  Monitor patient for signs and
Route: destroys cell wall symptoms of superinfection.
IV ↓  Raise side rails to avoid injury and
fall.
Patient’s Dose:  bacterial death
Augmentin 1.2 grams
IV q 12hrs for 7 days Health Teaching
ANST  Educate client on drug therapy to
promote understanding and
compliance.
 Advise patient receiving drug IV to
report discomfort at IV insertion site
 Tell patient to notify prescriber if rash
occurs because rash is a sign of
allergic reaction.
 Mechanism of
Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Considerations
Action

Generic Name:  Hypertension  Contraindicated CNS: headache, dizziness, Assessment

Inhibits calcium
AMLODIPINE in patients CV: edema, palpitations, angina  History: Hepatic and renal
ion reflux
HYDROCHLORIDE hypersensitive GI: abdominal discomfort and impairment
↓ to drug and in pain, diarrhea, anorexia, nausea,  Physical: vital signs
Drug Classification: Dilatation of those with vomiting
ANTIANGINAL coronary arteries advanced aortic Interventions
(Calcium Channel and arterioles stenosis  Follow 12 R
Blocker)  Measure BP frequently during
↓ initial therapy.
Available Forms:  Lowers blood  Check for orthostatic
Capsules: 5mg, 20mg, pressure hypotension
30mg
Health Teaching
Route:  Tell patient to take oral form
PO exactly as prescribed
 Advise patient to report chest
Patient’s Dose: pain immediately
Amlodipine 5mg tablet  Inform patient to get up from a
BID for 7 days sitting or lying position slowly
to avoid dizziness
 Mechanism of
Drug Name Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Considerations
Action

Generic Name: Inhibits HMG-CoA  Hyperlipidemi  Contraindicated in CNS: asthenia, headache Assessment
ATORVASTATIN a patients GI: abdominal pain,  History: Hepatic and renal
↓
CALCIUM hypersensitive to constipation, diarrhea, impairment
Decreases drug in those with dyspepsia, flatulence,  Physical: heart rate, ECG, and heart
Drug Classification: cholesterol active liver disease nausea and vomiting sounds, BP
ANTILIPEMIC synthesis or conditions that Musculoskeletal: myalgia
↓ cause unexplained Interventions
Available Forms:  persistent elevations  Follow 12 R
Tablets: 5mg, 10mg, Increased LDL of transaminase  Monitor patient for signs and
20mg, 40mg, 80mg receptor in liver levels. symptoms of hypersensitivity.
↓  Contraindicated in  Monitor signs of hypersensitivity
Route: pregnant and reactions, including pulmonary
PO Increases LDL breastfeeding symptoms.
reuptake in the women and in  Report balance problems and
blood women of child functional limitations to the
Patient’s Dose: bearing age. physician
Atorvastatin 20 mg  Use cautiously in  Raise side rails to prevent injury and
tablet PO once daily patients who fall.
for 7 days consume large
amount of alcohol or Health Teaching
have a history of  Teach patient about proper dietary
liver disease. management of cholesterol and
triglycerides. When appropriate,
recommend weight control and
exercise.
 Tell patient to inform prescriber if
adverse reactions occur, particularly
muscle aches and pains.
 Mechanism of
Drug Name Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Considerations
Action

Generic Name: Binds to hydrogen-  Short term  Contraindicated in CNS: anxiety, asthenia, Assessment
OMEPRAZOLE potassium treatment of patients dizziness, headache,  History: Hepatic and renal
adenosine pathologic hypersensitive to any insomnia, migraine impairment
Brand Name: triphosphatase hypersecretio component of the CV: chest pain  Physical: HR, RR, BP
RISEK n formulation.
↓
Interventions
Drug Classification: Inhibits proton  Follow 12 R
ANTIULCER DRUGS pump activity  Monitor patient for signs and
↓ symptoms of hypersensitivity.
Available Forms:   Report balance problems and
Injection: 40 mg per Gastric acid functional limitations to the physician
vial secretion  Raise side rails to prevent injury and
suppression fall.
Route:
IV
Health Teaching
 Instruct patient to take exactly as
Patient’s Dose: prescribed and at about the same time
Risek 40mg IV q 12 every day.
hrs for 7 days  Advise patient that drug can be taken
without regard to meals.
 Tell patient that antacids don’t affect
drug absorption
 Mechanism of
Drug Name Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Considerations
Action

Generic Name: Decrease  Hypomagnesemi  Contraindicated in CNS: depressed reflexes, Assessment

MAGNESIUM acetylcholine a patients drowsiness, paralysis  History: Hepatic and renal
SULFATE released by nerve hypersensitive to the CV: hypotension, impairment, heart block, myocardial
impulses drug. bradycardia, depressed damage.
Drug Classification: ↓  Parenteral cardiac function  Physical: RR, U/O, DTR
ELECTROLYTE administration
Anticonvulsant
REPLACEMENTS, contraindicated in Interventions
mechanism
MINERALS patients with  Follow 12 R
patients with heart  Monitor patient for signs and
Available Forms:  block or myocardial symptoms of hypersensitivity.
Injection: 5mg/ml damage.  Keep IV calcium gluconate
available to reverse magnesium
Route: intoxication, but use cautiously in
IV digitalized patients because of
danger of arrhythmias.
 Monitor fluid intake and output.
Patient’s Dose:
Magnesium Sulfate 2.5 Health Teaching
mEqs + 150ml Ringers  Inform patient of short-term need
Solution @ 30 for drug, answer any questions and
mgtts/min address concerns.
 Review potential adverse reactions
and instruct patient to promptly
report any occurrences. Reassure
patient that, although adverse
reactions can occur, vital signs,
reflexes and drug level will be
monitored frequently to ensure
safety.
 Mechanism of
Drug Name Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Considerations
Action

Generic Name: Bind to tyrosine  Hyperglycemia  Contraindicated in Metabolic: hypoglycemia Assessment

MAGNESIUM kinase receptor patients Skin: injection site  History: Hepatic and renal
SULFATE hypersensitive to the reactions, lipodystrophy, impairment, hypoglycemia
↓
drug and those who pruritus, rash  Physical: RBS
Drug Classification: Receptor have hypoglycemia.
ANTIDIABETIC phosphorylates Interventions
insulin-receptor  Follow 12 R
Available Forms:  substrates  Monitor patient for signs and
Penfill cartridge: 3ml ↓ symptoms of hypersensitivity.
Prefilled syringes: 3ml  Assess for hypoglycemia
Vial: 10 ml, containing Alters protein  Check serum blood glucose before
100 units of insulin synthesis administration.
↓  Rotate injection sites.
Route:  Be alert to conditions altering
SQ Membrane glucose requirements: fever, trauma,
transport is increased activity/stress
modified  Assess patient for rash.
Patient’s Dose: ↓  Observe injection sites for reactions,
Actrapid 5 units subq such as redness, swelling, itching or
Cell metabolism is
BID before meals for 7 burning.
changed
days  Check for hyperglycemia: polyuria
↓ (excessive urine output), polyphagia
Lowering of blood (excessive food intake), polydipsia
sugar levels (excessive thirst), nausea/vomiting,
dim vision, fatigue, deep and rapid
breathing (Kussmaul respirations).

Health Teaching
 Instruct on proper technique for
drug administration, testing of
glucose, signs/symptoms of
hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

 Educate patient that a Prescribed

diet is an essential part of treatment;
do not skip/delay meals.

 Instruct patient to carry candy, sugar

packets, other sugar supplements for
immediate response to
hypoglycemia.

 Check with physician when insulin

demands are altered

 Instruct patient to not take other

medication without consulting
physician.

 Educate patients that weight control,

exercise, hygiene (including foot
care), and not smoking are integral
parts of therapy.