Globalization,

Globalism and
Globality
Globalization vs Globality

Globalization is a process and it should be distinguished

from Globality and Globalization. The former refers to an
end while the latter refers to a process.

• Globalization is a set of social processes that lead to the

social condition of globality…a global condition.
Globalization

• process
Globality

• Condition

• It signifies a future social condition characterized by thick

economic, political and cultural interconnections and
global flows that make currently existing political borders
and economic barriers irrelevant.” – Manfred Steger

• A world society in which closed spaces have become

illusory (Kilbourne 2002)
 Reading Material:

Steger, Manfred B.
(February 2005).
Ideologies of Globalization.
Journal of Political
Ideologies. 10(1), 11–30.
Carfax Publishing.
Globalism

• Ideology
• A dominant mode of thought
• A system of widely shared ideas, patterned beliefs, guiding norms
and values, and ideals accepted as truth by some groups.

• A widespread belief among powerful people that the

global integration of economic markets is beneficial for
everyone, since it spreads freedom and democracy
around the world.
Globalism

Friedman insists that everybody ought to accept the

following ‘truth’ about globalization:

‘The driving idea behind globalization is free-market

capitalism—the more you let market forces rule and the
more you open your economy to free trade and
competition, the more efficient your economy will be.
Globalism

• Ideology of the rule by the world market

• Ideology that promote the principle of interdependence

and unity of the whole world, of all nations and states
instead of a national and state particularism.
3 Types of Globalism (Steger)

1. Market globalism advocates promise a consumerist, neoliberal,

free-market world. This ideology is held by many powerful
individuals, who claim it transmits democracy and benefits
everyone. However, it also reinforces inequality, and can be
politically motivated.

2. Justice globalism envisages a global civil society with fairer

relationships and environmental safeguards. They disagree with
market globalists who view neoliberalism as the only way.

3. Religious globalism (Jihadist) strive for a global religious community

with superiority over secular structures.
Six Core Claims of Globalism

Claim 1: Globalization is about liberalization and global

integration of markets
Claim 2: Globalization is inevitable and irreversible
Claim 3: Nobody is in charge of globalization
Claim 4: Globalization benefits everyone (…in the long run)
Claim 5: Globalization furthers the spread of democracy
around the world
Claim 6: Globalization requires a global war on terror
Claim 1: Globalization is about liberalization
and global integration of markets

• The liberalization and market integration are central to this

claim.

• This first claim of market globalism is anchored in the neo-

liberal ideal of the self-regulating market as the normative
basis for a future global order.
Claim 1: Globalization is about liberalization
and global integration of markets
Neoliberal
• Laissez-faire
• globalization is about the triumph of
markets over governments.
• The driving force today is market
suborning the role of governments.
• There is the assumption that there
should be less government because
the market is self-regulating.
Neoconservative
• more inclined to combine hands-off attitude
toward big business with intrusive government
action for the regulation of the ordinary
citizenry in the name of public security and
traditional values
• In foreign affairs, neoconservatives advocate
a more assertive and expansive use of both
economic and military power
• embraces the liberal ideal of promoting
‘freedom’ and ‘democracy’ around the
world.
Claim 2: Globalization is inevitable and
irreversible
• Historical inevitability
• Deterministic
• Devalues human agency and individualism
Claim 2: Globalization is inevitable and
irreversible
• presenting globalization as some sort of natural force, like the
weather or gravity, makes it easier for globalists to convince people
that they have to adapt to the discipline of the market if they are to
survive and prosper.

• Thus, suppressing alternative discourses about globalization, Claim

Two undermines the formation of political dissent. Public policy
based on globalist ideas appears to be above politics; leaders
simply carry out what is ordained by nature. Since the emergence
of a world based on the primacy of market values reflects the
dictates of history, resistance would be unnatural, irrational, and
dangerous.
Claim 3: Nobody is in charge of
globalization
• Propagation of impersonal forces (such as market and
technology) as agents of globalization

• The great beauty of globalization is that it is not controlled by

any individual, any government, any institution’

• if the undisturbed workings of the market indeed preordain a

certain course of history, then globalization does not reflect the
arbitrary agenda of a particular social class or group.
Claim 3: Nobody is in charge of
globalization

• Some advocate of globalism believes that no one is in

charge except the free market forces. But the events of
9/11 proves that this global integration can only be
supported with proper leadership, thus the 9/11 event
showed the need for the United States of America to take
the leadership.
Claim 4: Globalization benefits everyone
(…in the long run)

• Unimpeded globalization to benefit the largest number of

people

• In the G7 summit the leaders of the industrialized world

claimed that globalization will bring about the expansion
of trade and investment. It aims to create a consumerist
utopia. It claims to provide hope for prosperity and
opportunity especially for populous countries.
Claim 4: Globalization benefits everyone
(…in the long run)
• ‘irregularities..episodic dislocations’ such as mass
unemployment and reduced social services might be
‘necessary in the short run’, but, ‘in the long run’, they will give
way to ‘quantum leaps in productivity’.

• benefits of globalization must be defended at all costs

• ‘Free trade and free markets have proven their ability to lift whole
societies out of poverty—so the United States will work with individual
nations, entire regions, and the entire global trading community to
build a world that trades in freedom and therefore grows in prosperity’
Claim 5: Globalization furthers the
spread of democracy around the world

• The alleged ability to bring about greater social

integration and material progress – can only be realized in
a democratic society that values and protects individual
freedom.

• There is a ‘clear correlation’ between a country’s level of

economic development and successful democracy
(Fukuyama).
Claim 5: Globalization furthers the
spread of democracy around the world
• Although it is said that economic development and
capital build up does not produce democracy, wealthier
society creates a powerful middle class.

• It is this class and societal structure that facilitates

democracy
Claim 6: Globalization requires a global
war on terror

• Combination of globalism and militarism.

• combines the idea of economic globalization with openly
militaristic and nationalistic ideas associated with the American-
led global War on Terror.
Globalization, Globalism and Globality

• Globalization – process
• Globalism – ideology
• Globality – end , state of being, condition