Turbo V Ion Source Operator's Manual: Part Number: 1017901 A April 2005

Turbo V
Ion Source
Operator's
Manual
Part Number: 1017901 A
April 2005
LC/MS/MS System
This document is provided to customers who have purchased MDS Sciex equipment to use
in the operation of such MDS Sciex equipment. This document is copyright protected and
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ISO
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this equipment for any particular purpose and assumes no responsibility or contingent
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One or more of the following trademarks or registered trademarks may be found in this document:
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Equipment built by MDS Sciex, a division of MDS Inc.,

at 71 Four Valley Dr., Concord, Ontario, Canada L4K 4V8.
MDS Sciex and Applied Biosystems are ISO 9001 registered.
© 2005 Edition MDS Sciex, a division of MDS Inc., and Applera Corporation,
Joint Owners. All rights reserved.
Printed in Canada.
Contents
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
About This Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Who This Manual Is For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
How This Manual Is Organized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Related Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix
Regulatory Compliance Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Federal Communications Commission Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix
International Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Chapter 1: Introducing the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Why Use the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Features of the Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Parts of the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Source Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
TurboIonSpray Probe Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
APCI Probe Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Source Exhaust System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Source Safety Interlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Temperature Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Sample Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Chapter 2: Source Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Probe Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Preparing the Source For Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Installing the Probe in the Source Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Installing the Source Housing on the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Chapter 3: Source Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Before Operating the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Testing the Exhaust Pressure Switch and Preparing the Source for Op-
eration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
TurboIonSpray Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
TurboIonSpray Hardware Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
iii
TurboIonSpray Software Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
APCI Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
APCI Hardware Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
APCI Software Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Exchanging Probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Stopping the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Removing the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Removing the Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Installing the Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Chapter 4: Performance Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
System Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Instrument Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Injector Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Materials Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Mobile Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Preparing the Test Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Gas Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Instrument Performance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Testing the Source in TurboIonSpray Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Testing the Source in APCI Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Chapter 5: Source Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Preparation for Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Removing the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Source Component Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Cleaning the Electrode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Setting the Electrode Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Source Component Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Replacing the Corona Discharge Needle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Appendix A: Source Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Descriptions and Typical Values for Source-Dependent Parameters .53
iv
Turbo V Ion Source Operator’s Manual
Appendix B: Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Appendix C: Parts List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Appendix D: Principles of Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Ion Evaporation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Ionization Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
v
vi
Foreword
The foreword contains information about the manual and the hardware
regulatory compliance certification.
About This Manual

This topic describes how the manual is organized, including
descriptions of the intended audience and short descriptions of each
chapter. It defines the typographical conventions used in the manual,
and lists the related documentation.
Who This Manual Is For

This manual is intended for customers who have purchased the
Turbo V™ source. It contains an overview of Turbo V techniques,
instructions for installing the source, source operating instructions and a
description of basic maintenance procedures.
How This Manual Is Organized

This manual is organized as follows:
Chapter 1: Introducing the Source: This topic contains a general
introduction to the Turbo V source.
Chapter 2: Source Installation: This topic describes the procedure for
installing the Turbo V source.
Chapter 3: Source Operation: This topic describes procedures and
concepts for operating the Turbo V source.
Chapter 4: Test Procedures: This topic describes procedures the
performance tests used to demonstrate the performance level of the
Turbo V source.
Chapter 5: Source Maintenance: This topic contains procedures for
maintaining the Turbo V source and replacing consumable items.
vii
Foreword
Appendix A: Source Parameters: This appendix describes the

operating parameters for the Turbo V source.
Appendix B: Troubleshooting: This appendix contains
troubleshooting tips for the Turbo V source.
Appendix C: Parts List: This appendix contains a list of parts for the
Turbo V source.
Appendix D: Principles of Operation: This appendix contains
information that explains how the source generates ions.
Conventions
Within the scope of this manual, the following typographical
conventions are used:
WARNING! This symbol indicates a warning of potential physical

injury. Read the warning and follow all precautions before
performing any operation described in the manual. Failure to do
so can result in serious injury.
WARNING! Shock Hazard. This symbol indicates a warning of

electrical shock hazard. Read the warning and follow all
precautions before performing any operation described in the
manual. Failure to do so can result in serious injury.
WARNING! Hot Surface. This symbol indicates a warning of

potential burns from hot surfaces. Read the warning and follow all
viii
WARNING! Biohazard. This symbol indicates a warning of

biohazardous materials. Read the warning and follow all
Important! Provides essential information for the completion of a

procedure.
Tip: Provides useful information that helps apply the techniques and
procedures in the text to your specific needs, and provides shortcuts, but
is not essential to the completion of a procedure.
Note: Emphasizes or supplements information in the text.
Related Documentation
The customer documentation for the LC/MS/MS system includes the
site planning guide, the operator’s manual, the qualified maintenance
person’s manual, the safety manual, the peripheral devices manual, the
laboratory director’s guide, and the following optional documents:
SQ/IQ/OQ (site, instrument, and operator’s qualifications), and the IPV
(instrument performance validation). Online Help is available in the
Analyst® software and can be activated by pressing F1.
To download the latest versions of these documents, visit
http://docs.appliedbiosystems.com/search.taf.
Regulatory Compliance
Certification
This source, and its components, meet or exceed the requirements of the
following regulatory agencies. Applicable labels for these qualifications
have been affixed to the instrument.
Federal Communications Commission

Compliance
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the RF
Emission limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the
FCC Rules. The limits are intended to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
ix
Foreword
commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can

radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the accompanying manuals, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area is likely to cause harmful interference that the user will
be required to correct at their own expense. Changes or modifications
not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void your authority
to operate the equipment.
International Compliance
See the Declaration of Conformance included with the instrument.
Contact Us
Your opinion is important to us. To provide feedback about this manual,
send an e-mail message to: techpubs@sciex.com
x
1
Introducing the Source
The Turbo V™ source gives you the option of using either the
TurboIonSpray® or APCI (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization)
probe in the same source housing.
This topic contains the following:
• “Why Use the Source” on page 11
• “Parts of the Source” on page 12
Why Use the Source

The Turbo V source is used either electrospray ionization or chemical
ionization of compounds. Applications for the source include
qualitative method development and quantitative analysis.
APCI and TurboIonSpray probe capability allows you to switch quickly
between ionization modes.
Features of the Source

These are some of the features of the Turbo V source:
Flow Rates: The source operates with sample flow rates up to
1.5 mL/min, and can handle the entire flow from a wide bore LC
(liquid chromatography) column without splitting. The source can
vaporize a 100% aqueous mobile phase at a flow rate up to 1.0 mL/min.
Volatile Mobile Phase Buffer Handling: The source handles volatile
mobile phase buffers in positive or negative ion mode under reverse-
phase or normal-phase chromatographic conditions.
Minimal Thermal Decomposition: The source ionizes volatile and
labile compounds with minimal thermal decomposition.
MS Analysis: The source generates a selective spectrum of ions (fewer
background ions) that is ideal for MS analysis.
11
Rapid Sample Introduction: The source can be used for rapid sample
introduction by flow injection with or without an LC column.
Parts of the Source

This topic describes the main parts of the source.
Source Housing
The source housing mounts onto the vacuum interface and is held in
position by two guide pins that are rotated with latch handles. The
source probe and the source housing can be quickly and easily removed
without tools. If a probe is not properly installed in the source housing,
or the source housing itself is not properly installed on the instrument,
the high-voltage power will not be enabled. For more information, see
“Source Safety Interlocks” on page 16.
Gas and high-voltage electrical connections enter through the front
plate of the interface and connect internally through the source housing.
When the source is installed onto the mass spectrometer, most of the
electrical and gas connections are made. The sample delivery lines are
connected manually to the splitter and probe. The probe position can be
adjusted vertically and horizontally for optimal performance.
An exhaust system removes source gases through a source exhaust port
in the bottom of the source housing. The source exhaust port connects
through a drain chamber and a source exhaust pump to a drain vessel,
and from there to a customer-supplied exhaust ventilation system. For
more information on the source exhaust system see the illustration
“Source exhaust system” on page 16.
Tempered glass windows on the side and at the end of the source
housing allow you to see the probes and nebulized sample stream.
The source housing includes the following parts:
12
• A mechanical assembly to position the probe vertically and

horizontally for source sensitivity adjustments (optimization).
• An interface plate, housing a high-voltage (ion transfer voltage)
connector, source identity connector, and connection ports for
source electrical power and gas supply.
• Two latch handles to secure the source housing to the mass
spectrometer’s vacuum interface.
• Two turbo heater ports, one on each side of the probe tower.
• A tower for the APCI or TurboIonSpray probe.
• A splitter for grounding the liquid sample line.
• A window port to provide a side view of the probes.
• A source exhaust port on the bottom.
Vertical
Probe Adjustment
Probe Tower
Horizontal
Probe Adjustment
Turbo Heater
Splitter
Window Port
Guide Pin
Latch Handle
Turbo V source housing
13
TurboIonSpray Probe Parts

The TurboIonSpray probe consists of 0.012" o.d. stainless steel tubing
and is located centrally with the two turbo heaters placed at a 45° angle
to each side. Samples introduced through the TurboIonSpray probe are
ionized within the tubing, by the application of high voltage (IonSpray
voltage), and then nebulized by the jet of hot, dry, ultrahigh purity
(UHP) nitrogen gas or zero air from the turbo heaters, creating a mist of
small highly-charged droplets. The combination of IonSpray effluent
and the heated dry gas from the turbo sprayer are projected at a 90°
angle to the ion path. For more information see, “Principles of
Operation” on page 61.
The probe consists of the following parts:
• Retaining ring to fasten the probe to the probe tower on the source
housing.
• Electrode adjustment nut (black collar) to set the length of electrode
tip extension. This is a critical adjustment for the optimizing of a
compound.
• Electrode tip through which samples are spayed into the sample
inlet area of the source. This tip extension is adjustable by turning
the electrode adjustment nut.
Retaining Ring (Bronze)
Electrode Tip
Electrode Adjustment Nut (Black)

TurboIonSpray probe
APCI Probe Parts

The APCI sprayer probe consists of 100 µm (0.004" i.d.) stainless steel
tubing surrounded by a flow of nebulizer gas. The liquid sample flow is
pumped through the sprayer where it is nebulized in a ceramic tube
containing a heater. The inner wall of the ceramic tube can be
maintained at a temperature range of 100 to 750°C and is monitored by
the sensor embedded in the probe. A high velocity jet of nebulizer gas
14
(Gas 1) flows around the electrode tip to disperse the sample as a mist
of fine particles. It moves through the ceramic vaporization heater into
the reaction region of the source past the corona discharge needle where
the sample molecules are ionized as they pass through the ion source
housing. For more information see, “Principles of Operation” on page
61.
The probe consists of the following parts:
• Retaining ring to fasten the probe to the probe tower on the source
housing.
• Electrode adjustment nut (black collar) to set the length of electrode
tip extension. This is a critical adjustment for the optimizing of a
compound.
• Electrode tip through which samples are spayed into the sample
inlet area of the source. This tip extension is adjustable by turning
the electrode adjustment nut.
Retaining Ring (Bronze)
Electrode Tip
Electrode Adjustment Nut (Black)

APCI probe
Source Exhaust System

The source exhaust system is a safety feature that isolates the sample
vapors and exhaust products from the laboratory environment. The
source requires that the source exhaust system is properly connected
and functioning. For more information on the system safety interlocks,
see the following topic, “Source Safety Interlocks” on page 16.
The exhaust pump draws the solvent vapors from the enclosed source
housing and delivers them to a trap at the rear of the instrument chassis.
It is recommended that these vapors be passed through this trap and
then vented to a fume hood or outside port.
15
Ion Source
Source Exhaust Port

RF FEEDBACK RF FEEDBACK
B A B A
Front Bulkhead Assembly
Pressure Switch
Exhaust Supply
BACKING PUMP
CURTAIN GAS SUPPLY

MAX 60 PSIG
GAS 1 / GAS 2
EXHAUST SUPPLY
MIN 55 PSIG EXHAUST WASTE OUT
Venturi Pump
MAX105 PSIG MAX 60 PSIG
Exhaust Waste Out

Gas Panel
Source exhaust system
WARNING! Hazardous Materials. Take all necessary precautions

to ensure the safe disposal of the source exhaust gas. Follow all
applicable local regulations.
A filtered nitrogen or zero air gas supply (oil free) is delivered to the
source exhaust pump at pressures indicated on the gas panel at the back
of the instrument. The previous figure shows an example of the exhaust
supply connection points for an instrument.
Source Safety Interlocks

The source exhaust system will not operate if the probe is not installed
or is improperly installed. If the source exhaust system does not
operate, the instrument will not reach ready status.
16
A safety interlock disables the instrument’s high-voltage power supply

if:
• The source housing is not installed or is improperly installed.
• The mass spectrometer senses a gas fault.
Temperature Controller
The temperature controller monitors and maintains the temperature of
the ceramic heaters in both the APCI and TurboIonSpray probes and
supplies power to the two turbo heaters. A thermal sensor senses the
actual heater temperature and transmits it to the temperature controller
board. The TCB (temperature control board) adjusts the flow of power
to the heater element as a function of the difference between the actual
heater temperature and the temperature setting at the computer.
The temperature controller system consists of a heating element in the
source housing, the TCB, and a transformer that provides the power for
both the heater and the TCB. A thermocouple attached to the heating
element returns the actual heater temperature signal to the TCB.
Sample Introduction
This topic describes how the sample is introduced to the source. It also
describes the sample inlet operational requirements.
Method
The liquid sample stream is pumped to the source by an LC pump or by
a syringe pump. If introduced by an LC pump, the sample may be
injected directly into the mobile phase using flow injection analysis
(FIA) or through a separation column (LC/MS) using a loop injector or
autosampler. If introduced by a syringe pump, the sample is directly
injected into the source.
Sample Inlet Operational Requirements
The sample inlet is specifically designed to transfer the liquid sample to
the source inlet without sample loss and with minimal dead volume.
It is important to apply appropriate analytical procedures and practices
to minimize external dead volumes. Proper procedures help ensure
chromatographic integrity and analytical reproducibility. It is also
important that samples are sufficiently prefiltered so that the capillary
tubing in the inlets is not blocked by particles, precipitated samples, or
salts.
17
18
2
Source Installation
This topic describes the procedure for installing the Turbo V™ source.
The source housing and probes are removable for maintenance and
service.
WARNING! Shock Hazard. The source housing must be installed

last during this procedure, to avoid making the high voltage
connection while installing the capillaries.
Probe Selection
The Turbo V source accepts either the TurboIonSpray® or the APCI
source probe.The system recognizes which probe is installed and
enables the corresponding specific user controls.
The Analyst software provides the capability to select either of the two
probes, on a per experiment basis. All of the data acquired using the
source is identified by the probe used to acquire the data.
APCI Probe
TurboIonSpray Probe
APCI and TurboIonSpray probes
Features of the TurboIonSpray probe

The TurboIonSpray probe is ideally suited for LC/MS/MS experiments
on compounds that readily form ions in solution. These are usually
19
Source Installation
polar compounds. The sensitivity gains that are achieved with this
technique are both flow rate and analyte dependent. For more
information on using the probe, see “Descriptions and Typical Values
for Source-Dependent Parameters” on page 53.
The following list outlines the features of the TurboIonSpray probe:
• Functions as conventional IonSpray source when the heater is
turned off.
• Functions with flow rates from 5 to 3000 µL/min.
• Vaporizes 100% aqueous to 100% organic solvents.
Features of the APCI probe
The APCI probe is ideally suited for creating spectra for MS/MS
experiments compounds that do not readily form ions in solution. These
are usually non-polar compounds. It is also good for rapid sample
introduction by flow injection with or without an LC column. For more
information on using the probe, see “Descriptions and Typical Values
for Source-Dependent Parameters” on page 53.
The following list outlines the features of the APCI probe:
• Functions with flow rates of 50 to 3000 µL/min. and can handle the
entire flow from a wide bore column without splitting.
• Vaporizes a 100% aqueous mobile phase.
• Handles volatile mobile phase buffers.
• Vaporizes volatile and labile compounds with minimal thermal
decomposition.
Preparing the Source For Installation

Use this procedure when installing the source for the first time. You
need the following parts, which come contained in the shipping
package, to install the source:
• The source housing assembly.
• The source probes.
• The hardware kit containing miscellaneous items needed for
installing the source.
20
To prepare for initial installation

Follow this procedure to install the source for the first time.
1. Remove all of the parts from the shipping package and place them
securely on a bench or table near vacuum interface of the
instrument.
Tip: Do not discard the empty package. Use it to safely store the
source when not in use.
2. Set the horizontal and vertical micrometers to the values shown in
the following table:
Initial micrometer settings
Probe Horizontal Vertical
APCI 5.0 mm 5.0 mm
TurboIonSpray 5.0 mm 5.0 mm
3. Ensure that the sample inlet line is the appropriate length to connect
to the source with enough slack to move the fully connected source
housing from the bench to the vacuum interface of the instrument.
4. Check the probe to ensure that the electrode tip is adjusted to
specification. For optimum stability and performance, the electrode
should extend between 0.5 and 1.0 mm from the end of the probe
and is compound dependent. This distance affects the shape of the
sprayed cone which affects instrument sensitivity. For more
information on adjusting the electrode extension, see “Electrode
extension adjustment” on page 51.
Installing the Probe in the Source Housing

The probe is not installed when the instrument is shipped. Follow this
procedure to install the probe on a new source, after purchasing a new
probe, or when exchanging probes. Install the probe into the source
housing before mounting the source onto the instrument to avoid a
possible electrical shock hazard. Always remove the source housing, if
installed, before exchanging probes. For more information on removing
the source housing, see “Removing the Source” on page 34.
21
Source Installation
To install the probe and source housing

WARNING! Shock Hazard. When installing the source, install the
probe before you mount the source on the instrument.
Important! The Turbo V source accepts either the TurboIonSpray

probe or the APCI probe. The system recognizes which probe is
installed and enables specific user controls.
1. Remove the current probe, if exchanging probes. For more
information, see “Removing the Probe” on page 35.
CAUTION! To avoid damaging the probe, do not allow the

protruding electrode tip to touch any part of the source
housing while inserting it.
2. Insert the probe into the orifice of the probe housing. Align the hole
on the probe with the alignment pin at the top of the housing.
3. Gently push down on the source probe to ensure aligning the
contacts with those in the top of the probe tower.
4. Turn the bronze retaining ring over the probe, push it down to
engage its thread with the thread on the top of the probe tower and
then screw the ring down all the way.
WARNING! Shock Hazard. Ensure that the source housing is

completely disconnected from the mass spectrometer before
proceeding.
Important! The source exhaust system and the high voltage power
will not function if the probe is not properly connected.
5. Install the sample inlet line in the top of the probe. Thread the
sample inlet line nut into the fitting at the top of the probe. Tighten
the sample tube nut finger tight. See the following figure, Source
latches.
22
Sample Inlet
Line
Probe
Splitter
Sample Supply Line
Sample inlet connection
WARNING! Shock Hazard. Do not bypass the splitter

connection. The splitter provides safety grounding between
the instrument and the sample introduction device.
6. Attach the sample inlet line connected to the top of the probe to the
splitter located at the front right of the source housing (when facing
the glass end window).
7. Attach the sample supply line from the supply device to the splitter.
Installing the Source Housing on the

Instrument
When the source is installed, the mass spectrometer recognizes the
source type and displays the source identification on all applicable
screens in the Analyst® software interface.
23
Source Installation
To install the source

1. The source housing mounts onto the vacuum interface surface of
the instrument and is held in position by two latches. Align the
source housing with the source interface, ensuring that the two
guide pins on the housing insert into the alignment holes in the
vacuum interface.
2. Gently push the source against the interface surface and rotate the
two black latch handles fully downwards to secure the source into
place.
Interface
Surface
Guide
Pin
Guide
Pin
Latch Latch Alignment

Handle Handle Hole
Source latches
24
3
Source Operation
This topic describes procedures and concepts for operating the
Turbo V™ source.
Before Operating the Source

This topic describes how to prepare the source for operation. For
information on stopping the source, see “Stopping the Source” on page
34.
CAUTION! Potential Instrument Damage. Ensure that the Auxiliary

I/O cable is connected between the instrument and the LC pump
and that in the acquisition method, the Sync Mode is set to LC
Sync. If the cable is not connected, the instrument cannot
communicate with the pump. If the pump and the instrument do
not stop at the same time, the flow from the pump can flood the
source housing. For more information on connecting the Auxiliary
I/O cable, refer to Appendix A: Peripheral Device Analog
Synchronization in the Peripheral Devices Setup manual.
Testing the Exhaust Pressure Switch and

Preparing the Source for Operation
You must test the exhaust pressure switch for the exhaust line each time
you operate the source to prevent vapor from accumulating within the
source housing.
To test the exhaust pressure switch and prepare the
source for operation
WARNING! Potential Fire Hazard. Ensure the source exhaust is

working before using the source to prevent vapor from
accumulating within the source.
25
Source Operation
CAUTION! Potential instrument damage. You must test the

pressure switch for the exhaust line before each use to avoid
damaging the source during operation.
1. Install the probe and source housing on the instrument. For more
information, see “To install the probe and source housing” on page
22.
2. Ensure that the Analyst® software is running.
3. If the hose is connected to a forced ventilation system, disconnect
the hose from the drain bottle.
4. Turn off, or remove, the gas supply line connected to the exhaust
supply fitting located on the instrument bulkhead. For more
information, see the following figure, Source exhaust system
Fault messages should appear on the monitor indicating the source
exhaust gas is off. This verifies that the pressure switch is working.
If the fault messages do not appear, the pressure switch is defective
and the source must not be used. Call your Customer Service
Representative for service.
26
Ion Source
Source Exhaust Port

RF FEEDBACK RF FEEDBACK
B A B A
Front Bulkhead Assembly
Pressure Switch
Exhaust Supply
BACKING PUMP
CURTAIN GAS SUPPLY

MAX 60 PSIG
GAS 1 / GAS 2
EXHAUST SUPPLY
MIN 55 PSIG EXHAUST WASTE OUT
Venturi Pump
MAX105 PSIG MAX 60 PSIG
Exhaust Waste Out

Gas Panel
Source exhaust system
5. Turn on, or reconnect, the gas supply line connected to the exhaust
supply fitting located on the instrument rear bulkhead, and then
reconnect the hose to the drain bottle.
The Analyst software instrument status panel should indicate that
the source exhaust gas is on.
6. To acquire data refer to the operator’s manual for your instrument.
To optimize the source see one of the following:
For more information on optimizing the source for
TurboIonSpray mode, see “TurboIonSpray Optimization” on
page 28.
For more information on optimizing the source for APCI mode,
see “APCI Optimization” on page 30.
27
Source Operation
TurboIonSpray Optimization
This topic contains parameter details and procedures for optimizing the
TurboIonSpray mode performance. Overall, optimization consists of:
• Hardware optimization parameters which consist of probe position
and electrode tip adjustments.
• Software optimization parameters which are configured to further
optimize the source performance after the probe adjustments are
completed.
Note: Before starting the liquid sample flow, allow the source to warm
up for 30 minutes or until the housing is warm to the touch. Warming
the probe before use eliminates the possibility that solvent vapors may
condense inside a cold source housing. When using the APCI probe, the
ceramic heater must be warmed slowly to avoid thermal shock to the
heating element.
TurboIonSpray Hardware Optimization

The position of the TurboIonSpray probe relative to the curtain plate
orifice and the position of the sample tube relative to the nebulizing jet
are important factors in optimizing TurboIonSpray performance.
Optimal performance also depends on the position of the spray, which
affects sensitivity and signal stability, and is compound and flow rate
dependent. The probe position should always be adjusted in small
increments. For more information on starting settings for the
TurboIonSpray, see the following figure, Typical Values for
TurboIonSpray Probe Hardware Parameter Optimization.
Typical Values for TurboIonSpray Probe Hardware Parameter
Optimization
Operational
LC Flow rate
range
5 to 50 5 to
Parameter 200 µL/min 1000 µL/min
µL/min 3000 µL/min
Probe vertical- 5 to 10 mm 0 to 5mm 0 to 5mm 0 to 13 mm
axis position
Probe 3 to 8 mm 5 to 8 mm 5 to 8 mm 0 to 10 mm
horizontal-axis
position
28
To optimize the TurboIonSpray probe position

You can adjust the probe’s vertical-axis position between 0 and 13 mm.
These values represent the top and bottom limits of the vertical
movement of the probe with respect to the orifice. The optimal probe
position should be within the range of 3.0 to 7.0 mm with respect to the
orifice. You can adjust the probe’s horizontal-axis position between 0
and 10 mm. These represent the left and right limits of the horizontal
movement of the probe with respect to the orifice. The optimal position
should be within the range of 0 to 2 mm on either side of the orifice.
Look through the window of the source housing to view the position of
the probe.
1. Set the horizontal axis to 5 and the vertical axis to 5.
2. Infuse or inject the sample.
3. Using the Analyst software, in Q1 or MRM mode, monitor the ion
intensity.
4. Using small increments, move the probe vertically and horizontally
until optimal sensitivity is achieved. The TurboIonSpray probe may
optimize slightly to either side of the orifice.
Note: The probe’s vertical position depends on flow rate. At low
flow rates, the probe may need to be closer to the orifice, while at
higher flow rates, the probe should be farther away.
5. Adjust the black electrode adjustment nut on the probe to move the
electrode tube situated inside of the probe. For optimum stability
and performance, the electrode should extend between 0.5 and
1.0 mm from the end of the probe. This adjustment is compound
and flow rate dependent. For more information, see “Electrode
Repeat this optimization procedure if the analyte, flow rate, or solvent
composition changes. However, the optimal settings will remain
constant for any given combination of the preceding. Once the probe is
optimized it needs only minor adjusting or tuning. If you remove the
probe, you should repeat the optimizing procedure after reinstallation.
29
Source Operation
TurboIonSpray Software Optimization

This topic describes source-specific software parameters. These
parameters can be optimized for the LC conditions used during
analysis.They are configured to further optimize the source
performance after the probe adjustments are completed. Optimal
source-dependent parameter values depend on the LC conditions and
the selected compound. Source-dependent parameters should be
optimized at or near the desired LC flow conditions using split infusion
or FIA.
You can adjust the software parameters using one of these two methods:
• Manually optimizing for the analyte, where you create an MS
acquisition method in Tune mode. Based on the method of sample
introduction you choose, you can add an LC method to the
acquisition method. Once the acquisition method has been created,
you can optimize source-dependent parameters by manually
adjusting the parameters in the Tune Method Editor.
• Automatically optimizing for the analyte, using the Analyst
Quantitative Optimization wizard, which can be used to
automatically optimize the instrument for ions of interest. You can
either specify the ions of interest or have the software determine
them for you. At the end of the optimization process, the optimized
parameters are saved in an acquisition method.
For more information on using these optimization methods, refer to the
Tuning, Calibrating, and Optimizing Guide for your instrument.
APCI Optimization
This topic contains parameter details and procedures for optimizing the
APCI mode performance. Overall optimization consists of:
• Hardware optimization parameters which consist of probe position
and electrode tip adjustments.
• Software optimization parameters which are configured to further
optimize the source performance after the probe adjustments are
completed.
Note: Before starting the liquid sample flow, allow the source to warm
up for 30 minutes or until the housing is warm to the touch. Warming
30
the probe before use eliminates the possibility that solvent vapors may
condense inside a cold source housing. When using the APCI probe, the
ceramic heater must be warmed slowly to avoid thermal shock to the
heating element.
APCI Hardware Optimization

This topic describes how to optimize the source in APCI mode. Several
parameters affect the performance of the probe.
As the aqueous composition of the carrier solvent increases at high flow
rates, the spray becomes more visible. For more information on starting
settings for the APCI probe, see the following figure, Typical Values for
APCI Probe Parameter Optimization.
Typical Values for APCI Probe Parameter Optimization
Parameter Typical value Operational range

Probe vertical-axis 5 mm Scale 0 to 13 mm
position
Probe horizontal- 5 mm Scale 0 to 10 mm
axis position
To optimize the position of the corona discharge needle

Determine the optimum position of the corona discharge needle by
ensuring that it will not go over the centre axis of the ceramic tube. To
ensure proper ionization, it should also remain in the path of the
nebulized gas.
• Rotate the needle so the tip points directly at the curtain plate
orifice.
To optimize the APCI probe position
You can adjust the probe’s vertical-axis position between 0 and 13 mm.
These values represent the top and bottom limits of the vertical
movement of the probe with respect to the orifice. The optimal probe
position should be within the range of 3.0 to 7.0 mm with respect to the
orifice. You can adjust the probe’s horizontal-axis position between 0
and 10 mm. These represent the left and right limits of the horizontal
movement of the probe with respect to the orifice. The optimal position
should be within the range of 0 to 2 mm on either side of the orifice.
31
Source Operation
Look through the window of the source housing to view the position of
the probe.
Tip: The curtain plate orifice should remain clear of solvent or solvent
drops at all times.
1. Set the horizontal axis to 5 and the vertical axis to 5.
2. Infuse or inject the sample.
3. Using the Analyst software, in Q1 or MRM mode, monitor the ion
intensity.
4. Using small increments, move the probe vertical position away
from or towards the curtain plate orifice until optimal sensitivity is
achieved. The APCI probe optimizes toward the orifice plate.
Note: The probe’s vertical position depends on flow rate. At low
flow rates, the probe may need to be closer to the orifice, while at
higher flow rates, the probe should be farther away.
5. Using small increments, move the probe horizontal position
towards, and then past, the curtain plate orifice while monitoring
the signal intensity.
6. Adjust the black electrode adjustment nut on the probe to move the
electrode tube situated inside of the probe. For optimum stability
and performance, the electrode should extend between 0.5 and
1.0 mm from the end of the probe. This adjustment is compound
and flow rate dependent. For more information, see “Electrode
Repeat this optimization procedure if the analyte, flow rate, or solvent
composition changes. However, the optimal settings will remain
constant for any given combination of the preceding. Once the probe is
optimized it needs only minor adjusting or tuning. If you remove the
probe, you should repeat the optimizing procedure after reinstallation.
32
APCI Software Optimization

This topic describes source-specific software parameters. These
parameters can be optimized for the LC conditions used during
analysis.They are configured to further optimize the source
performance after the probe adjustments are completed. Optimal
source-dependent parameter values depend on the LC conditions and
the selected compound. Source-dependent parameters should be
optimized at or near the desired LC flow conditions using split infusion
or FIA.
You can adjust the software parameters using one of these two methods:
• Manually optimizing for the analyte, where you create an MS
acquisition method in Tune mode. Based on the method of sample
introduction you choose, you can add an LC method to the
acquisition method. Once the acquisition method has been created,
you can optimize source-dependent parameters by manually
adjusting the parameters in the Tune Method Editor.
• Automatically optimizing for the analyte, using the Analyst
Quantitative Optimization wizard, which can be used to
automatically optimize the instrument for ions of interest. You can
either specify the ions of interest or have the software determine
them for you. At the end of the optimization process, the optimized
parameters are saved in an acquisition method.
For more information on using these optimization methods, refer to the
Tuning, Calibrating, and Optimizing Guide for your instrument.
Exchanging Probes
Follow this procedure when you need to exchange probes
This topic contains the following:
• “Stopping the Source” on page 34
• “Removing the Source” on page 34
• “Removing the Probe” on page 35
• “Installing the Probe” on page 35
33
Source Operation
Stopping the Source

Follow this procedure to stop the source operation. To prevent personal
injury, allow the souce to cool down if it is being stopped for removal
from the instrument.
To stop the source
WARNING! Hot Surface. Some surfaces of the source become hot
during operation. Allow the source to cool before starting any
maintenance procedures.
1. Finish or abort any ongoing scans.

2. Stop the LC or syringe pump.
3. In the Analyst software, put the system in Standby mode. For more
information on Standby mode, refer to the Analyst online Help.
Removing the Source

The source housing must be completely disconnected from the mass
spectrometer before performing any required maintenance, or
adjustments to the source or probe. Use the following procedure to
remove the source from the mass spectrometer.
To remove the source
1. Once the source has been stopped, allow it to cool sufficiently.For

more information, see “Stopping the Source” on page 34
2. Rotate the two black latching handles upward to release the source
housing.
3. Pull the source housing gently away from the vacuum interface of
the instrument.
4. Place the source housing on a secure surface.
5. Disconnect the sample supply line from the splitter if you do not
intend to immediately re-install the source.
34
Removing the Probe

You will need to remove the probe to exchange probe types or to
perform maintenance on the probe.
To remove the probe
WARNING! Shock Hazard. Disconnect the source from the mass
spectrometer before starting any maintenance procedures.

1. Remove the source from the instrument. For more information, see
“To remove the source” on page 34.
2. Unscrew and remove the sample supply line from the source probe.
3. Unscrew the probe’s bronze retaining ring from the source probe
tower.
4. Gently pull the source probe straight up out of the housing. Do not
allow the tip of the probe to touch anything as you remove it. Place
the probe on a secure, clean area.
Installing the Probe

Follow this procedure when exchanging probes.
To install the probe
WARNING! Shock Hazard. Do not bypass the splitter connection.
The splitter provides safety grounding between the instrument
and the sample introduction device.
WARNING! Shock Hazard. When installing the source, install the

probe before you mount the source on the instrument.
35
Source Operation
CAUTION! To avoid damaging the probe, do not allow the

protruding electrode tip to touch any part of the source housing.
1. Remove the current probe. For more information on removing a

probe, see “Removing the Probe” on page 35.
2. Insert the probe into the orifice of the probe housing. Align the hole
on the probe with the alignment pin at the top of the housing.
3. Gently push down on the source probe to ensure aligning the
contacts with those in the tower.
4. Turn the bronze retaining ring over the probe, push it down to
engage its thread with the thread on the housing and then screw the
ring down all the way.
WARNING! Shock Hazard. Ensure that the source housing is

completely disconnected from the mass spectrometer before
proceeding.
Important! The source exhaust system will not function if the
probe is not properly connected.
5. Install the sample inlet line into the top of the probe. Thread the
the sample tube fitting finger tight.
36
Sample Inlet
Line
Probe
Splitter
Sample Supply Line
Sample inlet connection
WARNING! Shock Hazard. Do not bypass the splitter

connection. The splitter provides safety grounding between
the instrument and the sample introduction device.
6. Attach the sample inlet line connected to the top of the probe to the
splitter located at the front right of the source housing (when facing
the glass end window).
7. Attach the sample supply line from the supply device to the splitter.
37
Source Operation
38
4
Performance Test
Procedures
This topic describes the performance tests used to demonstrate the
performance level of the Turbo V™ source.
Meeting the test specifications ensures that the source is operating at an
optimal performance level. These tests should be run in any of the
following situations:
• After the source is first installed.
• After performing major maintenance to the source or to the
instrument.
• Whenever the operator is required to reassess the performance of
the source, that is before starting a project or as part of a standard
operating procedure).

System Setup
This topic contains the information that explains how to prepare the
instrument for the source performance tests.
Instrument Setup
Ensure that the host instrument has passed all specifications for Q1 PPG
and Reserpine (Q1 and MS/MS) testing and that it is fully optimized for
sensitivity. For more information, refer to the instrument’s installation
guide.
The initial setup and verification procedures, detector optimization,
verifying peak width with mass calibration and ion spray must be
39
Performance Test Procedures
performed before collecting any analytical data. For more information

on these procedures, refer to the Analyst online Help.
Injector Setup
The test solution requires a dedicated injector with a 5 µL loop and a
10 µL syringe. Perform a blank injection before starting the test to clean
the loop and avoid potential contamination from previous injections. To
minimize cross contamination, use a different syringe for each sample
Materials Required
You must prepare the following materials to complete the source
performance tests.
WARNING! Refer to all applicable Material Safety Data Sheets for

any necessary precautions before handling chemical solutions or
solvents. The technician who performs these tests must be fully
trained on instrument operation and laboratory safety procedures.
Mobile Phase
Required solvent: 70% acetonitrile (HPLC grade) and 30% deionized
distilled water.
The reserpine solution for the TurboIonSpray and APCI tests consists of
10 pg/µL of reserpine dissolved in the mobile phase of 70:30
acetonitrile:water and 2 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid.
Preparing the Test Solution

The reserpine solution for the TurboIonSpray and APCI tests consists of
10 pg/µL of reserpine dissolved in the mobile phase.
40
To prepare the test solution

CAUTION! All test solutions must be kept refrigerated. If for any
reason they are left out of the refrigerator for longer than 48 hours
new solutions must be used.
Important! Flush and sonicate the polypropylene Wheaton vials with

methanol before using them.
1. Prepare a 1 mg/mL stock in 1:1 methanol and ethyl acetate from
reserpine powder in a 4 mL brown glass vial.
2. In a 30 mL polypropylene Wheaton vial, add 100 µL of stock to 9.9
mL of methanol and then vortex it to yield a 10 ng/µL solution.
3. In a 125 mL polypropylene Wheaton vial, add 100µL of the 10
ng/µL solution to 100 mL of the mobile phase and then vortex it to
yield the 10 pg/µL test solution.
Equipment
You will need the following equipment to perform the test procedures:
• PE 250/HP LC pump or equivalent with 8125 Rheodyne injector
(5 µL loop).
• PEEK tubing 1/16" o.d. 0.005" i.d.
• Source (with TurboIonSpray and APCI probes)
• Syringe 250–1000 µL
Gas Requirements
Verify the following gas connections to the instrument:
• Curtain Gas supply is UHP nitrogen at 60 psi
• Source exhaust is Zero Air at 55–60 psi
• Gas 1 is Zero Air at 105 psi, or UHP nitrogen (preferred).
• Gas 2 is Zero Air at 105 psi, or UHP nitrogen (preferred).
Note: Using UHP nitrogen for the nebulizer gas provides
improved sensitivity compared to zero air.
41
Instrument Performance Test

The procedures in this topic should be carried out with reference to the
topics “Source Installation” on page 19 and “Source Operation” on
page 25 in this manual.

CAUTION! Run the Curtain Gas™ as high as possible to avoid

contaminating the test instrument.
Testing the Source in TurboIonSpray Mode

Before testing the source, select the TurboIonSpray probe from the
Source Parameter dropdown list, and then set the following parameters
for the instrument and the TurboIonSpray probe:
TurboIonSpray Test Procedure Parameter Settings
Parameter Nominal value Recommended range

Curtain Gas (CUR) 10 10 to 20
Nebulizer (Gas1) 50 20 to 70
Heater (Gas2) 50 30 to 80
Ion Spray (IS) 5000 V 1000 to 5500 V
Temperature (°C) 700 700 to 750
DP 100 70 to 140
In the Acquisition Method window of the Analyst software, set the

following scan parameters:
42
Scan Parameters
Parameter Value
Scan Mode MRM
Q1 609.2
Q3 195.1
Scan Time 200 ms
Duration 10 minutes
Note: Do not introduce any solvent flow before verifying that the
source has reached the temperature setting.
To test the TurboIonSpray mode performance
1. In the Analyst software, select the Method file optimized for
reserpine MS/MS.
2. Set the HPLC pump to deliver 0.2 mL/min of the mobile phase.
3. Connect the pump to the source through an injector equipped with a
5 µL loop.
4. Over-fill the 5 µL loop with 30–40 µL of 10 pg/µL reserpine
solution and perform several injections, while optimizing the
nebulizer gas (Gas1), turbo heater gas (Gas2), Curtain Gas, and
needle current for maximum signal intensity and stability.
5. Optimize the electrode extension through the tube, as well as the
vertical and horizontal position of the probe.
6. Once the source is optimized, inject 30–40 µL of 10 pg/µL of
reserpine solution while monitoring m/z 609/195.
7. Perform three consecutive injections and record the average
intensity.
8. Print a copy of the results.
To analyze the TurboIonSpray mode test results
1. Review the printed copy of the results.
2. Verify that the three injections of the 10 pg/µL solution of reserpine
have intensities greater than the required minimum specifications
for your specific instrument. Refer to the Installation Guide for
your instrument for these specifications.
3. If the source does not meet this specification, verify the following:
43
That the test solution has been prepared correctly.

That the LC pump and injector are operating correctly.
The source exhaust system is operating correctly.
If the instrument performance and the test solution have been verified
and the source still does not meet specification, call your local
Customer Service Representative.
Testing the Source in APCI Mode

Before running the performance test ensure that the following
parameters are set for the instrument and the APCI probe.
Set the following parameter settings when testing the source in APCI
mode.
APCI Test Procedure Parameter Settings
Parameter Nominal value Recommended range

Curtain Gas (CUR) 10 10 to 20
Gas1 25 20 to 50
Gas2 40 40
Needle Current (NC) 3 1 to 8
Temperature (°C) 350 300 to 550
In the Acquisition Method window of the Analyst software, set the

following scan parameters.
Scan Parameters
Parameter Value
Scan Mode MRM
Q1 609.2
Q3 195.1
Scan Time 100 ms
Duration 10 minutes
Note: Do not introduce any solvent flow before verifying that the
source has reached the temperature setting.
44
To test the APCI mode performance

1. In the Analyst software, select the Method file optimized for APCI.
2. Using the mobile phase, set the HPLC pump to deliver 1 mL/min.
3. Connect the pump to the source through an injector equipped with a
5 µL loop.
4. Over-fill the 5 µL loop with 30–40 µL 10 pg/µL Reserpine solution
and perform several injections, while optimizing the nebulizer gas
(Gas1), turbo heater gas (Gas2), Curtain Gas, and needle current for
maximum signal intensity and stability.
5. Optimize the electrode extension through the tube, as well as the
vertical and horizontal position of the probe.
6. Once the source is optimized, inject 30–40 µL of 10 pg/µL of
Reserpine solution while monitoring m/z 609/195.
7. Perform three consecutive injections and record the average
intensity.
8. Print a copy of the results.
To analyze the APCI mode test results
1. Review the printed copy of the results.
2. Verify that three injections of the 10 pg/µL solution of reserpine at a
flow rate of 1mL/min have intensities greater than the required
specifications for your specific instrument. Refer to the Installation
Guide for your instrument for these specifications.
3. If the source does not meet this specification, verify the following:
That the test solution has been prepared correctly.
That the LC pump and injector are operating correctly.
The source exhaust system is operating correctly.
If the instrument performance and the test solution have been verified
and the source still does not meet specification, call your Customer
Service Representative.
45
46
5
Source Maintenance
This topic describes the procedures for maintaining the Turbo V™
source and replacing consumable items.
CAUTION! To avoid damaging the equipment, use only the

recommended cleaning or decontamination methods.
Preparation for Maintenance

Perform general maintenance inspections to ensure safe operation of the
instrument. Carry out regular cleaning procedures to ensure that the
source remains in good working condition. Have periodic gas leakage
tests performed by your Customer Service Representative.


Removing the Source

The source housing must be completely disconnected from the mass
spectrometer before performing any required maintenance, or
adjustments to the source or probe. Use the following procedure to
remove the source from the mass spectrometer.
To remove the source
2. Shut down the sample flow supply.
47
Source Maintenance
3. Using the Analyst® software, put the instrument in Standby mode.

For more information on Standby mode, refer to the Analyst online
Help.
4. Allow the source to cool sufficiently.
5. Rotate the two black latching handles upward to release the source
housing.
6. Pull the source housing gently away from the source interface.
7. Place the source housing on a secure surface.
Source Component Cleaning

It is important to clean specific source components periodically to
ensure the source is functioning optimally.
Cleaning the Electrode

Use this procedure to remove the electrode for cleaning. If you cannot
successfully clean the electrode, use this same procedure to replace it
with a new part.
Note: This procedure applies to both the APCI and TurboIonSpray
probes.
The standard source probe setup uses a 100 µm (0.004") i.d. metal
sprayer tube. The electrode in the probe should be cleaned periodically,
particularly when there is a noticeable decrease in performance.
A 1/4 inch open-ended wrench is required to perform this maintenance
procedure on the source.
To clean the electrode
48

1. Remove the source from the instrument. For more information, see
“To remove the source” on page 47.
2. Unscrew and remove the sample supply line from the source probe.
3. Unscrew the probe’s bronze retaining ring from the source housing.
4. Gently pull the source probe straight up out of the housing. Do not
allow the tip of the probe to touch anything as you remove it. Place
the probe on a secure, clean area.
Electrode Adjustment Nut

Retaining Ring
Spring
Electrode
Peek Union
Probe - expanded view
5. Unscrew and remove the electrode adjustment nut.

Tip: Hold the probe with the tip pointing downwards so the spring
remains inside the probe as you withdraw the electrode.
6. Pull the PEEK union and attached electrode from the probe. See the
preceding figure for more details.
7. Using a 1/4 inch open-ended wrench, unscrew the retaining nut that
holds the electrode in the PEEK union, and then remove the
electrode from the retaining nut.
8. Clean the electrode with a 50:50 methanol/water solution, either by
running the solution through the electrode, or by soaking it in an
ultrasonic bath.
9. When the electrode is clean (or replaced with a new part),
reassemble the probe components.
10. Slide the retaining nut onto the electrode, and then insert the
electrode into the PEEK union fitting.
49
Source Maintenance
Note: Ensure that the electrode is placed as far into the PEEK
union fitting as it will go. A dead sample volume may be created if
there is a gap between the electrode and its seat inside the union
fitting.
11. Align the electrode with the narrow opening in the sprayer tube,
and then slide the PEEK union fitting and attached electrode into
the probe. Use care not to kink or bend the electrode.
Note: Ensure that the spring is still inside the probe. The spring is
essential for adjusting the electrode’s position with respect to the tip
of the sprayer tube.
12. Tighten the electrode nut onto the probe assembly.
13. Adjust the electrode tip extension to specification. For more
information see,“Setting the Electrode Extension” on page 50
14. Slide the source probe straight down into the housing, taking care
not to allow the tip of the probe to touch any part of the housing.
15. Push down the bronze retaining ring to engage its thread with the
thread on the housing and then screw the ring down all the way.
16. Install the sample inlet line in the top of the probe. Thread the
the sample tube nut finger-tight then tighten it one-quarter turn.
17. Install the source onto the mass spectrometer. For more information
about installing the source, see the topic “Installing the Source
Housing on the Instrument” on page 23.
Setting the Electrode Extension

For optimum stability and performance, the electrode extension
distance should be adjusted to specification, which is compound
dependent. This distance affects the shape of the sprayed cone and the
cone shape affects instrument sensitivity.
To set the electrode extension
• Adjust the black electrode adjustment nut on the top of the probe to
extend or retract the electrode inside the probe. The electrode tip
50
should extend between 0.5 and 1.0 mm from the end of the probe.
See the following figure for more details.
Probe
0.5 - 1 mm Electrode
Electrode extension adjustment
Source Component Replacement

The following procedures explain how to replace source components,
when required.
Replacing the Corona Discharge Needle

Follow this procedure to avoid contact with the high voltages applied to
the corona discharge needle and the curtain plate.


WARNING! The tip of the needle is extremely sharp. Take care to

handle it safely.
To replace the corona discharge needle

2. Allow the probe to cool, then remove the sample tubing, probe, and
housing. For more information, see “Cleaning the Electrode” on
page 48.
51
Source Maintenance
3. Orient the source with its back towards you.

4. While holding the needle, unscrew the retaining screw at the top of
the needle.
5. Locate the spring clip that holds the needle against the base of the
probe tower. Carefully slide the clip off the tower base and the
needle.
6. Pull the needle gently towards the exhaust port, then remove the
needle through the exhaust port.
7. Insert the new corona discharge needle through the exhaust port.
8. Slide the needle fully into the holding tube, and then thread the
needle retaining nut onto the top of the needle.
9. Slide the spring clip into place so it holds the needle against the
base of the probe tower.
10. While holding the tip of the needle tighten the retaining nut until
finger tight.
11. Reassemble the source housing, insert the probe, and then install
the source on the instrument.
52
A
Source Parameters
This topic describes the operating parameters for the Turbo V™ source.
The tables in this topic contain information about individual parameters
that can be optimized. The parameters listed here are generally the only
ones that need to be optimized. For more information see,“Source-
Dependent Parameters” on page 54
Depending on the source installed on the instrument, different source-
dependent parameters will be available to optimize. The default
parameters available for each probe are listed in the following table.
Default Source-Dependent Parameters
TurboIonSpray probe APCI probe

GS1 GS1
GS2 n/a
TEM TEM
CUR CUR
IS NC
ihe ihe
Use the table, “Source-Dependent Parameters” on page 54, when you

perform optimization procedures for source-dependent parameters:
• “TurboIonSpray Optimization” on page 28
• “APCI Optimization” on page 30
Descriptions and Typical Values for Source-

Dependent Parameters
This topic describes source-specific parameters. These parameters are
configured to further optimize the source performance after the probe
adjustments are completed. You can adjust parameters manually or
using the Analyst Quantitative Optimization wizard. For more
information, refer to the Analyst software online Help.
53
Source Parameters
The Analyst software provides the capability to select either of the two
probes, on a per experiment basis. All of the data acquired using the
source is identified by the probe used to acquire the data.
The positioning of the probe in the source can have a significant impact
on the sensitivity of the analysis. For more information on how to
optimize the position of the probe, see “TurboIonSpray Optimization”
on page 28 and “APCI Optimization” on page 30.
Source-Dependent Parameters
Param Access
Name Range Typical value
ID ID
GS1 GS1 Gas 1 0 to 90 psi 20 to 60 psi
The GS1 parameter controls the nebulizer gas for the TurboIonSpray probe and
the auxiliary gas for the APCI probe. It helps generate small droplets of sample
flow and affects spray stability and sensitivity. For more information on
optimization steps, see “To optimize Gas 1 (nebulizer gas) using FIA” in the
Tuning, Calibrating, and Optimizing Guide for your instrument. or “To optimize
Gas 1 (auxiliary gas) using FIA” in the Tuning, Calibrating, and Optimizing
Guide for your instrument.
GS2 GS2 Gas 2 0 to 90 psi 30 to 70 psi
The GS2 parameter controls the auxiliary, or turbo, gas for the TurboIonSpray
probe. It is used to help evaporate the spray droplets. GS2 works in conjunction
with the TEM parameter. The best sensitivity is achieved when the combination
of temperature (TEM) and turbo-gas (GS2) flow rate causes the LC solvent to
reach a point at which it is nearly all vaporized. To optimize GS2, increase the
flow until you obtain the best signal-to-noise ratio. If you see a significant
increase in background noise, reduce the value. Too high a temperature can cause
premature vaporization of the solvent at the TurboIonSpray probe tip, especially
if the probe is set too low (5 to 13 mm). Too high gas flow could produce a noisy
or unstable signal. For more information on optimization steps, see “To optimize
Gas 2 (Turbo gas) Flow using FIA” in the Tuning, Calibrating, and Optimizing
This information does not apply to the APCI probe.
TEM TEM Temperature 0 to 750 600
54
Source-Dependent Parameters (cont’d)
Param Access
ID ID
The TEM parameter controls the temperature of the turbo gas in the
TurboIonSpray® probe, or the temperature of the APCI probe. It is used to help
evaporate the solvent to produce gas phase sample ions. TEM works in
conjunction with the GS2 parameter used for the TurboIonSpray probe. The best
sensitivity is achieved when the combination of temperature (TEM) and turbo gas
(GS2) flow rate causes the LC solvent to reach a point at which it is nearly all
vaporized. When optimizing the temperature, use a step size of 25 °C and leave
time between steps to allow the source to stabilize. For more information on
optimization steps, see “To optimize TurboIonSpray probe temperature using
FIA” in the Tuning, Calibrating, and Optimizing Guide for your instrument or
“To optimize the APCI probe temperature using FIA” in the Tuning, Calibrating,
and Optimizing Guide for your instrument.
CUR CUR Curtain Gas 10 to 50 psi 10 psi
The CUR parameter controls the gas flow of the Curtain Gas™ interface. The
Curtain Gas interface is located between the curtain plate and the orifice. It
prevents solvent droplets from entering and contaminating the ion optics. The gas
flow should be maintained as high as possible without losing sensitivity. For more
information on optimization steps, see “To optimize the Curtain Gas interface” in
the Tuning, Calibrating, and Optimizing Guide for your instrument.
NC NC Nebulizer, or –5 to 5 –2 in negative mode
Needle Current 2 in positive mode
The NC parameter controls the current applied to the corona discharge needle in
the APCI probe. The discharge ionizes solvent molecules, which in turn ionize
the sample molecules. For the APCI probe the current applied to the corona
discharge needle (NC) usually optimizes over a broad range (about 1 to 5 µA). To
optimize, start at a value of 1 and increase until you achieve the best signal-to-
noise ratio. If, on increasing the current, you observe no changes in signal, leave
the current at the lowest setting that provides the best sensitivity (for example, 2
µA). For more information on optimization steps, see “To optimize the NC
(nebulizer or needle current)” in the Tuning, Calibrating, and Optimizing Guide
for your instrument.
IS IS IonSpray Voltage –4500 to 5500V –4000V in negative
mode, 5000 in
positive mode
55
Source Parameters
Source-Dependent Parameters (cont’d)
Param Access
ID ID
The IS parameter controls the voltage applied to the needle that ionizes the
sample in the ion source. It depends on the polarity, and affects the stability of the
spray and the sensitivity. For more information on optimization procedures, see
“To optimize TurboIonSpray probe voltage using FIA” in the Tuning, Calibrating,
and Optimizing Guide for your instrument.
ihe ihe `Interface Heater off; on on
The ihe parameter switches the interface heater on and off. Heating the interface
helps maximize the ion signal and prevents contamination of the ion optics.
Unless the compound you are analyzing is extremely fragile, it is recommended
to heat the interface. With the Turbo V™ source, the interface plate is heated to
100 °C.
56
B
Troubleshooting
This appendix contains troubleshooting tips for the Turbo V™ source.
Turbo V Troubleshooting
Symptom Possible cause Solution

Instrument does not Probe is not Install the probe. See,“To install
run. installed. the probe and source housing”
on page 22
Instrument will not Probe is not Remove and replace
go into standby connected securely. probe.Tighten the probe
(yellow) mode. connection bronze ring
securely.
Shows APCI source F3 Fuse is blown. Replace F3 fuse. If the F3 fuse
in Analyst®when is OK, there is a short between
TurboIonSpray the wiring and the housing.
probe is installed. Contact your Customer Service
Representative.
Spray is not uniform. Electrode may be Clean or replace electrode. See,
blocked. “To clean the electrode” on
page 48
Poor sensitivity. Presence of solvent Optimize the Curtain Gas™.
vapor or other See, “To optimize the Curtain
known compounds Gas interface” in the Tuning,
in analyzer region. Calibrating, and Optimizing
High background Temperature too Optimize heater gas flow.
noise. high.
High background High heater gas Optimize heater gas flow.
noise. flow.
Arcing or sparks. Corona discharge Turn corona discharge needle
needle position is toward the curtain plate, and
incorrect. away from the stream of heater
gas. See,“To optimize the
position of the corona discharge
needle” on page 31
57
Troubleshooting
58
C
Parts List
The following table lists the orderable parts for the Turbo V™ source.
Turbo V Consumables Kit
Part no. Description Quantity

027947 HN Needle kit Each
025388 HN electrode Each
025392 TurboIonSpray electrode Each
016316 Red peek tubing (0.005 "bore) Qty in cm Cm.
016485 Tan peek tubing (0.0025" bore) qty in cm Cm.
016325 Brown peek fitting Each
018786 Union insert (0.15mm bore) Each
019675 TEE insert (0.25 mm bore) Each
Turbo V Spares

027946 TurboIonSpray heater kit Each
027950 HN Electrode kit Each
027953 TurboIonSpray Electrode kit Each
Turbo V Customer Orderable Option

027460 HN probe assembly Each
027461 TurboIonSpray probe assembly Each
59
Parts List
60
D
Principles of Operation
This appendix contains information that explains how the Turbo V™
source generates ions.
Ion Evaporation
Only compounds that ionize in the liquid solvent can be generated as
gas phase ions in the source. The efficiency and rate of ion generation
depends on the solvation energies of the specific ions. Ions with lower
solvation energies are more likely to evaporate than ions with higher
solvation energies.
Droplet contains As the solvent At some critical Non-volatile residue
ions of both polarities evaporates the field value, ions remains as a dry
with one polarity electrical field increases are emitted from particle
being predominant and the ions move the droplets
to the surface
+ +
- -
+ +- + + ++ --
+
-- + ++++-
+ +-+ + + ++
- + -+
-+- + +
-+ +
+ +
- +
+
Ion evaporation
Each charged droplet contains solvent and both positive and negative
ions, but with ions of one predominant polarity. As a conducting
medium, excess charges reside at the droplet’s surface. As the solvent
evaporates, the electrical field at the surface of the droplet increases due
to the decreasing radius of the droplet.
If the droplet contains excess ions and enough solvent evaporates from
the droplet, a critical field is reached at which ions are emitted from the
surface. Eventually, all of the solvent will evaporate from the droplet,
leaving a dry particle consisting of the nonvolatile components of the
sample solution.
Given that the solvation energies for most organic molecules are
unknown, the sensitivities of any given organic ion to ion evaporation is
difficult to predict. The importance of solvation energy is evident
61
because surfactants that concentrate at the surface of a liquid can be

detected very sensitively.
Ionization Modes
The following paragraphs explain the differences between
TurboIonSpray and APCI modes.
APCI mode
The following figure shows the general location of the ion-molecule
reactor of the API probe.
Ceramic
Tube Curtain Gas
Curtain Orifice Plate

Gas
Discharge
Needle Tip
Orifice
Curtain Plate
Wall-less Orifice
Reactor
Curtain
Gas
Curtain Gas
Sample Flow
APCI ionization region
The slanted lines in the figure indicate a wall-less reactor. A self-

starting corona discharge ion current in the microampere range is
created as a result of the electric field between the discharge needle and
the curtain plate. Primary ions, for example, N2+ and O2+ are created by
the loss of electrons that originate in the plasma in the immediate
vicinity of the discharge needle tip. The energy of these electrons is
moderated by a number of collisions with gas molecules before
attaining an energy where their effective ionization cross-section allows
them to ionize neutral molecules efficiently.
The primary ions, in turn, generate intermediate ions that lead to the
formation of sample ions. Ions of the chosen polarity drift under the
62
influence of the electric field in the direction of the curtain plate and
through the gas curtain into the mass analyzer. The whole ion formation
process is collision dominated because of the relatively high
atmospheric pressure of the APCI probe. Except in the immediate
vicinity of the discharge needle tip, where the strength of the electric
field is greatest, the energy imparted to an ion by the electric field is
small in comparison with the ion’s own thermal energy.
Through collisions, an equal distribution of certain ions (for example,
protonated water cluster ions) is maintained. Any excess energy that an
ion may acquire in the ion-molecule reaction process is thermalized.
Through the process known as collisional stabilization, many of the
product ions are fixed, even though many subsequent collisions occur.
Both product ion and reactant ion formation are governed by
equilibrium conditions at 760 torr (atmospheric) operating pressure.
The APCI probe functions as a wall-less reactor since the ions that pass
from the source to the vacuum chamber and eventually to the CEM ion
detector never experience collisions with a wall-only collisions with
other molecules. Ions are also formed outside the designated API
source, but are not detected and are eventually neutralized by
interacting with a wall surface.
The temperature of the probe is an important factor for APCI probe
operation. The temperature must be set high enough to ensure a rapid
evaporation. At a sufficiently high operating temperature, the droplets
are vaporized quickly so that organic molecules are desorbed from the
droplets with minimal thermal degradation. If, however, the
temperature is set too low, the evaporation process is slower and
pyrolysis, or decomposition, may occur before vaporization is
complete. To preserve the molecular identity, the temperature of the
probe must be set to ensure rapid evaporation. Operating the APCI
probe at temperatures above the optimal temperature may cause thermal
decomposition of the sample.
The previous figure, APCI ionization region, shows the reaction flow of
the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) process for
reactant positive ions (the proton hydrates, H3O+[H2O]n). This
sequence is derived from experimental results summarized by Huertas
and Fontan (Huertas, M.L. and J. Fontan 1975 “Evolution Times of
Tropospheric Positive Ions,” Atmospheric Environ. 9, 1018.).
The major primary ions N2+, O2+, H2O+, and NO+ are formed by the
electron impact of corona-created electrons on the major neutral
63
components of air. Although NO is normally not a major constituent of

clean air, the concentration of this species in the source is enhanced due
to neutral reactions initiated by the corona discharge.
Samples that are introduced through the APCI probe are sprayed, with
the aid of a nebulizing gas, into the heated ceramic tube. Within the
tube, the finely dispersed droplets of sample and solvent undergo a
rapid vaporization with minimal thermal decomposition. The gentle
vaporization preserves the molecular identity of the sample.
The gaseous sample and solvent molecules pass into the Name of this
source housing where the ionization by APCI is induced by a corona
discharge needle attached to the end of the ceramic tube. The sample
molecules are ionized by colliding with the reagent ions created by the
ionization of mobile phase solvent molecules. The vaporized solvent
molecules ionize to produce the reagent ions [X+H]+ in the positive
mode and [X-H]– in the negative mode. It is these reagent ions that
produce stable sample ions when they collide with the sample
molecules.
TurboIonSpray Mode
The TurboIonSpray probe uses a turbo heater to blow hot, dry ultrahigh
purity (UHP) nitrogen. The TurboIonSpray probe is located centrally
adjacent to a turbo heater placed at a 45° angle to the side. The
combination of IonSpray effluent and the heated dry gas from the turbo
heater are projected at a 90° angle to the orifice in the curtain plate.
The interaction between the IonSpray and the turbo heater helps focus
the TurboIonSpray stream and increases the rate of droplet evaporation
resulting in an increased ion signal. The heated gas increases the
efficiency of ion evaporation resulting in increased sensitivity, that is, it
produces higher ion intensities, and the ability to handle higher liquid
sample flow rates.
A high-velocity flow of nebulizer gas shears droplets from the liquid
sample stream in the IonSpray inlet. Using the variable high voltage
applied to the sprayer, each droplet receives a net charge and this charge
aids in the droplet dispersion. Ions of a single polarity are preferentially
drawn into the droplets by the high voltage as they are separated from
the liquid stream. However, this separation is incomplete, and each
droplet contains many ions of both polarities. Ions of one polarity are
predominant in each droplet, and the difference between the number of
positively or negatively-charged ions results in the net charge. Only the
64
excess ions of the predominant polarity are available for ion

evaporation, and only a fraction of these actually evaporate.
The polarity and concentration of excess ions depends on the magnitude
and polarity of the high-voltage potential applied to the sprayer tip. For
example, when a sample contains arginine in a water-acetonitrile
solution and a positive potential is applied to the sprayer, the excess
positive ions will be H+ and MH+ arginine.
The TurboIonSpray can generate multiple-charged ions from
compounds that have multiple charge sites, such as peptides and
oligonucleotides. This is useful when observing high molecular-weight
species where the multiple charges produce ions of a mass-to-charge
(m/z) value within the mass range of the instrument. This allows routine
molecular-weight determinations of compounds in the kilodalton (kDa)
range.
65
66
Index
A flow injection analysis 17
APCI mode
described 62 G
source testing 44
APCI probe GS1 (Gas 1) 54
cleaning 48 GS2 (Gas 2) 54
features 20
functions of, described 63
inlet description 14 H
optimizing 30
optimizing the source 31 heated nebulizer. See APCI probe
probe selection 19
source testing 44
I
injector setup for source testing 40
C introducing the sample 17
components ionization modes, described 62
corona discharge needle 51 ions, overview of ion generation 61
electrode, maintaining 48 IS (IonSpray voltage) 55
corona discharge needle
optimizing 31
CUR (Curtain Gas interface) 55 L
LC/MS, sample introduction 17
E loop injector 17
electrode
adjusting 50 M
maintaining 48
exhaust pressure switch, testing 25 maintenance schedule 47
exhaust system 15
N
F NC (nebulizer or needle current) 55
features
APCI probe 20
TIS probe 20
FIA 17
67
Index
O maintenance of 47
parameters 30, 33, 53
optimizing preparing for installation 20
APCI probe 30 preparing for operation 25
automatic optimizing 30, 33, 53 removing 34, 47
corona discharge needle 31 source exhaust system, and interlocks
source for APCI probe 31 16
TurboIonSpray probe 28 source housing
TurboIonSpray probe, typical described 12
values 28 installing 21, 35
safety interlocks, function of 16
source testing
P APCI mode 44
parameters criteria for 39
source specific 30, 33, 53 injector setup 40
source testing in APCI mode 44 instrument setup 39
source testing in TIS mode 42 TIS mode 42
source-dependent source-dependent parameters. See
CUR (Curtain Gas interface) parameters
55
GS1 (Gas 1) 54
GS2 (Gas 2) 54 T
IS (IonSpray voltage) 55 TEM (temperature) 54
NC (nebulizer or needle temperature control, operating tips 17
current) 55
TIS mode
TEM (temperature) 54 described 64
parts list 59 source testing 42
prefiltered samples 17 TIS probe
probe cleaning 48
installing 21 features 20
function of, described 64
functionality described 14
S inlet description 14
parts, describe 14
sample introduction 17 probe selection 19
separation column 17 source testing 42
source TIS. See TurboIonSpray probe
cleaning 48 troubleshooting 57
corona discharge needle, TurboIonSpray probe
replacing 51 optimizing 28
electrode, cleaning 48 typical values for optimizing 28
exhaust system 15
features of 11
68

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Turbo V

Equipment built by MDS Sciex, a division of MDS Inc.,

About This Manual

Who This Manual Is For

How This Manual Is Organized

Appendix A: Source Parameters: This appendix describes the

WARNING! This symbol indicates a warning of potential physical

WARNING! Shock Hazard. This symbol indicates a warning of

WARNING! Hot Surface. This symbol indicates a warning of

WARNING! Biohazard. This symbol indicates a warning of

Important! Provides essential information for the completion of a

Federal Communications Commission

commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can

Why Use the Source

Features of the Source

Parts of the Source

• A mechanical assembly to position the probe vertically and

Turbo V source housing

TurboIonSpray Probe Parts

Retaining Ring (Bronze)

Electrode Adjustment Nut (Black)

APCI Probe Parts

Retaining Ring (Bronze)

Electrode Adjustment Nut (Black)

Source Exhaust System

Source Exhaust Port

Front Bulkhead Assembly

CURTAIN GAS SUPPLY

Exhaust Waste Out

WARNING! Hazardous Materials. Take all necessary precautions

Source Safety Interlocks

A safety interlock disables the instrument’s high-voltage power supply

WARNING! Shock Hazard. The source housing must be installed

Features of the TurboIonSpray probe

Preparing the Source For Installation

To prepare for initial installation

Installing the Probe in the Source Housing

To install the probe and source housing

Important! The Turbo V source accepts either the TurboIonSpray

CAUTION! To avoid damaging the probe, do not allow the

WARNING! Shock Hazard. Ensure that the source housing is

Sample Supply Line

Sample inlet connection

WARNING! Shock Hazard. Do not bypass the splitter

Installing the Source Housing on the

To install the source

Latch Latch Alignment

Before Operating the Source

CAUTION! Potential Instrument Damage. Ensure that the Auxiliary

Testing the Exhaust Pressure Switch and

WARNING! Potential Fire Hazard. Ensure the source exhaust is

CAUTION! Potential instrument damage. You must test the

Source Exhaust Port

Front Bulkhead Assembly

CURTAIN GAS SUPPLY

Exhaust Waste Out

Source exhaust system

TurboIonSpray Hardware Optimization

To optimize the TurboIonSpray probe position

TurboIonSpray Software Optimization

APCI Hardware Optimization

Parameter Typical value Operational range

To optimize the position of the corona discharge needle

That the test solution has been prepared correctly.