Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2 - Mesin DC
2 - Mesin DC
Listrik
Klasifikasi Motor Listrik
• DC power systems are not very common in the contemporary engineering
practice. However, DC motors still have many practical applications, such
automobile, aircraft, and portable electronics, in speed control
applications…
• An advantage of DC motors is that it is easy to control their speed in a
wide range.
• DC generators are quite rare.
• Most DC machines are similar to AC machines: i.e. they have AC voltages
and current within them. DC machines have DC outputs just because they
have a mechanism converting AC voltages to DC voltages at their
terminals. This mechanism is called a commutator; therefore, DC
machines are also called commutating machines.
The simplest DC rotating
machine consists of a single
loop of wire rotating about a
fixed axis. The magnetic field is
supplied by the North and South
poles of the magnet.
Rotor is the rotating part;
Stator is the stationary part.
We notice that the rotor lies in a slot
curved in a ferromagnetic stator core,
which, together with the rotor core,
provides a constant-width air gap between
the rotor and stator.
The reluctance of air is much larger than
the reluctance of core. Therefore, the
magnetic flux must take the shortest path
through the air gap.
Ketika motor bergerak pada posisi gambar kanan, arus kedua sisi akan berbalik, sebab sisi
b sekarang menyuplai arus positip melalui unshaded commutator segment. Arah gaya pada
masing masing sisi koil terbalik, denagn kata lain arah toesi akan berbalik. Pada periode
yang singkat ketika coil diluar pengaruh fluk dan comutasi tak terhubung, torsinya nol.
Rangkaian ekivalen motor DC digambarkan sebagai berikut :
+
V
V
V Eb Ia
(a) (b)
net voltage V − E b
Ia = = dimana Ra adalah resistansi jangkar
resis tan ce Ra
dPm/dIa = V – 2 IaRa = 0
IaRa = V/2
Juga V = Eb + IaRa dan Ia Ra = V/2
Maka Eb = V/2
IaRa = V/2
Eb = V/2
Ta I a
Motor DC sumber daya sendiri/ Self
Excited
• 1. motor shunt
• Pada motor shunt, gulungan medan
(medan shunt) disambungkan secara
paralel dengan gulungan dinamo (A)
seperti diperlihatkan dalam gambar
berikut. Oleh karena itu total arus
dalam jalur merupakan penjumlahan
arus medan dan arus dinamo.
• 2. Motor seri
• Dalam motor seri, kumparan medan (medan shunt) dihubungkan secara
seri dengan kumparan jangkar (A) seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambar 10.
Oleh karena itu, arus medan sama dengan arus jangkar. Berikut tentang
kecepatan motor seri (Rodwell International Corporation, 1997; L.M.
Photonics Ltd, 2002): Kecepatan dibatasi pada 5000 RPM