The House of Lords is the second chamber of UK Parliament.

It plays a
crucial role in examining bills, questioning government action and
investigating public policy. 
The House of Lords is the second chamber of the UK Parliament. It is independent from, and
complements the work of, the elected House of Commons. The Lords shares the task of
making and shaping laws and checking and challenging the work of the government.
The house of lords is an unelected house of parliament with different individuals sitting in there
are currently 800 members of the hol sitting in 2021. As the members are unelected, they are
appointed by the queen on the advice of the PM and the HOL appointment commision.The hol
currently operates as a reviewer of legislation created by HOC and complements the same
The house of lords is divided into the following
1 LIFE PEERS
 life peer is an honour given to individuals which cannot be inherited by the recipient’s children (in
contrast to a hereditary peer). and entitle holders to sit in the House of Lords under the style and dignity
of Baron (male) or Baroness (female).In Britain, a life peer is a person who is given a title such as '
Lord' or ' Lady' which they can use for the rest of their life but which they cannot pass on when
they die. Traditionally peerages are awarded to individuals on retirement from important
public offices, such as the Prime Minister, Speaker of the House of Commons and the
Archbishop of Canterbury and York.
2 HERIDITARY PEERS
The hereditary peers form part of the peerage in the United Kingdom. As of 2021 there are 810
hereditary peers: 30 dukes (including six royal dukes), 34 marquesses, 191 earls, 112
viscounts, and 443 barons (disregarding subsidiary titles).
3 26 SENIOR BISHOPS OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

The House of Lords

At the beginning of 2013 the House of Lords consisted of:

- About 90 hereditary peers;

- About 700 life peers; and

- The most senior bishops in the Church of England.

• Note that the 12 senior justices first sat in the House of Lords.
However, they no longer sit in the House of Lords. Like the
Supreme Court, they are now independent of the Parliament.

• The majority of the House of Lords members were initially

hereditary peers. The granting of a lifelong rank (a life peerage)
became more widespread during the 20th century.

•  The prime minister appointed people to be given a title for

their entire life, but this title would not be passed on to their
kids. Later, the title was given by the crown (king/queen)

• Thus, people who had served this country and were believed
to be appropriate House of Lords members were capable of
bringing their knowledge and experience to the House.

• Former politicians who had decided to retire from the House of

Commons were given most life peerages. For reference,
Margaret Thatcher was given the title of a life peer, since she
had been prime minister in the 1980s.

Reform of the House of Lords

• In 1999, the House of Lords had more than 1,100 members,

750 of whom were hereditary peers. The Labor party agreed
that a hereditary title should not necessarily require someone to
be involved in making Legislation in modern society. 

• They felt it was necessary to elect some of the representatives

and appoint some of them. 

• A Royal Commission (referred to as the Wakeham

Commission) was created to assist in deciding exactly what
policies should be created to pick representatives for the House
of Lords. Also, in November 1999, many hereditary peers'
privilege to sit in the House of Lords was revoked.

• Less than 100 hereditary peers were eligible to be the

representative of the House of Lords.

• In 2000, the Wakeham Commission published, proposing the

appointment of one-third of the House. It should also restrict the
political patronage structure by which the prime minister
appoints individuals to the House of Lords.  (Very important]

• The Commission suggested that an impartial selection

commission of the House of Lords would screen all those
elected to the House of Lords. It should also be necessary for
the Commission to nominate' people's peers.'

• Established in 2000, the House of Lords Appointments

Commission advised the first so-called peers of the people to
be appointed to the House of Lords in 2001. 

• These were intended to be regular people that other ordinary

citizens had suggested. The list, however, was predominantly of
people already known, rather than' Mr. Joe Public.'
• This was supposed to be a simple measure as the
government worked on the House of Lords' new makeup.

•  Nevertheless, there were conflicting views about whether any

of the House of Lords should be chosen by the general public
and how many (and by whom) should be appointed.

•  As a result, the House of Lord's restructuring was not

accomplished.

Remember these reforms. They will make you stand out fro