Lab 10 Blood and the Heart BIO202L

Student Name:
Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit):
Pre-Lab Questions:
“1. Research the process of erythropoiesis and explain the role erythropoietin plays. Why is this
a popular “doping” drug for athletes? Erythropoiesis is a process where red blood cells are
produced, the more red blood cell in the body the slower they will break down the calories
during running and the more oxygen they got.

“2. How would the hemoglobin content differ in a person living in Philadelphia (Elevation: 39
feet) compared to someone living in Denver (Elevation: 5280 feet)? Why? Hemoglobin content
for a person living in Denver will be high than that living in Philadelphia, because there is higher
elevation thus less oxygen in the air. “

Experiment 1: Heart Valves and Pumps Table 2: Experimental Observations

Observations (without valve) and mL H2O

Observations (with valve) and mL H2O Displaced?
Displaced?

More water came out with side with the valve Less water came out with the side without valve
than without,water displaced is 70ml. compared to with valve, water displaced is 29ml.

Post-Lab Questions
“1. What happened when you pressed on the balloon stretched over the jar? What does this
result represent? When pressed it increase the air pressure inside pushes the water up the
straws and out of the jar. “
“2. What structure in this experiment mimics a heart valve? The valve on the balloon

“3. How did the valve influence the experimental results? If possible, indicate the difference (in
mL) in water displaced with the valve versus without the valve. Does the valve enhance the
water flow, and why? More water came out on the balloon with valve compared without valve,
I believe this is because the valve didn’t allow air in, the straw was always filled with water.

“4. What other organs or body systems incorporate valves? How are they used? The heart
valves. The valves allow blood to be pushed in different directions around the body.
Lab 10 Blood and the Heart BIO202L

Experiment 2: Effect of Chelation Therapy on Arterial Plaque Levels

Table 3: Eggshell Observations

Day Water Observations 4% EDTA Observations 8% EDTA Observations

The egg shell changed color

There was some bubble There was some bubbles from reddish brown to light
1
obsevered obsevered. brown,no bubbles were
obsevered.

Bubble obsevered around the Bubbles obsevered and the The egg shell changed to a
2
egg shell egg shell is foating light brown color

The egg shell has change color

Bubbles around the egg shell Bubbles around the shell and
3 to right brown and the egg
and the egg shell is hard the egg shell is so soft
shell is very shot,

Bubbles around the shell, the

The eggs shell is very soft and
Bubbles around the egg shell egg shell is pealing off the
4 flexible while some oft he part
and the egg shell is hard reddish brown pigment and
of the egg shell hard.
the egg shell is foating.

Bubble around the egg shell, The egg shell is very soft and
Bubbles arrouind the egg shell
5 the skin is peeling off and the felxible while some part oft he
and it hard
egg shell is sloating. egg shell are hard

The egg shell is soft to touch

Bubbles around the egg and flexible,has changed color
Bubble around the egg shell
6 shell,the skin is peeling off and to light brown and part oft he
and its hard to touch.
the egg shell is soating. egg shell is hard wile part are
not.

The egg shell is soft to touch

Bubbles around the egg and flexible,has changed color
Bubbles around the egg shell
7 shell,the skin is peeling off and to light brown and part oft he
and its hard to touch
the egg shell is soating. egg shell is hard wile part are
not.

The egg shell is soft to touch

Bubbles around the egg and flexible,has changed color
Bubbles around the egg shell
8 shell,the skin is peeling off and to light brown and part oft he
and its hard to touch
the egg shell is floating egg shell is hard wile part are
not.

The egg shell is soft to touch

Bubbles around the egg and flexible,has changed color
Bubbles around the egg shell
9 shell,the skin is peeling off and to light brown and part oft he
and its hard to touch
the egg shell is soatin egg shell is hard wile part are
not.
Lab 10 Blood and the Heart BIO202L

Day Water Observations 4% EDTA Observations 8% EDTA Observations

The egg shell is soft to touch

No bubbles around the egg
10
shell and its hard to touch
Bubbles around the egg and flexible,has changed color
shell,the skin is peeling off and to light brown and part oft he
the egg shell is floating egg shell is hard wile part are
not.

The egg shell is soft to touch

No bubbles around the egg
11
shell and its hard to touch
Bubbles around the egg and flexible,has changed color
shell,the skin is peeling off and to light brown and part oft he
the egg shell is floating egg shell is hard wile part are
not.

The egg shell is soft to touch

No bubbles around the egg
12
shell and its hard to touch
Bubbles around the egg
and flexible,has completely
shell,the brown pigment on
changed color to light brown
the egg shell is completely off
and hard part oft the egg
and the hard part oft he
shell has completely fallen
eggshell is falling apart leaving
apart leaving behind a very
behind soft layer.
soft layer.

No bubles around the egg Has bubbles and most of the All the color is gone and it is
13
shell on in the water brown pigment si gone. very thin and flexible.

Has bubbles and most of the

No bubbles obsevered and the brown pigments is gone All oft he brown color is gone
14
brown pigments is still intact leaving the egg shell to be and ist very thin and flexible.
white in color

Post-Lab Questions
“1. Describe the differences you observed between the water beaker, the 4% EDTA beaker, and
the 8% EDTA beaker. The 4%EDTA beaker the egg has bubble around the egg shell and it kept is
brown color while 8% EDTA the color changed to brown to light brown and the egg shell is not
intact with the rest part.

“2. Does the beaker without EDTA serve as a positive or negative control? How do you know? I
think it serves as a negative control because the eggshell has not changed any allow or peeling
off the skin.
“3. Research and determine the composition of eggshell. State your findings below and indicate
why this composition makes eggshell a good material for EDTA to chelate. The eggshell is
Lab 10 Blood and the Heart BIO202L

composed of calcium carbonates. This composition makes a good material because the calcium
will help to hold on EDTA to chelate.

“4. EDTA is a synthetic amino acid, which the body perceives as a foreign substance. EDTA is
therefore delivered to the kidneys and removed from the body in urine. Explain how this
process also leads to the removal of heavy metals. By injecting EDTA to the body and then it
removes the heavy metals from the body.

“5. Based on your results, do you believe chelation therapy would be an effective treatment for
atherosclerosis? Support your argument with experimental evidence. Yes, I believe chelation
therapy would work because as we can see the 4% and 8% EDTA have some changes where one
the shell changes the color completely and while the other one the brown color of the egg shell
is peeling off which means that the EDTA can be used to completely remove any calcium
deposits in the artery as a treatment of atherosclerosis.

Experiment 3: Microscopic Anatomy of Blood

Post-Lab Questions
“1. What makes red blood cells unique, compared to other cells in the body? The hollow shape
and lack of nucleus makes them unique compared to other cells.
“
“2. How is new blood made? Through erythropoietin, is a process where red blood cells are
produced.

“3. What is the main function of platelets? To stop any bleeding. “

“4. Describe how the body stops bleeding. Platelets binds together and seal off any damaged
blood vessels.

“5. Sickle cells are named so because of their characteristic shape. What problems can this
shape cause? Sickle cells are crescent shaped red blood cell which can’t carry as much oxygen
and may have trouble moving through capillaries.

“6. Explain how the absence of a nucleus affects a red blood cell’s life span. Blood cells are
disposable, they are produced in bone marrow and the absence of nucleus creates more space
in red blood cell for it to carry oxygen.
Experiment 4: Blood Typing Experiment
Table 4: Blood Typing Results

A (Blood Sample A) B (Blood Sample B) C (Blood Sample C)

No clotting No clotting occurred

1 (Anti-A Serum) Clotting occurred
occurred
Lab 10 Blood and the Heart BIO202L

A (Blood Sample A) B (Blood Sample B) C (Blood Sample C)

2 (Anti-B Serum) No clotting occurred Clotting occurred No clotting occurred

3 (Anti-Rh Serum) Clotting occurred No clotting occurred No clotting occurred

Blood Type: Blood type B+ Blood type A+ Blood type AB+

Post-Lab Questions
“1. What determines blood type? It is determined by the antigens in the body.“

“2. What type of blood antigens are expressed if a person is blood type AB negative? A and B
antigens

“3. Why doesn’t a transfusion reaction occur the first time an Rh negative patient is exposed to
Rh positive blood? Because there are no antibodies in the blood on the first time.

Experiment 5: Virtual Model – The Heart Coloring Activity

Insert screenshot of the myocardium:

Insert screenshot of the mitral valve:

Lab 10 Blood and the Heart BIO202L

Post-Lab Questions
1. What component of the heart separates the left and right ventricles? It the interventricular
septum
2. Which is more superior: the arch of the aorta or the atrioventricular septum? The arch of the
aorta is more superior.
3. What component of the heart prevents the flow of the blood from the right ventricle to the right
atrium? The tricuspid valve.

Experiment 6: Sheep Heart Dissection

“Insert photo of dissected sheep heart showing at least one atrioventricular valve with your name and
access code handwritten clearly in the background: “

Post-Lab Questions
4. What surprised you about the anatomy of the sheep’s heart? I was very surprised when
dissecting the sheep heart it was so difficult to cut through, the other thing is how easy was to
see all heart chambers.
5. Research diseases of the heart valves. How might a valvular insufficiency affect heart function? How
would valvular stenosis (tightening or less ability to open easily) affect heart function? Rheumatic
heart disease. It depends on the heart valves problem. The valvular stenosis the valves fuses
together leading to the narrowing of the valve thus blood flow is reduced through the valve.