Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L

Student Name:
Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit):
Pre-Lab Questions
1. What is the function of the ureter? To collect urine that forms in the kidney and moves it to the
bladder.

2. Compare and contrast the male and female urethra. The male urethra the sphincter controls the
urine movement and semen while in female urethra the sphincter controls the urine movement
only. In males the urethra its longer while in female the urethra is shorter.

3. Describe the two layers of the kidneys. The two layers are the cortex and medulla. The cortex is
the outer layer, it has the majority of blood flow and contains the bowman’s capsule. Medulla is
the inside of the kidney and it has ducts that moves waste.

Experiment 1: Kidney Filtration

Table 1: Solutions Present in Each Container Before 60 Minutes Submersion

Solution Dialysis Tubing Beaker

Congo Red yes No

Yellow Food Coloring yes No

Table 2: Solutions Present in Each Container After 60 Minutes Submersion

Solution Dialysis Tubing Beaker

Congo Red yes No

Yellow Food Coloring No Yes

Post-Lab Questions
”1. What specific part of the kidney does the dialysis tubing represent? What is this part’s
function? The tubing represents bowman’s capsule which filtrates the blood.
”
Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L

”2. What does the yellow food coloring represent at the end of the experiment? What does the
Congo Red represent? The yellow food coloring represents the waste product and the congo
red represent blood.

”3. Why is it important that the kidney filters the blood? So as to remove any toxin and waste
products in the blood.”
Experiment 2: Urinalysis
Table 3: Urine Test

Test Normal Abnormal

Acidic Urine (below 4.5) - Diabetes, starvation, dehydration,

respiratory acidosis.
pH 4.5 - 7.5
Alkaline Urine (above 7.5) - Kidney disease, kidney failure, urinary
tract infection, respiratory alkalosis.

Glucose None Glucose present (red or green color after test); diabetes mellitus.

Protein None Protein present (violet color after test); kidney disease.

Yeast present (bubbles form after test); yeast infection in urinary

Yeast None
tract.

Large amount of ketones present (sweet smell of urine); starvation,

Little or
Ketones prolonged vomiting, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and other metabolic
None
disorders.

Table 4: Simulated Urine pH Test

Simulated Urine Sample pH

A 7
B 5
C 7
D 6

Table 5: Simulated Urine Glucose Test

Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L

Simulated Urine Sample Color Before Hot Water Bath Color After Hot Water Bath

A Blue Blue
B Blue Light orange
C Blue Right blue
D Blue Blue

Table 6: Simulated Urine Protein Test

Simulated Urine Sample Color Before Biuret Solution Color After Biuret Solution

A clear Light Blue

B Clear Light blue with salt crystals
C Clear Light blue
D Green Light blue

Table 7: Simulated Urine Yeast Test

Bubbles Before Hydrogen Bubbles After Hydrogen

Simulated Urine Sample
Peroxide? Peroxide?

A yes yes

B No No

C yes yes

D No No
Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L

Table 8: Simulated Urine Ketone Test

Simulated Urine Sample Odor Observation

A None

B None

C yes

D None

Fill in Tables 9 through 12. Refer to Table 3 to determine if each result was normal or abnormal.
If abnormal, include the data which indicates this (e.g., a pH of 3.2 means that glucose is
present). Using the test results from each of the urine samples, diagnose the condition(s), if
any, that each of the sample patients is experiencing. ”
Table 9: Sample A

Test Test Results

pH 7
Glucose Negative
Protein Negative
Yeast Negative
Ketones Negative
Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L

Table 10: Sample B

Test Test Results

pH 5
Glucose positive
Protein negative
Yeast negative
Ketones Negative

Table 11: Sample C

Test Test Results

pH 7
Glucose postive
Protein postive
Yeast negative
Ketones Positive

Table 12: Sample D

Test Test Results

pH 6
Glucose negative
Protein negative
Yeast negative
Ketones negative
Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L

Post-Lab Questions
”1. Using the results from each urine sample, along with Table 3, diagnose the condition(s), if
any, that each sample patient is experiencing.
Table 9 Diagnosis: No diagnose since the results shows everything is normal
Table 10 Diagnosis: Diabetic
Table 11 Diagnosis: Diabetic ketoacidosis
Table 12 Diagnosis: No diagnose since the results shows everything is normal.

2. If you were a doctor and a patient’s urinalysis came back with high level of glucose, ketones
and an acidic pH, what diagnosis would you immediately look into? Would be diabetic
ketoacidosis.
”
”3. If you were a doctor and a patient’s urinalysis came back with an alkaline pH and high levels
of protein, what diagnosis would you immediately look into? Would be definitely a UTI

”4. What other conditions can urine be used to test for? UTI, pyelonephritis,
glomerulonephritis, pregnancy, drug test or drug overdose and diabetes

Experiment 3: Virtual Model – The Urinary System

Insert screenshot of the prostate:

Insert screenshot of the renal medulla:

Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L

Insert screenshot of the renal pelvis:

Post-Lab Questions
1. Which component of the urinary system is more lateral: the left kidney or the urinary bladder?
The left kidney
4. Which component of the urinary system is a funnel shaped cavity formed by the union of
calices, ending in the ureter. The renal pelvis
5. What is the most superior component of the urinary system? The suprarenal gland
6. Where is the prostatic sinus in relation to the prostate? In the middle of the prostate.

Experiment 4: Fetal Pig Dissection of the Urinary System

1. Identify the labeled components of the kidney in the image below.
Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L

A -Renal medulla

B -renal pelvis

C – renal cortex

D – posterior renal vein

E – anterior renal vein

F – ureter

7. What is the function of the urinary bladder? Storing urine

Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L

8. What is the function of the adrenal glands? To produce hormones that helps to maintain salt in
our body.
9. Would you think the kidneys are highly vascularized? Why or why not? Yes, since the kidneys are
always filtering waste products from our bodies, they require a lot of blood flow.

10. Explain in detail the process by which urine is made. The three steps are, filtration, reabsorption
and secretion. In filtration the blood is filtrated in the bowman’s capsule, while in reabsorption
water and nutrients are put back into the bloodstream. Lastly the urine is secreted into the
urinary bladder.

Insert photo of your pig’s dissected kidney with your name clearly visible in the background: ”