Testing Simulated Urine for

Protein and Sugar

Introduction
Urinalysis is a very important diagnostic tool for doctors. By physical,chemical,and visual examination of
the sample the doctor can find the condition of the body. If certain elements are present in the urine,
then the body may have a disease. For example, protein in the urine can be a kidney problem, and a

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concentration of glucose can be diabetes. In our lab, we will analyze 3 patients urine samples for glucose
and protein.
Question
How does the detection of sugar or protein in the urine aid in the diagnosis of certain conditions?
Purpose
To test simulated urine samples from three “patients” as a medical technologist in order to detect the
presence of glucose and/or protein.
Hypothesis
If our experiments detect a certain level of glucose or protein in our urine samples, then it can be
concluded that the patient has a condition that is either caused abnormal levels of either protein or
glucose.By adding benedict's solution,if our sample changes to a specific colour,then they may have
diabetes. By adding biurets solution, if the sample turns blue or purple,then the patient may have a
urinary infection,or kidney disease.
Materials
● 8 small test tubes
● Test-tube rack
● Marker
● 10 pipettes
● 3 simulated urine samples
● Positive control solution for sugar
● Benedict’s solution
● Hot water
● 600 mL beaker
● Positive control solution for protein
● Biuret reagent
● Tongs (or spoon)
Procedure
Part A: Testing for Glucose
1.Make a data table to record your results. Give your table a title.
2.Label three small test tubes 1G, 2G, and 3G for the samples from the three patients. Label the fourth
tube GC for the positive glucose control.
3. Use separate transfer pipettes to transfer 0.5mL of each of the simulated urine sample to test tubes
1G, 2G, and 3G. Transfer 0.5mL of the positive sugar control to test tube GC.
4. With a new transfer pipette, add 0.5mL Benedict’s solution to each test tube. Do not allow the pipette
to touch the samples. Tightly close the lid of each test tube.
CAUTION: Benedict’s solution is corrosive. Use extreme care when handling Benedict’s solution to avoid
getting it on your skin or clothing.
5. Carefully add hot water to your plastic foam cup until it is half full.
CAUTION: Use extreme care when working with hot water. Do not let the water splash on your skin or
clothes.

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6. Check each tube to make sure that it is tightly closed. Place the four tubes in the beaker with the hot
water. Leave the test tubes in the hot water bath for 5 min.
7. Remove the test tubes from the water bath and let them cool.
8. Record the colour of each test tube in your data table. If you need to take the tubes out of the water
to see the results clearly, use tongs or a spoon to lift the tube (or rack) out of the water.
9. Compare the colour of the following table of values to find the approximate concentration of glucose
in each tube. Record the approximate concentration in your table.
Colour Approximate Concentration (%)

Blue (no change) Negative result

Light Green .15 - 0.5

Olive Green 0.5 - 1.0

Yellow Green/Yellow 1.0 - 1.5

Orange 1-5 - 2.0

Red/Brown 2.0 or higher

Part B: Testing for Protein

10. Make a data table to record your results. Give your table a title.

Sample Results

- Colour Positive or Negative

11. Label three test tubes 1P, 2P, and 3P for the three patients. Label the fourth tube PC for the positive
protein control.
12. With separate transfer pipettes, transfer 1 mL of each simulated urine sample into test tubes 1P, 2P,
and 3P. Transfer 1 mL of the positive protein control to test tube PC.
13. With a new transfer pipette add 3 drops of Biuret reagent to each tube and close the caps tightly.
CAUTION: Biuret reagent is corrosive. Use extreme care when handling Biuret reagent to avoid getting it
on your skin or clothing.
14. Mix each tube by tilting it upside down. Observe the test tubes after 1 min. If proteins are present,
Biuret reagent changes colour from light blue to deep blue or purple. Record the results in Data Table 2.

Results of Experiment
Data Table 1: Glucose Presence Test
Sample Results

Colour Approximate Concentration (%)

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1G Blue Negative Result

2G Yellow 1.0 - 1.5

3G Blue Negative Result

GC Yellow 1.0 - 1.5

Data Table 2: Testing for Protein

Sample Results

Colour Positive or negative

1P Yellow Negative Result

2P Yellow Negative Result

3P Purple Positive Result

PC Purple Positive Result

Glucose Test Tubes Protein Test Tubes

1G 2G 3G GC 1P 2P 3P PC

Analyzing and Interpreting

After testing for all three patients, we can collect and confirm which person has what level of what.
Patient 1, had no change when the benedict solution was added. This means the patient does not have
excess glucose in their urine. This patient also tested negative for protein presence in urine as after
adding the biuret solution the samples colour stayed yellow. Patient two has a 1.0-1.5% concentration of
glucose in their urine, but they are negative for protein in their urine. Patient 3 had no concentration for
glucose in their urine, but they did test positive for protein in their urine.

Skill Practise
In preeclampsia, doing both urine test and blood pressure checking is very important for a pregnant
women. The prenatal examination can diagnose a women's complications. Both tests are necessary to be
completed because they work hand in hand. Checking blood pressure is important as by figuring out the
level of your blood pressure, the doctor can diagnose if there is a high chance of health problems or not.
This is significant as we are trying to diagnose high blood pressure. By doing a urine test, the doctor can

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see what nutrients that your body should be absorbing are not being absorbed and so the doctor can
track back the root of the problem. The concentration of glucose, or presence of protein in urine can
show the doctor what part of the body man not be functioning. Presence of protein would mean the
Kidneys may be leaking protein. Therefore, by doing both tests, a doctor can diagnose and disease early
by checking blood pressure, and confirm it with urine tests.

Conclusion
I accept my hypothesis, that if our experiments detect a certain level of glucose or protein in our urine
samples, then it can be concluded that the patient has a condition that is either caused abnormal levels
of either protein or glucose.By adding benedict's solution,if our sample changes to a specific colour,then
they may have diabetes. By adding biurets solution, if the sample turns blue or purple,then the patient
may have a urinary infection,or kidney disease. I find that high concentration of glucose, would mean
that the patient has diabetes. If there is protein present, then the body is not able to absorb protein
properly and is likely the kidneys fault. You could perform blood test,and stool test. Then you could look
at what stage in your body the nutrients such as protein, or glucose are facing a problem,or there is a
specific disease.It is a cheap and easy method. Also, it is easy for you to see what nutrients or elements
you body is not able to absorb,or what type of disease is in your body. So get on with the test, find some
urine, and find what's in your body.

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