10

English
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Types of Claims
English – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Formulating Various Types of Claims
First Edition, 2020

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 10
English
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Types of Claim
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the English – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on Formulating Various Types of Claim!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies

that will help you in guiding the
learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the English – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on Formulating Various Types of Claim!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what
you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you
in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This
aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to

solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

iii
 What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/
paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also
tends retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you develop your

discriminating and critical thinking skills because of the explosion of

knowledge and information brought about by modern technology. You

should learn to distinguish whether or not the information at hand suits

your purpose.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the different types of claim;

2. Enumerate the characteristics of a good claim;

3. React and respond to social and political issues; and

4. Formulate claims based on social and political concerns.

 What I Know

Direction: Read each item carefully and follow directions.

I. Match each term in Column B with the most appropriate description in

Column A.

Write only the letter of your answer.

A B
_____1. Claim of Value a. A statement of something that has
existed (past), exists (present), and will exist
(future)

_____2. Argument b. A statement based on preference such as

likes/ dislikes or good/ bad

_____3. Claim of Policy c. A statement which persuades, argues,

convinces, proves, or provocatively suggests
something to a reader who may or may not
initially agree with you

_____4. Claim d. It is supported by evidence, which can

be debated/challenged

_____5. Claim of Fact e. A statement that indicates that an

action must be taken in a specific policies.

II. Read the statements carefully. Identify whether each item is TRUE or
FALSE.

6. A claim should be general so that lots of evidence in the text will support
its argument

7. A claim should present a theme and provide 3 examples of that theme.

8. A claim should be specific and focused.

9. A claim should be argumentative and debatable.

10. A claim should be logical.

III. Analyze the statement given for each number. Tell whether the following
claim is of VALUE, FACT, OR POLICY.

_____11. Poverty can be solved by agricultural - intervention programs.

_____12. I believe that President Duterte is better than former President

Aquino.

_____13 Regular exercise is good for your health especially during this
pandemic.

_____14. Education is more valuable than wealth.

_____15. Contact tracing should be religiously done to suppress the spread

of CoVid-19.
 Lesson
Formulating Various Types
1 of Claim

Claims, Claims, Claims!

A claim persuades, argues, convinces, proves, or provocatively suggests

something to a reader who may or may not initially agree with you.

What a Claim Is

A claim is the main argument of an essay. It is probably the single

most important part of an academic paper. The complexity, effectiveness, and
quality of the entire paper hinges on the claim. If your claim is boring or
obvious, the rest of the paper probably will be too.
A claim defines your paper’s goals, direction, scope, and exigence
and is supported by evidence, quotations, argumentation, expert opinion,
statistics, and telling details.
A claim must be argumentative. When you make a claim, you are
arguing for a certain interpretation or understanding of your subject.
A good claim is specific. It makes a focused argument rather than a
general one.

As you go through this lesson, you will understand that to be able to react
and to respond on a certain issue, one must learn how to identify and to
analyze various types of claim.
 What’s In

To adapt an in- depth understanding of the lesson, you must learn how to

distinguish the main purpose of the author in his/ her statement whether it

is explicitly or implicitly stated.

In your previous years, you learned that authors write an article to persuade,

to inform, and to entertain. As shown in Figure 1. 1, these are the three most

common goal of a writer when writing.

Figure 1.1
source:https://ecdn.teacher
spayteachers.com/thumbite
m/Whats-The-Authors-
Purpose-Anchor-Chart-
1500875394/original-
496114-1.jpg
 Read and analyze the short passages below. Identify the author’s purpose
in each number. Write PERSUADE, INFORM, or ENTERTAIN on your
answer sheet.

1. Game night at our house was hilarious when we played Cranium with
two teams of three. Imagine Abram, the savvy surfer, doing an
impression of Marilyn Monroe singing "Happy Birthday." Or Dave, the
macho bodybuilder, swinging his hips and singing a medley of
Madonna's songs. But the most memorable was George's Cranium
Doodle hint for the architectural term "flying buttress." It was, well,
side-splittingly outrageous!

2. I don't think that students should be paid for good grades. Students
should just want to get good grades. It is also not fair to kids who work
hard but do not always get good grades on tests.

3. In naval aviation, the AWACS (Airborne Early Warning Command and

Control System) plane, or Hawkeye, serves as an air traffic controller,
monitoring the airspace around a carrier fleet. It is responsible for
surveillance of enemy aircraft and ships as well as directing
helicopters to survivors and guarding against air collisions. In addition
to servicing the Navy, Hawkeye planes have been used in rescue
operations of civilians during hurricane evacuations.

4. Tobacco companies should be forced to pay lucrative settlements to

anyone who has become addicted or adversely affected by the use of
their products. Anyone who has a loved one who has succumbed to
the temptation to use cigarettes can attest to the way the product can
swallow souls as well as consumers' wallets. The clinical evidence of
the devastation created by secondhand smoke is compelling enough
for legislators to consider legal action against the powerful
corporations. Unfortunately, tobacco companies have traditionally
provided strong financial support for many political candidates. Write
your congressional representative and express your outrage!

5. On Tuesday, scientists announced that they have identified the fossil

remains of the smallest dinosaur ever to roam North America. The
bones were discovered 30 years ago in Colorado.

6. Circadian rhythms have fascinated scientists for many years.

Recognizing that the eye nerves translate information to the brain
about the time of day, scientists observe that we adapt to the
conditions around us. Also, these researchers have recently
discovered that not everyone is alike. For example, teenagers are
nocturnal. That is, they are more active at night but do not function
as well early in the morning.
 7. The group turned down yet another hall that opened into a jungle-like
area with flowers and small trees and sunshine that filtered through
skylights and floor-to-ceiling windows.

8. "Filipinos don't realize that victory is the child of struggle, that joy
blossoms from suffering, and redemption is a product of sacrifice.” –
Dr. Jose Rizal

9. If you are interested in sharing your ideas with like-minded people

who can comment on your writing, you may want to try blogging.
Blogging is short for "Web logging," logging on to a Web site where you
can upload your writing and ask other "bloggers" to post their
comments.

10. Student – officers in our school created an online support for the
people who are locked up at home due to pandemic. Their program
was supported by most of the students and teachers not only in their
school but also from other schools.

Source: Author’s Purpose Quiz retrieved on October 2, 2020, retrieved at

https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=authors-purpose_6

Notes to the Teacher

This module will prepare the students to analyze ideas
conveyed by the speaker and be able to formulate their own claims
based on what they understand.
 What’s New
Read the article below. Be able to understand the purpose
of the writer and be ready to react on the situation that
follows.

Medical marijuana. A day after President R. Duterte joked about using marijuana
to keep him awake; he again reiterated his approval for the legalization of medical
marijuana.
A couple of years back, the President replied when asked by a television
reporter on the subject: “Medical marijuana, yes, because it is really an ingredient of
modern medicine. There are medicines being developed, or are now in the market,
that contain marijuana for medical purposes.”
Presidential Spokesman Salvador Panelo explained that the President was in
favor of “controlled” and “regulated use of marijuana for medical purposes.” The
President, however, strongly opposed to the use of marijuana as a recreational drug.
Newsweek believes 2018 will go down in history as “a year of global change.
This is as far marijuana—known in the science world as Cannabis sativa—is
concerned.
“We’ve seen massive changes overtake a global cannabis culture already
establishing itself at a remarkable pace,” the American magazine pointed out. “Canada
has joined Uruguay as the second country in the world to legalize cannabis for adult
use, markets in the US are growing with every election season, and even countries like
Lebanon—whose long-standing diplomatic efforts with the West and its drug warriors
caused a long tradition of excellent cannabis to fall by the wayside—are rethinking
their relationship to the plant.”
Former Health Secretary Jaime Galvez Tan, like the President, is in favor of
the legalization of medical marijuana. His reason: “More people in the Philippines are
suffering from epilepsy and other neurological disorders. It is safer and cheaper way
to treat patients.”
A word of advice: Don’t ever try to attempt to experiment with illegal drugs.
Here’s a final thought from the booklet: “It doesn’t take months or years to become
addicted to a drug. And once you are addicted, it can be extremely difficult and
painful to stop.”
Source: Henrylito D. Tacio, 8 Health Issues That Made Headlines In 2018, December 13, 2018,
Retrieved on October 03, 2020, retrieved at https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/12/13/8-health-
issues-that-made-headlines-in-2018/
 A. Let us check your understanding of the article cited. Answer in a

complete sentence the question that follows.

1. What is the selection about?

2. Is marijuana not bad at all for one’s health? Explain your answer.

3. Are you in favor of using cannabis in medicine? Why or why not?

4. Cannabis are very popular among the youth. What do you think

are the ways on how to avoid addiction in marijuana?

B. Complete the table by supplying the necessary information indicated

in each columns and rows.

Task Sample Expected Output Your Own Output

1. Make at least 2 Yes- No Is President Duterte in favor of 1.

Question based from the the legalization of medical 2.
article. marijuana?

2. Formulate 2 questions or It is not right for the president 1.

statements that will ask of the country to joke about 2.
you to choose whether or him using marijuana.
not something is good or
bad, or something that is
right or wrong.

3. Present in a question form What should be done to avoid 1.

or in a statement the plan drug addiction? 2.
of action that one must
take about the topic
indicated in the article.
Give at least 2 examples.
 What is It
What does the aforementioned activity reveal on how one can

state his/ her ideas? The previous article and the activities provided, enable

the learner to familiarize himself/ herself on how to formulate various types

of claim.

As given at the start of this module, claim is a question or a statement

that persuades, argues, convinces, proves, or provocatively suggests

something to a reader who may or may not initially agree with you.

There are three (3) types of claim, the claim of Fact, claim of Value,

and claim of Policy.

a. Claim of Fact - asserts that a condition has existed, exists, or will

exist. To support, use factual evidence that is sufficient, reliable, and

appropriate.

Examples:

1. Teens who engage in unrestrained, unprotected sex will develop

STDs, become pregnant, and/or contract AIDS.

2. Smoking is an addiction that people are genetically inclined to.

Three Dangers with Claims of Fact:

1. Might be too obvious of a fact (The leaves of the plants are green)

2. Might not contain enough emotion (persuasion)

3. Might be too universal/broad (To fix, add a qualifier, "Some

teens...)

b. Claim of Value - makes a judgment (subjective); expresses approval

or disapproval about something; attempts to show that something is

wrong/right, moral/immoral, beautiful/ugly. To support, you must establish

standards that you are using to measure the beauty or morality of your topic

Examples:

1. Homosexuality is immoral because it violates religious, societal, and

biological standards.

2. Monet's art is more beautiful than Picasso's because of its use of

soft color, uplifting subject matter, and unique technique.

c. Claim of Policy - argues that something SHOULD/SHOULD not be

done, believed, or banned and argues for a course of action. It is also called

as the Problem-Solution technique. To support, you must first convince the

audience that a problem exists and then prove that your policy will fix it.

Examples:

1. Uniforms SHOULD be required at all public high schools. (First

show the reader how awful the schools are now, and then explain

how your policy would be implemented and how it would work.

Source: GettingStarted in the Writing Process. Retrieved on Sept.16, 2020 retrieved

from https://www.sccollege.edu/Faculty/MRoe/Documents/english_103_notes.htm
 What’s More

At this point, you are expected to distinguish all three (3)

types of claim. Most probably, you can now single out statement that

indicates claim of value, policy, and fact.

In this activity, you need to make a clear choice on which claim is indicated

in each topic presented.

Activity 1. FACT, VALUE, POLICY. Analyze the statements below and write

your answers on your answer sheet.

1. I believe that tigers are better than lions.

2. IATF should implement a total liquor - ban at all times.

3. Love is more valuable than money.

4. Students should wear school uniforms during online classes.

5. President Digong did it!

6. It is better to work for a living than to live for your work.

7. Teen pregnancy can be solved by free sex education classes.

8. Regular exercise is good for your health.

9. Bad teen movie influences that promote suicidal tendencies should be

banned from airing.

10. Art is anything seen, heard, experienced or read that evokes some intense

reaction in the viewer.

Activity 2. QUOTES TO CLAIM. Study each quotation from famous writers

and speakers and answer the question that follow.

A. Character is like a tree and reputation like its shadow. The

shadow is what we think of it; the tree is the real thing.

(Abraham Lincoln)

1. What is the abstract subject of this claim?

_______________________________

2. State the essential claim in your own words.

_____________________________

B. The great enemy of the truth is very often not the lie,

deliberate, contrived, and dishonest, but the myth,

persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic. (John F. Kennedy)

3. What is the abstract subject of this claim?

_______________________________

4. State the essential claim in your own words.

_____________________________
 What I Have Learned

Communication is a vital process that needs to be delivered in an exact

manner by which both the listener and the speaker clearly state their

thoughts. For this reason, a precise statement can be made if the speaker

knows how to formulate his/ her claim.

To test your memory recall on the topic discussed in this module, a FILL –

IN - THE GAPS ACTIVITY is given below to wrap up the discussion of the

content of this material.

1.
Claim is a question or a ______________________ that persuades, argues,
2.
convinces, ____________, or provocatively suggests something to a
3. 4.
_____________ who may or may not initially ______________
4 with you.

There are three (3) types of claim, the claim of Fact, claim of Value, and claim

of Policy.

5.
a. ___________________ - asserts that a condition has existed, exists, or
4
will exist. To support, use factual evidence that is sufficient, reliable, and

appropriate.
 6.
b. ___________________ - makes a judgment (subjective); expresses
4
approval or disapproval about something; attempts to show that something

is wrong/right, moral/immoral, beautiful/ugly. To support, you must

establish standards that you are using to measure the beauty or morality of

your topic

7.
c. ____________________ - argues that something SHOULD/SHOULD not
4
be done, believed, or banned and argues for a course of action. It is also called

as the Problem-Solution technique. To support, you must first convince the

audience that a problem exists and then prove that your policy will fix it.
 What I Can Do

Now, it is your chance to formulate your own claim for a certain issue. In

this phase, you are equipped with skills to construct the various types of

claim.

Let us FORMULATE YOUR OWN! In this activity you will prepare for a

presentation of your output. The teacher encourages you to use any form of

graphic organizer in presenting your output which later on will be included

in your portfolio.

Here are the list of topics that you may choose from. Formulate your own

claims of fact, value, and policy.

1. Gay Marriage

2. The Corona Virus 2019

3. Build, Build, Build Project of the Government

4. The Uncontrollable Corruption In The Government

5. Overcoming Stress And Anxiety Among The Youth

Remember! Your output must include the following details:

a. The various types of claims, preferably all the three in your topic.

b. It must have suffice evidences to answer the arguments raised.

c. Your own perspective must be shown clearly in your statement.

 Assessment
Read the excerpt from an online news article. Digest the
issue being discussed in the passage.

SHAME NEVER SLEEPS: UPDATING THE FACEBOOK TIMELINE AND

SCARF

“Facebook Has Been a Disaster for the World”.

The New York Times has run many, many headlines that are critical of
Facebook over the years, but this one, published on September 18, takes
the cake.

It feels surreal, seeing language generally reserved for atomic weapons,

world wars, and other existential threats used to describe a social media
network – and by one of the world’s most widely read newspapers no less.
But this is what Facebook has brought us to, and the facts speak for
themselves.

Facebook has become a “a powerful vector for paranoia, propaganda and

conspiracy-theorizing as well as authoritarian crackdowns and vicious
attacks on the free press,” writes Jamelle Bouie. “Wherever it goes, chaos
and destabilization follow.”

This, as they say, is not hyperbole. The evidence bears it out, as you can
see in our chronological compendium of the company’s harmful misdeeds
beginning with the Cambridge Analytica scandal in March 2018.

In the last two months alone, Facebook has flunked its own civil rights
audit for allowing false and inflammatory posts from people in power, and
for pretending that hate speech and other noxious content are a form of
free speech in need of protection. It has failed to stop global health
misinformation on a staggering scale, with content from leading
misinformation sites receiving more views than legitimate health sites
such as the CDC and the WHO. And, it has added Ethiopia to its list of
countries in which it has helped to incite genocidal violence.

Facebook has made endless claims about cleaning up the conspiracy

theories, hoaxes, outright lies, and other forms of misinformation that
bring all this misery to the world. But these claims are themselves
misinformation, for misinformation is part of Facebook’s business model.
It’s part of Facebook’s DNA, and nobody, it seems, has the power to change
their DNA – not even Facebook itself.

So, we will do what we can to fight it – with information. These are the
facts about the social media empire that shapes thought and discourse,
alters elections, induces genocide, and boasts 2.7 billion members
worldwide. These are the latest updates to our Facebook Timeline of
Scandal and Strife…

Source: A Disaster of the World, September 23, 2020. Retrieved on October 3, 2020,
retrieved at https://creativefuture.org/facebook-scandal-timeline/
A. SHARE IT ON ACTIVITY! Make a short but concise reaction on the
ideas conveyed in this text. State your own claim and support your
claims with evidences presented in the article.

B. ACCEPT REQUEST ACTIVITY. In your most convenient way, find a

friend to do this activity. You may work by pair or in group of 3 for
this part.

Write claims (FACT, VALUE, and POLICY) with the issue of social
media and bullying.
 Additional Activities

You are almost done! As you reach this part of the learning
material, it means that you are at the last stage of
completing your phase for the lesson. Let us do it and tie the loose end of
the given topic.

CLAIM IT ACTIVITY. Fill in the claim stub with the appropriate topic
enumerated opposite to it.

Claim of FACT 1. Physician assisted suicide is

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/mRSrS8WdhkRT8A9MgjA1OEodA6llxz5

immoral.
2. Online business should be
7zGTWcJIkMccqnH57U3R6if8BLEJjb8HU4eAJmD9MtlhklkA49smxbxDZ

taxed by the government.

3. Some journalists exploit the
freedom of speech in the

Claim of VALUE country.

4. The difference in ideology of
religion and the state
requires mutual respect.
5. We ought to terminate
corrupt officials.
6. Beauty depends on one’s
Claim of POLICY self – esteem.
7. Burning of waste materials
at home should be fined.
8. Cyber- bullying is very
popular among teenagers.
Assessment What Can I Do What’s More
A.SHARE IT ON FORMULATE YOUR ACTIVITY 1.
ACTIVITY! OWN ACTIVITY! FACT, VALUE, POLICY
(Answers may vary)
Answers may vary. 1. Value 6. Value
B. ACCEPT REQUEST
Students are 2. Policy 7. Policy
ACTIVITY
expected to 3. Value 8. Fact
(Answers may vary
enumerate the 4. Policy 9. Policy
depending on the
claims for the 5. Fact 10. Fact
chosen topic from the
chosen topic.
list)
ACTIVITY 2.
Additional Activity What Have I QUOTES TO CLAIM
Learned A.
CLAIM IT ACTIVITY! 1.Character (or character versus
Claim of Fact FILL – IN – THE – reputation)
3 GAPS 2. Character is more substantive
4 1. statement than reputation. Reputation
8 2. proves often passes for character
Claim of Value because it is more easily seen,
3. reader
but it is not real.
1 4. agree B.
6 5. claim of fact 1. Betrayal
Claim of Policy 6. claim of value 2. In times of crisis or great
2 7. claim of policy need, we need those who claim
5 to support us to speak up for us.
7 We will remember the betrayal of
Note: Teacher may accept our friends more than the
various answers attacks of our enemies.
depending on the
evidences presented.
What’s New What’s In What I Know
A. I.
1. The selection is about 1. Entertain 1. b
medical marijuana. 2. Persuade 2. d
2. Answer may vary 3. Inform 3. e
3. Answer may vary 4. Persuade 4. c
4. Answer may vary 5. Inform 5. a
B. 6. Inform II.
Students answer 7. Entertain 6. False
vary. An example 8. Entertain 7. False
expected output was 9. Inform 8. True
given. 10. Inform 9. True
10. True
III.
11. Fact
11. Value
12. Fact
13. Value
14. Policy
Answer Key
References

A Disaster of the World, September 23, 2020. Retrieved on October 3, 2020,

retrieved at https://creativefuture.org/facebook-scandal-timeline/

Author’s Purpose Quiz retrieved on October 2, 2020, retrieved at

https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=authors-purpose_6

Claims for Written Arguments, retrieved on Sept.16, 2020 retrieved from

https://www.mesacc.edu/~paoih30491/ArgumentClaims.html

DepEd (2015). Celebrating Diversity through World Literature 10 – Learner’s

Material. First Edition.

Getting Started in the Writing Process. Retrieved on Sept.16, 2020 retrieved

from
https://www.sccollege.edu/Faculty/MRoe/Documents/english_103_notes.
htm

Henrylito D. Tacio, 8 Health Issues That Made Headlines In 2018, December

13, 2018, Retrieved on October 03, 2020, retrieved at
https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/12/13/8-health-issues-that-made-
headlines-in-2018/

https://ecdn.teacherspayteachers.com/thumbitem/Whats-The-Authors-
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