14 Starting point Re recess Cesena SC ces 1 Kristin Cardinale’s book, The 9-to-5 Cure: Work on Your Own Terms and Reinvent Your Life, talks about the concept of the Patchworker’. What do you think a Patchworker’ is? Compare your ideas with her definition: The P of the standard responsibilities ofthe freelancer but has an agenda beyond earning money: lif... A Patchivorker isa freela ‘accepts work based on lifestyle factors that they ee ees Cees iho selectively Serene Pinney 2 A-Patchworker career io not for © Kristin asks in the extract from her book below. Read her answers and decide if you have what i takes to become a’Patchworker! mine tbe personally important. Jone. Look at some of the questions ARE YOU A PATCHWORKER? DO YOU HAVE THE ENERGY? De you have the energy required to complete all of the initial startup tacke? Can you come up with the ideas? Are you too burnt out from yeur current or past job to do the work? Are you willing to put in the time and effort to help you stand out from the crowd? DO YOU HAVE THE FOCUS? Do you have the mental focus necessary to open, operate and maintain a new business? When you are self- employed you don't have a boss keeping you on task and sending you reminders about approaching. deadlines. Yeu have tn enach yourself, to motivate and propel yourcelf forward by etaying an tack Can you do that? DO YOU HAVE THE ORGANIZATIONAL SKILLS? Running a business requires basic organizational skills, period. You need not be a perfectionist - in fact, that may hinder your success, Will your accounts stand up to external scrutiny? Can you start and stay organized? CAN YOU MULTITASK LIKE A PRO? If there is one thing that being 2 Patchworker requires to stay ahead of tho game, it ic the ability to multitask. Can you play the part of CEO, scerctary, accountant and driver all in a single day? More importantly, are you willing to? CAN YOU DRUM UP YOUR OWN LEADS? To be a successful Patchworker, you absolutely need to scout out new opportunities and then determine if they fit into your lifestyle framework, Do you have the network? Have you been keeping in, with key people? Can you get out there and sell? CAN YOU MAKE YOUR OWN DECISIONS? Any and all decisions are yours to own. You must take full responsibilty for the ideas, the execution and the outcomes, and stand up for what you decided. When things go really well it's nice to bask in the glow and take full credit. However, when things go awry, you have to be able to deal with the consequences. Can you handle it?3. Work with a partner. Think of definitions for the multi-word verbs in bold in the extract in 2, using the context in the text to help you. 1 come up with ‘bum out from stand out from propel yourself forward stand up to stay ahead of play the part of keep in with ‘got out there 10 stand up for 4. Choose sixof the multi-word verbs in 3, and write questions about careers. ‘Then work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other your questions. ‘Examples What co you do that rinkes you stand out from the crowd a ork? 5 2.4 Listen to the interview with career cuaclt Susan Whittaker. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? 1 The interviewer becomes convinced by Susan's views during the interview, —_ 2 Susan believes that career progress is the responsibility ofthe individual. 3. She thinks itis counterproductive tor managers to allow statf to leave. _ >» 2.1 Match verbs 1-8 to phrases a-h to form fixed phrases from the interview. Then listen to the interview again and check your answers. 1 follow your horizons 2 move __ b backwards 3. grow into © astage 4 reach d ina better position 5 broaden —_ © yourrole 6 gobeyond __ £ horizontally 7 takeastep the scope ot 8 put yourself __ f less conventional paths ‘Work with a partner. Match the phrases you formed in 6 to definitions a-h, Can you use any of these phracesto talk about examples from your own carcer? do something original or unusual __ 1b change jobs for a similar salary ancl responsibilities —_ ¢ improve your situation __ 4 create more opportunities for yourself __ © gettoa point _ ‘ 8 h develop toa point where you can do your job well __ develop further than current limitations allow __ ‘cancel the effects of any progress you had made —_ >? For more exercises, go to Practice file 2 on page 104. ‘Work with a partner. Prepare a short talk for new employees about career development opportunities in your company. Consider the following aspects: + Fag ORS, > Spits + networking events «+ job shadowing ‘© promotion prospects ¢ mentoring schemes * sabbaticals * teamwork + corporate culture 1 Discuss with your partner what you are going to talk about. Decide on six important points, and come up with an outline for the talk. 2 Take tums to practise your talk. Use as many of the phrases from 3 and 6 as you can. When you listen to your partner, note down the new phrases you heat.16 Business communication | Managing the discussion | Sharing ideas 1 Read the Context. Can you predict what kind of issues may be discussed. during this meeting? 2 > 2.2 Listen to Extract 1 from the meeting while referring to the agenda below. Heidi is chairing the meeting and the handwritten notes are prot herself. Note down: 1 the points on the agenda that are covered 2. the points where any digressions or interruptions occur 3. the expressions Heidi uses for each of her handwritten prompts SATE meeting and establish nteeting abjectives Agenda: Recruitment policy meeting Attandeas: Heidi Dawson (chai), Arun Chauhan, Andy Cohan, Rachel Walsh 4 Outline of current recruitment issues + recruitment difficulties. ask Aruit te present his findings + staff retention get Ant fo talk about thie 2 Proposal to recruit school-leavers 3 Discussion 3. > 2.3 Listen to Extract 2 from the meeting and answer questions 1-3. 11 What are the proposed conditions for school-leaver positions? 2 Why does Heid think school-leavors wensld want to work for the company? 3. Why does Rachel think it would be better to focus on improving graduate intake? 4 Match expressions a-d to categories 1-4. a You're absolutely right, but b You probably won't like this idea, but . € Can I suggest we come back to this point abit ater on? Could I just say something here? 1 Putting forward ideas _ 2 Expressing reservations/lisagsevinng 3. Interrupting 4 Dealing with interruptions digression __ Bb 2.2—2 3 Ticton ta Fvtracts 1 and 7 again and make a nate of athor expressions you hear for the categories in 4. © Which expressions from 4 and 5 are used to put forward an idea which ..? 1 you believe to be unpopular 2 isunder consideration 3. you are confident about >? For more exercises, go to Practice file 2 on page 104.Key expressions Managing the discuscion ‘So let's get started. ‘The purpose of today's meeting is. Can | suggest we come back ‘Coming back to .. Fi get on to that in a moment. Involving people Perhaps you'd like to talk us through .. Dial you wan to lah about 2 Asking for / giving Dpernission to speak Would this be the right mament to mention 2 Could | just say something? If could just come in there Go ahead. Putting forward unpopular ideas | know you're not keen on it, but. ‘You probably won't lke this Idea, but... I'm not sure what your feelings ‘re about this, but... Putting forward ideas under ‘consideration We were wondering if... Something elee we've been thinking about is. Putting forward ideas you are confident about I'm sure you'll understand the need to .. ‘The obvious solution to this problem must be 10... Disagreeing / Expressing reservation It's interesting you should say that, becouse octualy ... You're absolutely right, but Culture question * Do you openly criticize ‘dea that you don't he? Why/Why no®? *# Do you think that cliforont cultures have different attitudes to open criticism? *# How would you fee! if someone openly criticized your hess Uris @ ‘meeting? 7 Work with a partner. In addition to the school-leavers programme, HR and the partners decide to look into ways of improving the company’s graduate intake and retention, Can you add any other ideas (or reservations) to their list below? Ideas for improving graduate intake / retention + Have a greater presence at rational graduate recruliment flrs Will his realy help? + Increase the starter salary. Too castty for the company? + Intraduce pansitias for graduates wha dan’ stay beyond their training Demnotivating? May discourage sore graduates from applying? + Increase communication between graduates already working for the company and those considerina applying (e.a. in blogs, podcasts on Company website). no central aver what is said about the company? Other ideas? 8 Now have a meeting using the ideas from 7 and the flow chart below. ‘STUDENT A STUDENTB A Start the meeting and ‘establish objectives. B Ask for permission to speak. “ AGive permission to speak. |... | -——___________ B Put forward an idea that i you are contident about. ‘A Express reservations. B Put forward an idea which A Interrupt and disagree. - may beunperuish say 1B Put forward an idea under A Express reservations. “ consideration. B Put forward a further idea. A React to the idea - 9 Workin groups of three.You are holding a meeting to diceuse ways of improving staff efficiency. Use the agenda below or create one for your ‘company. Discuss your ideas, and try to reach a decision on each item on the agenda. Student A:You are chairing the meeting. Manage the discussion and make sure everybody keeps to the agenda. Student B: Turn to page 137. Student C, turn to page 139. Agenda: Improving staff effi ncy 4 Too much time wasted in the cafeteria 2 Messages are not being passed on. 3. Complaints about attanding training in off-site training centres. 4 High absenteeism, iv38) Language at work | Expressing attitudes to the past 1 > 2.4 Listen to two debriefing conversations where the participants from the meeting in Business communication gave their impressions after the event. Complete sentences 1-12, 1 Yes, i Well, I Well. it 9 But 10 What ut 12 Yes, but 2 3 4 5 Yes, 6 7 8 2 face-to-face meeting with the partners. , Arun ~ as you're the one who's one of the recruitment consultants ... a bit more progress today. hhow Rachel would react tothe school-leavers proposal it really .. abit too forthright, but I need to be sure ... we'd just gone rewind in circles. the other side of the argument? improving our graduate intako? much to the discussion ... to the mecting though 2 Which sentences in 1 show that the speaker ...? a issatisfied with something b is relieved about something © is dissatisfied with something 4. rograte something with hindsight 3 Now match the sentences in 1 to structures a-d below: a third conditional b modal + perfect infinitive ¢ fixed phrase + past simple d fixed phrase + past perfect ») For more information. go to Unit 2 Grammar reference on page 126. 4. Work with partnor Lok at the ‘nearly CV holow The careor choices made are in bold. Discuss the alternative career and the consequences. Exampla ‘a Study for a postgraduate degree (e.g, MBA). b Look for a first job to get some experienc ’ 2 Stay abroad and study for a postgraduate degree. Return to home country and change career path. y 9 Accept the offer from the multinational. bb Refuse the offer and keep going. 1 If only they'd knows the employer abyoad would go kankraypt! Accept and move to that country. b Refuse and eventually find a job at home. y a Accept the job. » Reject and start your own business. 99 For more exercises, gn to Practice file 2.on page 105, 5 Think of your‘nearly CV’.Tell your partner about ome decisions you made and: + how you feel about these decisions with hindsight + possible alleriative decisions anwl their Gonseyucniees‘Key word | so Match tho uta acon 1-10 a-d. What other words could you use to replace so in each Tontonce? 1 So, what would you do if one eee eae a was off sick on the day of an. important presentation? 2 Couldn't we consider letting them tial the products, so that they tee their ews count? Bere sere eettre ‘New contacts, and so is Thierry, 4 Butit's been so difficult with al the changes a used to add a reason 'b used for emphasis ¢ used to express also. 4 introduces a question Agend Update meeting 4 Monthly reports 2 The competition 2 Eales figurea 4 Travel budget Practically speaking | Getting your point across 1. What techniques can you use to get your point across? 2» 2.5 Liston to five conversations and complete sentences 1-10. 1 Um,well..., —__? 2 No, the ones drawn up for internal purposes. 3 Well, the scale at the bottom of the page, what I mean. ay ‘Am I supposed to notify everybody 3 1's worth senuling itt the peuple responsible for 6 , there's no point in it sitting in your in-tray 7 100k, that I need! to see a clramatie improvement 8 But Vd like to see more eviclence of how you 9 Yes, bu , they'd have liked to be more involved 10 Look... , couldn’t we consider letting them 3. Match the phrases in 2 to these techniques for getting your point across. 4 Refouimulatings, © Mlustrating « points Clarifying: Summarizing: _ 4. Work with a partner. You are both in an update meeting and you are discussing the points in the agenda on the left. Student A. turn to page 137. Student B, turn to page 139. Then have the meeting using the flowchart below. Student A:You have two minutes to get your point across. Student B: Ask questions for further clarification, ‘Then swap roles. and continue with the next point on the agenda. STUDENT A STUDENT. A Say what you think about the issue. « B Ask why / express surprise. Alllustrate your point. =) B Ask for further clarification. A Clarity / reformulate / « summarize. >? For extension and revision. go to Useful phrases on page 134. 5 Work with a partner. Tako tuins to ask each other questions on the topics in the list below. Ask for clarification on any details which aren't clear. Respond using the phrases from 2 + your performance this year + your current work/ project + how you deal with sresaful situations + your team’s atrengtha and weaknesses 19The ‘gig’ economy: changing the future of careers Arun Sundararajan, New York University’s School of Business Not ao long age, the only people who looked for ‘gigs’ were musicians. For the est uf us, UNLe we Uulgtew ur StLULl dreams of rock stardom, we found ‘real’ jobs that paid us a fixed salary every month, allowed us to take paid holidays and formed the basis for planning stable future. Today, more and more of us choose, instead, to make our living ‘working gizs’ rather than full time. To the optimists, it promises a future of empowered entrepreneurs and boundless innovation. To the naysayers, it portende a dystopian future of disenfranchised workers hunting for their next wedge of piecework, This explosion of small-scale entrepreneurship might make one wonder whether we are returning to the economy ot the 18th century, described by the economist Adam Smith in his book ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the ‘Wealth of Nations. The economy Smith described was a genuine market economy of individuals engaging in commerce with one another. Over the following twa centurias, however, the emergence of mass production and distribution yielded modern corporations. The entrepreneurs Uf Suuith’s Line gave way tv the salaried employees of the 20th century. A different technological revolution ~ the digital revolution — is partially responsible for the return to peer-to-peer exchange. Most of the new on-demand services rely ona population equipped with computers or GPS-enabled smartphones. Does this suggest a shift towards a textbook market economy? Granted, Uber, Airbnb, Etoy and TackRabbit are quite different from organizations such 4 Apple, BP 01 Sainsbury's, Because you aren't actually renting a space from ‘Airbnb, taking a ride in a car owned by Uber or buying a product made by Etsy. ‘The platform simply connects you with a provider of space, a driver ofa vehicle or a seller who runs a virtual shop. So it seems like we've invented a new {institutional form - the peer-to-peer platform ~a digitally powered hybrid between organizing economic activity through the market and within the organization. And because these platforms provide layers of trust, brand and expertise on demand, the need for specializing before you're qualified to become & provider is reduced, Almost anyone with talent can become a part-time hotelier through Airbnb or an artisan retailer on the side through Etsy. Any reasonably competent driver can morph into a provider of commercial transportation by plugging into Uber or BlaBlaCar. ‘And providers don’t have to commit to full days of worle Yon can pick np your kkids from school (and then switch to being ‘an Uber driver). In the gig ceonomy, the lines between personal and professional become increasingly blurred, ‘There's certainly something empowering about being your own boss. with the right mindset, you can achieve a better work- life balance. But there's also something empowering about a steady pay cheque, fixed work hours and company-provided benefits. I's harder to plan your life longer term when you don't know how much. money you're going to be making next year.LUT Ser ceret ee What is a’gig’ economy? What kind of jobs are suitable for a‘gig’ caroor? What are the pros and cons of a‘gig’ career? Work with a partner. List your ideas and then add any others mentioned in the article. Pros Cons Would you consider this kind of career? What are the wider risks of this new kind of economy? ‘There are benefits to dipping your tocs into the entreproncurial waters by experimenting with a few gigs on the side. Perhaps this lowering of barriers to entreprencurship will spur innovation across the economy.’ Arun Sundararajan Read the quote by Arun Sundararajan above. Think of something you would like to do as a“gig on the side’. This could be based on your skills or a gap you have seen in the market. Hold a meeting to discuss your gig’ Ideas. Persuade the others that your idea is feasible. The others will ask questions to help you develop the idea into a realistic plan. You can use this chart tu help you prepare. My gig on. the side is People need it because The risks ore that The next, steps Ineed to take are2 | Practice file Working with words 1 Match 1-10 toa. 1. The job involved really long hours and she was burnt — 2. Everyone in my workplace is talented. I's hard to find a way to stand — 3 It’s very competitive environment and you need to find a way of staying — One way to propel — 5 Notice what problems your boss is having, and 6 Evenifit isnot your strength, it helps to play — 7 You may not actually like everyone you wark with, but if you're ina team you need to keep — 8 You need to gat out — 9. These numbers just con’t stand 10. you want to push an idea through you will nced toconvince others and stand ahead of the competition. up with solutions to help. up to detailed analysis. out from the crowd. the part of a good listener. up for your plan. out from the late nights and stress. fn with all your collaagos there and ask customers directly. ‘yourcelf forward ie to put in the hours and be incredibly productive 2 Match the multi-word verbs in 1 to these phrases with a similar meaning. drive yourself ahead show how you are the best —_ ‘maintain good relations with defend your ideas and arguments be exhausted from — Actas thouigh you are ‘maintain an advantage over defend yourself ageinat think of — 10 du sonmething actively — Sere enna se . 104 3 > Choose the correct words in italics. 1 2 a Sometimes it’s important to put / take /aalk-a step backwards before you can move forward. don’t want more responsibility so would prefer to ‘move / go / change horizontally within the company. Itcan ofton he far more interesting to go along / lead / follow less conventional paths than climb the promotional ladder. Broadening / Developing / Opening your horizons and. trying something new is always healthy. Sometimes it takes time to develop / work / grow into your role and do your job well. want to do something that aims / goes / takes ‘beyond the scope of my current position. Doing a further training course should place / put / post you in a better position for promotion. Inevitably, you will come across / reach /find a stage in life when you will welcome change and new challenges. Business communication 1 Complete the expressions with the words from thelist. ‘come in get suppose 1 2 3 4 9 10 like geton to come back — understand think mention keen on talk So, lors started First, can we disense 7 Perhaps you'd like to___ us through some of the issues, John You probably won't __ this idea, but I think. ‘we should do some mare research hefare Would this be the right moment to ___ contract details? Tim sure you'll possible candidate. Can I suggest we ____to this point about overtime later in the meeting? 1____ so. But do you really —___ will attract a better candidate? Tknow you're not ‘Ana's suggestion, Matt, but we do need to consider it, IFT could just here for a moment, Jan? How should we ensure »..2 1l___ the subject of pay scales in a moment. the the need to find the best that 2 Match each expression in 1 to categories af. canoe Involving people: Disagreeing /Expressing reservation: Managing, the diseussion: Putting forward unpopular ideas: —_ Putting forward ideas you're confident about: “Asking permission to speak:3 Correct the one mistake in each of these sentences. 1 Would you want to talk about that now, Sophie? 2. The obvious solution to this problem can be to advertise the position more widely. 3 The target of today’s meeting is to draw up a short list of candidates. 4 It’s interesting you had said that, because actually the opposite is true, Could I only say something? 6 I'mnot sure how your feelings are about this, but | think we need to review our recruitment policy. 7 But what makes you so true our company will benefit? 8 Given that Arturo does have much experience, ‘wouldn't it be better to take on a contract worker? 4. Match the expressions in 3 to the categories in 2. Language at work 1 Match 1-10 to aj. 1 If the interview had gone better, Even ifthe interview had gone better, IF you hacin't had four years’ experience, ‘You need'thave sent a CV. — ‘My first boss could have given me more support. — I'd been born into a very rich tamily, — Whether I’ gone to Harvard or Yale, Itwould have been good — It’s just as well [sill don’t think that — ‘a my opportunitica would have been similar. Your application form had all the relevant Information. might have got the job. if you'd tld us about their offer. we wouldn't have given you the senior post: promotions at this level should be automatic. ‘That's my biggest criticism of him, probably wouldn’t have got the job. we were able to match their offer don’t think I would have had such drive. ge Seniousun Sere te eo tatty 2 Rewrite these sentences using conditionals, starting with the words given. 1 Ididn’t ask fora pay rise. I didn’t get one. Even if 2 The company didn’t renew our season ticket. I couldn't go to the football game. po 3. They got rid of the air conditioning. Ihe ottice is unbearably hot. tomy 4. The airport staff called off their strike yesterday. min Spain now. iF 3 Complete these sentences with words from the list. wold might should had ave 1 Marketing __ have let us see the promotional material before releasing, terrible! 2 Perhaps you're right too direct. 9 1___have booked a ta if T were you. 4. Jim might finished earlier if the printer been workin, 5 Ididn’t realize you were so busy. You have askeal for my leelp. taken on some of your work ~ last week. -it's have been a bit had the information last week slue woulkl have beers able i isclucle it it ler presentation, 8 Teant fin the receipts anywhere. I suppose it’s possible that Rachel —__have taken them from my desk so that she could process my. expenses. 9 t___have been better if we had known about the delay to delivery sooner ~ we could have changed our plans, but ts too late now: 10 We __ have bought that company when we had the chance. If we had, we'd be market leaders by now. 105Grammar reference Unit 1 | Tenses review Present simple Use the present simple 1 to talk about general facts, states and situations The purpose of business ts 0 make a profit 2. to talk about regular or repeated actions, or permanent situations Jack works for Nissan. 3 to alle about timotahled future events The meeting starts at 10.00. Present continuous Use the present continuous 1 totalk about an action in progress at the time of speaking/writing I'm trying to get through to Jon Berks. to talk about a current activity, taking place around the time of speaking They are pushing the area for development. 3 to talk about fixed plans or arrangements in the future Tam meeting the management committee on Frida. Present perfect simple ‘Use the present perfect ype 1 to talk about actions which finished recently and for which Une is a present result ‘The IT guys have changed all the access codes. 2 to talk about actions that started in the past and are still. ‘going on Silvio has worked for us since he let sctool 3 to talk about experiences in your life or event Tve never been to Bahrain. Present perfect continuous Use the present perfect continuous to talk about a recently completed action ‘The faris is an the activity, nat the: result “Tho FF guys hane hoon changing all the access codes history Past simple Use the past simple 1 to talk about past actions which are over atthe time of speaking Theard from the locals that there were several interesting sites, 2 to talk about past states lived in Haringey wher I worked in the City Past continuous ‘Use the past continuous to talk about being in the middle of a past action ~ there is likely to be an interruption (in the past simple) in the sentence. Everything was going really smoothly, when Wu took over the project Past perfect Use the past perfect to indicate that an action happened before another action referred to in the past simple. Thad heard from the locals that there were several interesting sites before I visited the area 126 Past perfect continuous Use the past perfect continuous to refer to an action in progress before something else happened. He ums the one who had been working on the project, but his boss was the one who got all the credit Should 1. Use shold + infinitive to recommend something, strongly. You should try that vegetarian restaurant on the river. 2. Use shold + perfect infinitive 10 talk about a lost opportunity YoU should ave gone thts morning ~te was quite an interesting meeting. 3 Use could /stowld + infinitive to predict. It could/should turn out tobe quite interesting. Future forms 1 Use will + infinitive to make on-the-spot decisions We'll have to explain the options to the client. 2 Use be going to + infinitive when we are talking about an action we have already given some thought to. We're going to have to explain the options to Ure client. 3. Use the future continuous to talk about something that will be in progress at a particular time in the Future. I will be writing coerything up later this week: 4 Use the future perfect to refer to events which finish before a given time in the future. Twill have finished by the end ofthe year 5 Use the future perfect continuous to emphasize the Our compartes will have been working together for ten _yours in May ~ we shout plan a vetebration. weer fron a tin in the falure, Unit 2 | Expressing attitudes to the past Third conditional 1 Usa tha third conditional to falls about past situations that did not happen. Jf you had chased up the reference, yon would hawe known not to employ him. 2 Only the situation in the clause with hd (the ifelauso) ‘must be in the past. The other situation can be past, present. or future: something that did not happen, or is not happening, or will not happen, but which is seen to be linked with the situation in the i-clause. If had got the job at Chelco, [would have been made redundant when the company folded. (past situation, past result) IF Thad got that job. would have been able to afford to bby property by now. (past situation, present result) IF Thad got that job. would have been able to retire in ‘vo years’ time. (past situation, future result) 3 Instead of would in the result clause. we can use might for a less likely result, and could to express possibility. IF we had reduced prices. nore people might have bought our products. (= would perhaps) Jf you'd toll me before about the operation. I could have arranged cocer for you. (= it would have been possible for me to arrange cover for you)134 Useful phrases Unit 1 | Introducing yourself to a group Saying who you are Hi, my name's X. I'm from the Y office. As most of you will know, I'm For those of you who don’t know me already, Lam ‘Talking about your role Pr accountable for. My responsibilities include Lately I've been concentrating on Basically, my role is to coordinate entails I’m responsible for ., making sure Giving reasons for being there What's the point of me being here today? Thope to share some of my ideas with you. Vm here today to” Updating people on achievements 1m pleased to say that Pe now managed to .. Yd like to point out that over the years, Thave been continually We've had a great few years. You'll be happy to know that Talking about aspirations ‘And can see ways of further improving .. We want to help out... 1 guess I'm ready to take on board [can’t wait to share our expertise with you and to help youto... Unit 2 | Getting your point across Reformulating Yes, sorry let ate repliase tsa In other words To put it another way Clarifying What I'm saying is that Twas actually wforring to What I mean by ...is ‘To clarify, 'm eaying that .. Ilustrating a point Would it help if gave you an example? Well, if you look at ... you'll see .. Summarizing ‘The fact of the matter i ‘The point I'm trying to make is, Dasicaly, To summarize, Unit 3 | Showing understanding ‘Showing you understand Tknow what you mean, No, it hasn't, has it? Thear what you're saying Tan see where you're coming from, Totally understand, Explaining why you understand It’s quite hectic over here, too. know this is a tricky time for a lot of you. Thad a similar problem at That happened to me, too. Offering practical solutions Te might be worth .. Istill think you should ‘You might want to . What about ...? Have you tried ...? Unit 4 | Establishing rapport Recalling past events in common Temust be two years ‘Wasn't it at that conference in ...? Oh yes, ...~it was seally beautiful. do you remember that ..? oF more —eince we last met? Paying a compliment You're looking well. You look great, have you been on holiday? ‘Asking follow up question And are you still enjoying if? Really? ‘And what do you think of i Asking about someone's journey How was the journey? ‘Was the journey OK? How was the flight? Did you get here OK? Showing knowledge about a person you have just met ISX, isn'tit? I've seen your profile on the website. You're not the X who ..., are you? I've heard quite a lot about you, too. You Summarizing reront events Well, I'd been working in 50 V've been in overlooking Echoing the other person to encourage them to say more A Thave had a few upsand downs. B Ups and downs? A I've just been on a business trip to Budapest. B Budapest? 5 up on a key word to extend the conversation A... but the job’s pretty challenging B ... Challenging, in what way? didn’t you? for five years when for the last ... in an apartment