MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

JUSUP BALASAGYN KYRGYZ NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

CASE STUDY
“Tangible and Intangible
elements of the USA”

Done by: Ramankulova Aizhan

Group: Foreign policy
Checked by: B. Berenaliev

Bishkek 2021
Tangible elements of the USA…………………………………………………
Government………………………………………………………………………
Economic and land Use …………………………………………………………
Geography and climate…………………………………………………………
Population………………………………………………………………………
Intangible elements of the USA……………………………………………….
Ideology…………………………………………………………………………
National Character and Morale…………………………………………………
List of used sources ………………………………………………………………
Tangible elements of the USA. USA - a country in North America. Area - 9.5
million km (4th place in the world). Population - just over 333 million people
(2021, estimate; 3rd place in the world). The United States has a federal form of
structure, administratively divided into 50 states and the Federal District of
Columbia; a number of island territories (Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam and
others) are also subordinate to them.

The capital is Washington DC, and the largest in terms of population is New
York City. The United States borders Canada in the north, Mexico in the south,
and also has a sea border with Russia in the west. They are washed by the
Pacific Ocean from the west, the Atlantic Ocean from the east and the Arctic
Ocean from the north.

Government. The U.S. government is a representative democracy with two

legislative bodies, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate
consists of 100 seats, with two representatives from each of the 50 states. The
House of Representatives consists of 435 seats, the occupants of which are
elected by the people from each of the 50 states. The executive branch consists
of the president, who is also the head of government and chief of state.

The U.S. also has a judicial branch of government that is made up of the
Supreme Court, the U.S. Court of Appeals, U.S. District Courts, and State and
County Courts. The U.S. is comprised of 50 states and one district (Washington,
D.C.).

Economics and Land Use. The U.S. has the largest and most technologically
advanced economy in the world. It mainly consists of the industrial and service
sectors. The main industries include petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace,
telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods,
lumber, and mining. Agricultural production, though only a small part of the
economy, includes wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton, beef,
pork, poultry, dairy products, fish, and forest products.

Geography and Climate. The U.S. borders both the North Atlantic and North
Pacific Oceans and is bordered by Canada and Mexico. It is the fourth-largest
country in the world by area and has a varied topography. The eastern regions
consist of hills and low mountains, while the central interior is a vast plain
(called the Great Plains region). The west has high rugged mountain ranges
(some of which are volcanic in the Pacific Northwest). Alaska also features
rugged mountains as well as river valleys. Hawaii's landscape varies but is
dominated by volcanic topography.

Like its topography, the climate of the U.S. also varies depending on location. It
is considered mostly temperate but is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in
Alaska, semiarid in the plains west of the Mississippi River and arid in the Great
Basin of the southwest.

The bowels are rich in reserves of various natural resources, including coal and
brown coal, iron and manganese ore. The Cordilleras, the Colorado Plateau, the
Great Plains and the Mexican Lowlands have deposits of copper, zinc, lead,
silver, chromite, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, polymetallic,
uranium and mercury ores, as well as gold, sulfur, phosphates and other
chemical raw materials.

Population.The United States had an official resident population of

331,449,281 on April 1, 2020, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. This figure
includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia but excludes the population
of five unincorporated U.S. territories (Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin
Islands, American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands) as well as several
minor island possessions. The United States is the third most populous country
in the world. The Census Bureau showed a population increase of 0.8% for the
twelve-month period ending in July 2012. Though high by industrialized
country standards, this is below the world average annual rate of 1.1%. The total
fertility rate in the United States estimated for 2020 is 1.638 children per
woman, which is below the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1.

Intangible elements of the USA. Ideology. There is no official ideology in the

United States. Moreover, the first amendment to the constitution, while
guaranteeing freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and
petition, actually contains a ban on such regulations. The ideological and
ideological pluralism characteristic of the United States is based on the
commitment of the overwhelming majority of Americans to democratic values
and the principles of freedom.
The absence of an official ideology, however, does not mean that there is no
supported and cultivated self-consciousness in the United States, the distinct
features of which are the close intertwining of ideas of national and spiritual
exclusivity, convictions in the special purpose of their nation and state, and
messianism. First of all - democracy and the thesis of equality of opportunities
arising from it) and the desire to spread them throughout the world.
The main vector that determines the development of political thought in the
United States is liberalism and the liberal tradition, the roots of which lie in the
ideology of the Enlightenment of the 18th century. With all the complexity and
diversity of forms of liberalism, its main essence can be expressed through the
concept of individual rights and freedoms, limited only by the rights and
freedoms of another person. A distinctive feature of American liberalism is its
polyvarietal while maintaining the continuity of the liberal tradition. This
manifested itself, on the one hand, in the alternation of the dominant forms of
liberalism (evolving according to the following scheme - political, economic,
social and cultural), on the other, in the confrontation in certain periods of the
history of various liberalisms (as a rule, radical democratic and moderate
elite) ). American liberalism is at the center of the country's ideological and
political spectrum. Its opponents on the right and on the left are, respectively,
conservatism and radicalism; the confrontation of these three forces determines
the main lines of the split, which in different periods of the development of the
United States manifested themselves with varying degrees of intensity.
Currently, the main ideological opponent of liberalism in the political field is
conservatism, which falls into the following main groups: old right, new right
(neoconservatism), religious right. Common to most modern American
conservatives is the idealization of traditional norms and institutions and the
desire to revive them (with different groups of conservatives emphasizing
different values).

National Character and Morale. The "American Dream", as our observation

shows, has national and cultural characteristics that are embodied in such a
concept as “national character”. In modern linguistics, there are different points
of view not only on what constitutes a national character, but whether it exists at
all, is an important feature that differentiates different ethnic groups. The
following point of view is adhered to: national character is a combination of
character traits inherent in another nation, which are formed under different
cultural and historical development of the country. The national character also
includes a stable complex of culture-specific values, attitudes, and norms of
behavior.
Among the main factors that determined the originality of American self-
consciousness, one can name traditional European values, which have become
the worldview of Americans, various ethnic groups, as a result, the idea of
cultural pluralism, vast territories and a variety of natural and climatic
conditions that contribute to the self-identification of the American great nation.
List of used sources:

1. Baylis, John et al. (eds.) (2015). The Globalisation of World Politics.

New Delhi: OUP.
2. Chatterjee, Aneek. (2018). International Relations Today. New Delhi:
Pearson.
3. Cartsnaes, Walter, et al. (eds.) (2012). Handbook of International
Relations. New Delhi: Sage.
4. https://ru.wikipedia.org
5. https://www.researchgate.net
6. http://www.hyno.ru