 Oliver Cromwell (puritan dictatorship) was the one who executed King Charles I (30, January

1649)
 After Oliver Cromwell’s death, the monarchy was restored.
 Charles II of England (1660 – 1685)
 Constitutional monarchy – more liberty for culture/arts
 Dissenters of Non-Conformists – Daniel Defoe
 Church of England – ministers even women can be priests, and they can be married
 The great Plague of London 1665 – by William Blake (1757- 1827)
 A Prophecy by Europe (1794)
 The great Fire of London 1666 – almost whole city was burnt down
 St.Pauls Cathedral was re-built in the classical style of Rome (by Christopher Wiren)
 Charles II was followed by his brother James II (1685 1688)
 James II was followed by Mary II (1689 -94) and William III (1689 – 1702)
 The glorious revolution
 The battle of the Boyne(1690) by Jan Wyck marching 12 July
 The Bill of Rights (1689) – Four important royal prerogatives were abolished:
o The suspending power ( the right to suspend laws)
o The dispensing power (the right to exempt individual person
from the law)
o The right to levy taxes without consent
o The keeping of a standing army
 The Beggar’s Opera – main roles: criminals, prostitute
 In Shakespeare’s times women roles were played by men, but now there were played by the
women themselves
 Tories – the conservative party (represent the aristocracy whose money came from the land
they had inherited and had worked by the upper classes)
 The parliamentarians turned into the Whigs (represented by the beginnings of the industry)
 The Industrial revolution
 In the 18thcentury the Tories are the conservatives (the party of the industry trade of money
and businesses – in the 19th and 20th century)
 The Whigs became the liberal party in the 19 th and 20th century
 Still have this name

Eighteenth – Century Britain

 Queen Elizabeth I
 The Seven Years´ War
 Boston Tea Party – no taxation without representation
 4th July 1776 was signed the American declaration, after the American independence War
 Franklin, Jefferson, the ones who signed the declaration
 Soon after the American Independence War was the French Revolutionary war
 Internal Politics
 o The Whigs supported Protestant Succession, they stood for religious tolerance of some
kind and drew support from Dissenters
o The Tories still tend to see James II and his descendants as the rightful kings
 George I was the first British monarch who does not speak English, but German
 The agricultural Revolution
 Jafri Tull – agricultural pioneer, developed improved farming methods and implements such as
the seed drill

The Industrial Revolution

Towns like Manchester, London, and other big cities in England are the most important cities in England

The earlier invention of machines:

 John Kay – flying shuttle

 James Hargreaves -spinning Jenny /1764)
 Richard Arkwright – water frame… - Early Industrialist -

 17th century – century of religious trive

 18th – people started to enjoy the social life
 Vauxhall Gardens – the west part of London begins to socialize, people enjoy themselves for a
coffee…
 The Chinese House – built in 1751
 This could not be possible in 17th century
 A Covert Garden Audience – west part of London
 Golden age of country house (horse riding, fox hunting…)
 Rich class whose money came from buying new places, new houses
 The British upper classes in the 18th century lived an amphibian life (In the summer they lived in
country where they hunt, in the winter in the city houses where they can take place on all social
places)
 Bathing machines (Bringhton & Scarbborough)
 Education-private matter, education was largely open to those who can afford it
 Sundays schools
 Most of the schools were controlled by the church
 Dunce – slightly dum person