Professional Documents
Culture Documents
According to Gordon MacBeath human resource planning is concerned with two things
➢Planning of Manpower requirements
➢Planning of Manpower supplies
Human resource planning
• Objectives of HRP
– Ensure optimum utilization of Human resources currently employed
– Assess or forecast future requirement
– Cope with changing business environment
– Attached with business strategy and business plan of the organization
– Anticipate redundancies
– Provide basis for overall HRD plan
– Assist in productivity bargaining
• Benefits of HRP
– Create reservoir of talent.
– Preparation for future HR needs
– Promote employees in systematic manner
– Provide basis for HRD
– Help in career and succession planning
Factors affecting Human resource Planning
• Uncertainty of future
• More relevance in countries where manpower availability is
scarce.
• Time consuming and costly affair
• Geographies where skilled manpower is abundant HRP
does not serve great purpose
• Difficult in organizations having large attrition rates.
HC budget
• Numbers,
• Levels
• Cost
• Roles
• Month wise projection
Employee cost to revenue/profit ratios
Important factor influencing HR budget
E/R
E/Profit
Methods of Demand Forecasting
• Expert opinion
• Bottom Up Technique
• Delphi Technique
• Nominal Group Technique
• Ratio- Analysis
• Regression Analysis
Expert Opinion
• In this method, managers estimate future human resource
requirements, their experiences and judgment to good effect.
• opinions (judgments) of supervisors department, managers,
experts, or others knowledgeable about the organization’s
future human resource requirements.
Bottom Up Technique
This method of forecasting starts at the lowest level and progresses
upwards, through various levels of organization, till an aggregate
projection for the organization as a whole is ready.
Disadvantages
o Time consuming
o Integration problem
Nominal Group Technique
Nominal Technique is somewhat related to Delphi technique, except
for that in this case the experts sit together in face to face
situation to make forecast.
Advantages
1. Each expert is making an independent forecast.
2. All forecast are presented in one place.
3. Take less time.
Ratio- Analysis
This method involves comparing the number of employees to a
workload index.
• The level of activity in each job may vary from department to
department in the same organization
Eg.-To produce 100 unit of a product ,if 10 workers are required , the
department would require 15 workers to produce 150 units.
Regression Analysis
Projection of future demand is based on the past relationship between the work
force level and the basic factor on whom the demand is assumed to depend
• Ex: demand of doctors in government health program
regression equation:- D=5+0.1E
• Numbers,
• Levels
• Cost
• Roles
• Month wise projection
Employee cost to revenue/profit ratios
Important factor influencing HR budget
E/R
E/Profit
Challenges
✓ Despite the importance of strategic workforce planning,
most HR departments have not yet developed a formal
plan to participate in their companies’ business cycles.
➢ Increased turnover
➢ Reduced motivation
Job Rotation
Job Enrichment
Job Simplification
➢ This requires that jobs be broken down into their smallest units and then
analyzed. Each resulting subunit typically consists of relatively few
operations. These subunits are then assigned to workers as their total job.
This is done so that employees can do these jobs without much specialized
training. Many small jobs can also be performed simultaneously, so that
the complete operation can be done more quickly. Time and motion studies
are often used for work simplification .
and responsibilities.
Job Enrichment: (Vertical)
➢ It is a direct outgrowth of Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation.
➢ It is therefore based on the assumption that in order to motivate personnel, the job
➢ E.g. a worker who previously only loaded boxes for delivery into a trailer may be given
the responsibility of verifying that the customer order is correct. Through job
➢ This in turn leads to greater feelings of satisfaction, higher motivation and increased
productivity.
Job Rotation
➢ This refers to the movement of an employee from one job to the another over a designated period of
time.
➢ Jobs themselves are not actually changed, only the employees are rotated among various jobs.
➢ An employee who works on another job for some days or months and returns back to the first job.
➢ This would relieve the employee from boredom and monotony, improves the employee’s skills
regarding various jobs and prepares the employee to meet the contingencies.
➢ This is also intended to improve worker’s self-image and provides personal growth
➢ It does not change the basic nature of jobs. Rather an employee is asked to perform several
monotonous jobs in place of a single job.
➢ Therefore, the employees who want a challenging and satisfying job still feel frustrated.
➢ Moreover, frequent rotation of employees may cause interruptions in the work routine of the
organization.
Approaches To Job Design
Scientific Management
Approach
Behavioral Approach Socio-technical
(F.W. Taylor) (Herzberg) System Approach
The standardization of jobs into the single best During 1950s, Herzberg’s research popularized the notion of This approach calls for the decision of work systems that
way by which they can be performed. enhancing need satisfaction through what is would foster a meshing of the technical and social
called job enrichment. aspects of jobs.
The training of workers in the single best way to There are many different approaches to job enrichment, yet all In order to create jobs, which have this supportive
perform the job. relationship, work teams, not individual jobs, must be
of them attempt to help the job incumbent satisfy studied.
personal needs while performing the job.
Job design through socio-technical approach requires the
The specialization of labour leading to expertise One widely publicized approach to job enrichment uses the combined efforts of employees, supervisors and union
in small narrow jobs. “Job Characteristics Model”. This model is based representatives in analyzing significant job operations.
on the view that three key psychological states of The major thrust of the socio-technical approach to job design
a job incumbent affect motivation and is that both the technical system and the
The systematic and specific determination of
satisfaction of the job. accompanying social system should be considered
job description for each job.
when designing jobs.
Monetary compensation should be used to
reward successful performance of the job. • Experienced meaningfulness
worth of the work
– According to this concept, jobs should be designed by taking a
“holistic” or “systems” view of the entire job situation,
including its physical and social environment.
• Experienced responsibility
• Knowledgresults – Understanding how
effectively he/she is performing the jobe
of
Job analysis & its Importance
• Harry Wylie: “Job analysis deals with the anatomy of the job …
This is the complete study of the job embodying every known and
determinable factor, including the duties and responsibilities
involved in its performance; the conditions under which
performance is carried on; the nature of the task; the qualifications
required in the worker; and the conditions of employment, such as
pay hours, opportunities and privileges”.
Uses of Job Analysis
Selection of
Collection of Collection of
representative Job Developing job
background job analysis
job to be Description specification
information data
analyzed
Techniques of Job Analysis Data
Personal observation
Sending
Conducting
out
personal
questionnai
interviews
res
Maintenance of log
records
Job description & Job specification
• Edwin Flippo : “Job Description is an organized factual
statement of the duties and responsibilities of a specific job.
It should tell what is to be done, how it is done and why.”
➢ Salary levels: Pay, DA, other allowances, bonus, incentive wage, method of payment, hours of work,
shift, break etc.
➢ Complete list of duties to be performed separated according to daily, weekly, monthly and casual,
estimated time to be spent on each duty
➢ Conditions of work: Location, time, speed of work, accuracy, health hazards, accident hazards
➢ Develop a business plan and sales strategy for the market that ensures
attainment of company sales goals and profitability.
➢ Maintains accurate records of all pricings, sales, and activity reports submitted by Account
Executives.
➢ Provides timely feedback to senior management regarding performance.
➢ Assists in the development and implementation of marketing plans as needed
➢ Assist in the creation of the system design and functional specifications for all
new development projects.
➢ Serve as a liaison and facilitator between all business units to assist in addressing and
resolving IT software issues.
System Analyst
JOB SPECIFICATION
➢ Should have a minimum of 7 years of technology experience with at least 5 years hands-on
technical roles in the field and relies on experience and judgment to plan and accomplish goals
➢ Develop written materials, including story pitches, messaging guidelines, press releases,
Q&As, presentations and speeches
➢ Train and provide advice to company officials for press conferences, media interviews
and trade presentations
Communications Manager
JOB SPECIFICATION
IS IS NOT
Comparative Absolute
Judgmental Scientific
Structure Unstructured
Job Centered Person Centered
Job Evaluation
Provides rank
order or roles
Rules for Job Evaluation
Constrained by rules
TOTAL
JOB
SIZE
Vision ,Mission & Core Values
Understanding The Process
“The best way to predict the future is to invent it”.