ATV-DVWK-A 202E

Requirements on the purity of precipitants
The precipitants are in part by-products or waste
products of industrial processes. In these cases
impurities such as, for example, heavy metals and
organic halogen compounds can appear, which
are conditioned by production or the natural prop-
erties of the initial raw materials.
It is to be assumed that the impurities are taken up
in the precipitation sludge and appropriately in-
crease the loads in the sewage sludge produced.
With a view to phosphate recycling these impuri-
ties should as far as possible be avoided.

Table 1: Common precipitants

Chemical Typical Storage and Effective Normal active pH value of the

formula form of delivery dosing cation for p- substance (saturated)
and density or precipita- content in g/kg solution
Product description
bulk weight tion and mol/kg
3
in t/m delivery form

3+
Aluminium chloride AlCl3 Solution Tank Al 58 – 60
1.3 Acid-resistant 2.2 1
pump
3+
Aluminium iron(III) chlo- AlCl3 + FeCl3 Solution Tank Al 19
3+
ride 1.15 Acid resistant Fe 10 1
pump 0.9
3+
Aluminium sulphate Al2(SO4)3 Granulate, po- Silo Al 40
wder Screw 1.5
1
Solution Tank 24 3
1.27 Pump 0.9
3+
Aluminium iron(III - [Al2(SO4)3 + Granulate Silo Al 82
3+
sulphate Fe2(SO4)3] · n H2O 0.95 Screw and Fe 10 2
eccentric pump 3.2

2+ 3+
Iron(II) chloride FeCl2 Solution Tank Fe → Fe 86 – 135
1.24 – 1.37 Acid resistant 1.5 – 2.4 1
pump
3+
Iron(III.-chloride FeCl3 Solution Tank Fe 135 – 138
1.41 – 1.43 Acid resistant 2.4 – 2.5 1
pump
3+
Iron(III) chloride sulphate FeClSO4 Solution Tank Fe 123
1.43 – 1.52 Acid resistant 2.2 1
pump
2+ 3+
Iron(II) sulphate FeSO4 · 7 H2O Residual moistu- Ponding bunker Fe → Fe 178 – 195
re (green) salt Pump 3.2 – 3.5 2
1
2+ 3+
Iron(II) sulphate FeSO4 · n H2O Granulate Silo Fe → Fe 195
0.8 Screw and 3.5 3
eccentric pump
3+
Iron(III) sulphate Fe2(SO4)3 Solution Tank Fe 118
1.5 Acid resistant 2.1 1
pump

Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Powder Silo 376

2+
White lime hydrate 0.45 Screw Ca 9.4
(slaked lime) Suspension Tank 75
Stabilised milk of lime 1.15 Eccentric pump 1.9 12.5
(20 % by wt.)

3+
Sodium aluminate NaAl(OH)4 Solution Tank Al 62 – 105
1.3 – 1.5 Pump 2.3 – 3.9 14
3+
Polyaluminium (hy- [Al(OH)3-xClx]n Solution Tank Al 70 – 90
droxide) chloride (PAC) 1.2 – 1.37 Acid resistant 2.6 – 3.3 1-3
pump
3+
Polyaluminium- Alx(OH)yClz(SO4)k Solution Tank Al 52 – 90
(hydroxide)-chloride- 1.4 Acid resistant 1
sulphate pump 1.9 – 3.3
3+
Polyaluminium iron(III) [Al(OH)3-xClx]n Solution Tank Al 59
3+
chloride + FeCl3 1.3 Acid resistant Fe 6 – 15 1
pump 2.3 – 2.5

8 April 2004