Manures, Fertilizers & Agrochemicals

Ag. Chem. 6.3 (2+1=3)

Sixth Semester B.Sc.By (Hons) Agri.
Dr. Ashokkumar V. Rajani, Asstt.
Professor
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science
College of Agriculture
Junagadh Agricultural University,
Junagadh – 362 001

Year 2019
CHEMISTRY
Our life is likely to be a Chemistry
Just dilute your sorrows
Evaporate your worries
Filter your mistakes
Boil your ego
You will get crystals of happiness
2
3S Formula
Skill
Scale
Speed

Making Life for Future

Skill
Knowledge
Talent 3
Manures, Fertilizers

and

Agrochemicals
Syllabus
1.Introduction
2.Manures
3.Fertilizers
4.Biofertilizers
5.Agro - Chemicals
Botanical Insecticides
Synthetic organic insecticides
Herbicides
Fungicides
Plant growth regulators 5
Reference Books :
1. Manures and fertilizers: K. S. Yawalkar
J. P. Agrawal & S. Bokde
2. Manures and fertilizers: P. C. Das
3. A handbook of soil, fertilizer and manures:
P.K. Gupta
4. Soil fertility and nutrient management:
G. L. Maliwal & L. L. Somani
5. Fundamentals of soil science: C. E. Miller
L. M. Turk
6. Comprehension book of soil science
laboratory analysis: Ashokkumar V. Rajani
Chapter – 1
Introduction
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INTRODUCTION
 India is the third largest producer and consumer of fertilizers
in the world, after China and USA.
 It accounts for 12.2% of the world's production of N and P
 12.6% of the world's consumption of N, P & K nutrients.
 India's consumption of nutrients per hectare (112.3 kg/ha of
arable land in 2006-07) was marginally above the world
average of 101 kg/ha (2004-05).

 Lower than consumption of these nutrients by most of the

developing countries, including neighboring countries like
China (277.7kg/ha), Bangladesh (177.5kg/ha), Sri Lanka (310.3
kg/ha) and Pakistan (138.9 kg/ha).
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 TYPE OF FERTILIZERS PRODUCED IN INDIA

Type of fertilizers Grade

Straight Nitrogenous
Ammonium Sulphate (AS) 20.6% N
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) 25%N
Ammonium Chloride 25%N
Urea 46%N
Straight Phosphatic
Single Super Phosphate (SSP) 16% P2O5
Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) 46% P2O5
NP/NPK Complex Fertilizers
Urea Ammonium Phosphate 24-24-0
28-28-0
14-35-14
Ammonium Phosphate Sulphate 16-20-0
20-20-0
Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) 18-46-0
Mono Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) 11 -52-0
Nitro Phosphate 20-20-0
23-23-0
Nitro Phosphate with Potash 15-15-15
NP/NPKs 17-17-17
14-28-14
19-19-19
10-26-26
12-32-16 9

Source: Department of fertilizer

LIST OF STRAIGHT NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER PLANTS ( UREA, AS,
CAN, ACI)

Gujarat
1. Cyanides & Chemicals Ltd., Surat AS
Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Urea,
2. Co. Ltd. (GNFC), Bharuch CAN
Gujarat State Fertilizers& Urea,
3. Chemicals Ltd (GSFC), Vadodara AS
4. GSFC-Polymer Unit, Vadodara AS
Indian Farmers Fertilizer Coop. Urea
5. Ltd. (IFFCO), Kalol
Urea
Krishak Bharati Coop.Ltd.
6. (KRIBHCO) (2 Plants) Hazira
Source: Indian fertilizer scenario-2014

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LIST OF DAP AND OTHER COMPLEX FERTILIZER PLANTS

Gujarat
Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Co. Ltd.
1. (GNFC) Bharuch - ANP
Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals Ltd.
2. (GSFC) Sikka - DAP & NPKs

Baroda - DAP & NPK

3. Hindalco Industries Limited (HIL) Dahej - DAP & NPKs

Indian Farmers Fertilizers Co-operative Ltd.
4. (IFFCO) Kandla - DAP & NPKs

Source: Indian fertilizer scenario-2014

LIST OF SSP FERTILISER PLANTS

1 Aarti Fertilizers Limited, Valsad

2 Liberty Phosphates Ltd, Baroda

3 Nirma Ltd, Ahmedabad
Narmada Agro Chemicals Pvt. Ltd;
4 Junagadh
5 Sona Phosphates Ltd , Valsad
6 T.J.Agro Industries Ltd., Navsari
Narmada Bio Chem Private Ltd.,
7 Ahmedabad

Source: Indian fertilizer scenario-2014

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N:P:K CONSUMPTION RATIO

S. No. Year NPK Ratio

1 1990-91 6.0 : 2.4 : 1
2 1991-92 5.9 : 2.4 : 1
3 1992-93 9.5 : 3.2 : 1
4 1993-94 9.7 : 2.9 : 1
5 1994-95 8.4 : 2.6 : 1
6 1995-96 8.5 : 2.5 : 1
7 1996-97 10.0 : 2.9 :1
8 1997-98 7.9 : 2.8 : 1
9 1998-99 8.5 : 3.1 : 1
10 1999-00 6.9 : 2.9 : 1
11 2000-01 7.0 : 2.7 : 1
12 2001-02 6.8 : 2.6 : 1 13
 13 2002-03 6.5 : 2.5 : 1
14 2003-04 6.9 : 2.6 : 1
15 2004-05 5.7 : 2.2 : 1
16 2005-06 5.3 : 2.2 : 1
17 2006-07 5.9 : 2.4 :1
18 2007-08 5.5 : 2.1 :1
19 2008-09 4.6 : 2.0 :1
20 2009-10 4.3 :2.0 :1
21 2010-11 4.7 :2.3 :1
22 2011-12 6.7 :3.1 :1
23 2012-13 8.2 :3.2 :1
24 2013-14 9.7 :2.7 :1
Ideal Ratio 4:2:1
Source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation(DAC) 14
 Production and consumption of fertilizers(In’000 tone of nutrient)

Fertilizer 2004-05 2013-14

Production Consumption Production Consumption
Nitrogenous ferti. 11338 11714 12378 16750
Phosphatic ferti. 4067 4624 3714 5633
Potassic ferti. 2045 2060 1926 2098
All forms 15405 18398 16092 24481
Source: Indian fertilizer scenario-2014

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Availability and sales of fertilizer during 2009-10 to 2013-14(Lakh MT)

Fertilizer 2009-10 2013-14

Availability Sales Availability Sales
Urea 130.83 122.78 155.76 153.55
DAP 65.19 61.34 40.96 36.73
MOP 22.51 18.62 12.33 10.93
Complex 36.96 34.81 47.03 42.55

Source: Indian fertilizer scenario-2014

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 Nutrients are taken up in the form of ions and incorporated into the
plant structure or stored in the cell sap.

 The impressive growth of consumption of fertilizer in India in the

post-green revolution period ensured increase in food grain
production from 74.0 million tones in 1966-67 to 287.0 MT during
2017-18.

 During the last 7 years and the rate of growth of food production has
shown a declining trend, in spite of increase in fertilizer consumption
during recent times, due to the adverse impact of imbalanced use of
fertilizers on food-grain production and productivity.

 Indian soils not only show deficiency of NPK but also of secondary
nutrients (Sulphur, Calcium and Magnesium) and micro nutrients
(Boron, Zinc, Copper and Iron etc.) Some such problems include:

 Greater mining of soil nutrients to the extent of 10 million tones

every year depleting soil fertility.

 Emerging deficiencies of secondary and micronutrients. 17

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 Decline of water table and quality of water.
 Decreasing organic carbon content.
 Overall deterioration in soil health.
Timely corrective action, necessitates
balanced use of fertilizers. Balanced fertilization is
normally defined as the timely application of all
essential plant nutrients (which include primary,
secondary and micronutrients) in readily available
form, in optimum quantities and in the right
proportion, through the correct method, suitable for
specific soil/crop conditions.
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 *Components of balanced fertilization include judicious
use of chemical fertilizers based on deficient soil nutrients as
established by soil testing in conjunction with other sources of
plant nutrients such as organic manures and bio-fertilizers.
*Uses of soil amendments for acidic/alkaline soils also
need to be promoted to improve soil health and its fertility
thereby ensuring adequate availability of nutrients in soils to
meet the requirement of plants at critical stages of growth and
thus ensuring adequate soil humus to improve physico-chemical
and biological properties of the soil.

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List of All Revolutions:
• Black Revolution – Petroleum Production
• Blue Revolution – Fish Production
• Brown Revolution – Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production
• Golden Fiber Revolution – Jute Production
• Golden Revolution – Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey
Production
• Green Revolution – Food grains
• Grey Revolution – Fertilizer
• Pink Revolution – Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India) /Prawn
production
• Red Revolution – Meat & Tomato Production
• Round Revolution – Potato
• Silver Fiber Revolution – Cotton
• Silver Revolution – Egg/Poultry Production
• White Revolution (In India: Operation Flood) – Milk/Dairy production
• Yellow Revolution – Oil Seeds production
• Evergreen Revolution – Overall development of Agriculture
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