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 Enterprise Networking, Security, and Automation v7.02

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 /  Single-Area OSPFv2 Concepts /  OSPF Packets

Enterprise Networking,
Security, and Automation

OSPF Packets
Single-Area OSPFv2
1 
Concepts
1.2.1

1.0 Introduction 
Video - OSPF Packets 

OSPF Features and

1.1
Characteristics 

Click Play in the figure to view a video about OSPF packets.

1.2 OSPF Packets 

1.2.1 Video - OSPF Packets

1.2.2 Types of OSPF Packets

1.2.3 Link-State Updates

1.2.4 Hello Packet

Check Your Understanding - OSPF

1.2.5
Packets

1.3 OSPF Operation 

1.4 Module Practice and Quiz 

Single-Area OSPFv2
2 
Configuration

3 Network Security Concepts 

4 ACL Concepts  1.2.2

5 ACLs for IPv4 Configuration 

Types of OSPF Packets 

6 NAT for IPv4  Link-state packets are the tools used by OSPF to help determine the fastest available route for a packet. OSPF uses the
following link-state packets (LSPs) to establish and maintain neighbor adjacencies and exchange routing updates. Each packet
serves a specific purpose in the OSPF routing process, as follows:
7 WAN Concepts 
Type 1: Hello packet - This is used to establish and maintain adjacency with other OSPF routers.
Type 2: Database Description (DBD) packet - This contains an abbreviated list of the LSDB of the sending router and is
used by receiving routers to check against the local LSDB. The LSDB must be identical on all link-state routers within an area
8 VPN and IPsec Concepts  to construct an accurate SPF tree.
Type 3: Link-State Request (LSR) packet - Receiving routers can then request more information about any entry in the DBD
by sending an LSR.
9 QoS Concepts  Type 4: Link-State Update (LSU) packet - This is used to reply to LSRs and to announce new information. LSUs contain
several different types of LSAs.
Type 5: Link-State Acknowledgment (LSAck) packet - When an LSU is received, the router sends an LSAck to confirm
10 receipt of the LSU. The LSAck data field is empty.
Network Management 

The table summarizes the five different types of LSPs used by OSPFv2. OSPFv3 has similar packet types.
11 Network Design 
Type Packet Name Description

1 Hello Discovers neighbors and builds adjacencies between them

12 Network Troubleshooting 
2 Database Description (DBD) Checks for database synchronization between routers

3 Link-State Request (LSR) Requests specific link-state records from router to router
13 Network Virtualization 
4 Link-State Update (LSU) Sends specifically requested link-state records

5 Link-State Acknowledgment (LSAck) Acknowledges the other packet types

14 Network Automation 

1.2.3

Link-State Updates 

Routers initially exchange Type 2 DBD packets, which is an abbreviated list of the LSDB of the sending router. It is used by
receiving routers to check against the local LSDB.

A Type 3 LSR packet is used by the receiving routers to request more information about an entry in the DBD.

The Type 4 LSU packet is used to reply to an LSR packet.

A Type 5 packet is used to acknowledge the receipt of a Type 4 LSU.

 LSUs are also used to forward OSPF routing updates, such as link changes. Specifically, an LSU packet can contain 11 different
types of OSPFv2 LSAs, with some of the more common ones shown in the figure. OSPFv3 renamed several of these LSAs and
also contains two additional LSAs.

Note: The difference between the LSU and LSA terms can sometimes be confusing because these terms are often used
interchangeably. However, an LSU contains one or more LSAs.
Enterprise Networking,
Security, and Automation LSUs Contain LSAs

Single-Area OSPFv2 LSUs

1 
Concepts

Type Packet Description

1.0 Introduction  Name

1 Hello Discovers neighbors and builds adjacencies between

OSPF Features and them
1.1
Characteristics 
2 DBD Checks for database synchronization between routers

3 LSR Requests specific link-state records from router to

1.2 OSPF Packets  router
4 LSU Sends specifically requested link-state records
1.2.1 Video - OSPF Packets
5 LSAck Acknowledges the other packet types

1.2.2 Types of OSPF Packets

1.2.3 Link-State Updates

LSAs

1.2.4 Hello Packet

LSA Description
Type
Check Your Understanding - OSPF
1.2.5
Packets
1 Router LSAs
2 Network LSAs
1.3 OSPF Operation  3 or 4 Summary LSAs
5 Autonomous System External LSAs
1.4 Module Practice and Quiz  6 Multicast OSPF LSAs
7 Defined for Not-So-Stubby Areas
Single-Area OSPFv2 8 External Attributes LSA for Border Gateway Patrol (BGPs)
2 
Configuration

An LSU contains one or more LSAs.

3 Network Security Concepts  LSAs contain route information for destination networks.

4 ACL Concepts 

5 ACLs for IPv4 Configuration  1.2.4

Hello Packet 
6 NAT for IPv4 

The OSPF Type 1 packet is the Hello packet. Hello packets are used to do the following:
7 WAN Concepts 

Discover OSPF neighbors and establish neighbor adjacencies.

Advertise parameters on which two routers must agree to become neighbors.
8 VPN and IPsec Concepts  Elect the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) on multiaccess networks like Ethernet. Point-to-point
links do not require DR or BDR.

9 QoS Concepts  The figure displays the fields contained in the OSPFv2 Type 1 Hello packet.

10
OSPF Hello Packet Content
Network Management 

11 Network Design  OSPF Packet Type-Specific

Date Link IP Packet OSPF Packet
Frame Header Header Header Data

Hello Packet
12 Network Troubleshooting  Bit(s): 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 31
Version Type = 1 Packet Length
13 Network Virtualization  Router ID
Area ID
OSPF Packet
14 Network Automation 
Headers Checksum AuType
Authentication
Authentication
Network Mask

Hello Interval Option Router Priority

OSPF Hello Dead Interval

Packets
Designated Router (DR)
Backup Designated Router (BDR)
List of Neighbor(s)
 1.2.5

Check Your Understanding - OSPF Packets 

Enterprise Networking,
Security, and Automation

 Check your understanding of OSPF packets by choosing the BEST answer to the following questions.
Single-Area OSPFv2
1 
Concepts
1. Which of the following OSPF packets contains an abbreviated list of the LSDB
of the sending router?
1.0 Introduction 

Type 1: Hello packet

OSPF Features and
1.1
Characteristics  Type 2: DBD packet

Type 3: LSR packet

1.2 OSPF Packets 
Type 4: LSU packet

1.2.1 Video - OSPF Packets Type 5: LSAck packet

1.2.2 Types of OSPF Packets 2. Which of the following OSPF packets is used by routers to announce new
information?

1.2.3 Link-State Updates Type 1: Hello packet

Type 2: DBD packet

1.2.4 Hello Packet
Type 3: LSR packet

Check Your Understanding - OSPF Type 4: LSU packet

1.2.5
Packets
Type 5: LSAck packet

1.3 OSPF Operation 

3. Which of the following OSPF packets is used by routers to request more
information?
1.4 Module Practice and Quiz 
Type 1: Hello packet

Single-Area OSPFv2 Type 2: DBD packet

2 
Configuration Type 3: LSR packet

Type 4: LSU packet

3 Network Security Concepts  Type 5: LSAck packet

4. Which of the following OSPF packets is responsible for establishing and

4 ACL Concepts  maintaining adjacency with other OSPF routers?

Type 1: Hello packet

5 ACLs for IPv4 Configuration  Type 2: DBD packet

Type 3: LSR packet

6 NAT for IPv4  Type 4: LSU packet

Type 5: LSAck packet

7 WAN Concepts 
5. Which of the following OSPF packets is used to confirm receipt of an LSA?

Type 1: Hello packet

8 VPN and IPsec Concepts 
Type 2: DBD packet

Type 3: LSR packet

9 QoS Concepts 
Type 4: LSU packet

Type 5: LSAck packet

10 Network Management 
6. Which of the following is used with the Hello Packet to uniquely identify the
originating router?
11 Network Design 
Hello Interval

Router ID Check
12 Network Troubleshooting 
Designated Router ID
Show Me
Network Mask
13 Network Virtualization  Dead Interval
Reset

14 Network Automation 

 OSPF Features and Characteristics 

1.1 1.3
OSPF Operation