Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INDUX
X-RAY FILMS
FOMA BOHEMIA spol. s r.o., Jana Krušinky 1604, 501 04 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
Tel.: +420 495 733 288, Fax: +420 495 733 376 elongated/worm shrinkage
foma@foma.cz, www.foma.eu hole porosity mark CD4
FOMA 2008
EXAMPLES OF SELECTED WELD DEFECTS
PICTURES OF THE DEFECTS WERE MADE USING THE INDUX OR FOMADUX FILMS.
SAND AND SLAG INCLUSIONS SAND AND SLAG INCLUSIONS SHRINKAGE SHRINKAGE
mark B3 mark B4 mark CA3 mark CA4
fingers.
established in Hradec Kralove. The products were manufactured under the trade name FOMA. The Company began
with the production of photographic plates and processing chemicals. The production of black-and-white
photographic papers was started after ten years of the operation of the Company. The production of the black-and-
white roll films was started one year later.
The product assortment was extended by X-ray films, black-and-white films for positive copies, technical black-and-
PICTURES OF THE DEFECTS WERE MADE USING THE INDUX OR FOMADUX FILMS.
other accessories
have became the principal programmes of the Company.
D
FOMA Ltd. has introduced the quality system according to ISO 9001 from 1997. This is certified annually by the
processing.
independent audit that proves that all activities of the Company are in compliance with the international standard of
the quality system ISO 9001.
films
The continuously increasing sales prove the ability of the Company to react flexibly and promptly even to non-
traditional orders of customers. FOMA Ltd. exports its products to more than 50 countries all around the world.
l
FOMA'S manufacturing programme
– Black-and-white negative and reversal films, black-and-white photographic papers, colour negative films.
buildings as well as traffic operations, ECG and tachographic papers, foils for criminological and technical
H
C
applications.
– mechanical pinch.
– dry water drops.
PP-97480
FILM VIEWER FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY
Characteristics
PP-97480 film viewer is an innovative successor of a good-selling
PP-9748 film viewer. The PP-97480 film viewer is intended for
visual checking of developed radiographs of high densities range,
especially of films for industrial radiography the sizes of which are
100x480 mm and similar ones. The viewed radiographs are laid on
opaque glass screen and they are lit through with an intensive light
source.
Film viewer using size-reduction masks with magnetic holding is
also suitable for films of 60mm width or other small film sizes.
The mains cable and the foot-switch cable are removable for easy
transport. The innovative construction of the light reflector
increases available brightness of the screen. A new shape of air
vents increases the air-cooling and reduces a noise. Also total
weight is reduced.
PP-97480 film viewer consists of a solid steel sheet case with powder-painted surface. In both sides of the viewer case cooling fans
are built in, providing forced cooling of the internal space of viewer. Air intake and air deflectors arrangement inside the viewer case
provide a contra flow cooling of optical elements. Hot air is taken out through the perforation holes in both the case sides. This
arrangement provides a maximum cooling of viewer screen with good impact on the elimination of heat deformation of the viewed
films. The viewer is equipped with a flexible handle for enabling easy carrying.
The light power of the used iodide bulbs is increased by a light reflector, which also decreases the negative impact of thermal
radiation on the viewer case. The light source arrangement in combination with the used opaque glasses provide a low disturbance
of the luminance of the viewing screen and a high brightness level necessary for the viewing of films with high densities. The heat
stress of radiographs is minimized by the dethermal glass filter.
The light source is powered from mains with a triac phase-controlled regulation unit. After switching on the film viewer with a main
switch, a dimmed luminance of the screen is set. After pressing the foot-switch a setting knob on the front panel can be used for
regulating of the screen brightness within the whole range (0-100%). Setting the above mentioned dimmed background luminance
decreases the exhaustion of the operator’s eyes during the manipulating with developed radiographs in dark environment. The
advantages of the foot-switch control are especially decreasing of electricity consumption, and a heat stress of the viewer, and doing
away with a thermal curling of the radiographs.
Technical parameters
Note: Also PP-97240 film viewer, dedicated for 10x24 cm and similar film sizes is available.
FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM
Optical density
0.5
higher
Images quality
R5
resolution of defects presented. of calibration, which confirms the connection of calibrating measuring instrument, the practically measured data and
R7 measurement uncertainty.
lower
R8
Application
Packaging forms INDUX line films are manufactured
FOMASTEP 30 is being used for checking and calibration of working measuring instruments operating densitometers.
in the following packaging forms:
• Daylight packaging (FOMAPAK) – a single-sheet vacuum-sealed packaging with lead screens 0,025 mm Packaging form
thick, sizes: 6x10, 6x12, 6x16, 6x20, 6x24, 6x30, 6x40, 6x 48, 10x10, 10x12, 10x16, 10x20, 10x24, FOMASTEP 30 is made out from polyester base and exposed using the light method. Etalon is in covering envelope from
10x30, 10x40 and 10x48 cm in a box of 50 sheets; format 30x40 cm in boxes of 25 sheets. The polyester and together with relevant protocol of calibration is inserted in labelled envelope (name of the producer, product name,
FOMAPAK vacuum-sealed packaging ensures optimum contact of film surface with lead screens, simple and date of production).
handling, being light-tight, air-tight and waterproof. Storage
• Darkroom packaging (KB) – sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in a box Both opened and unopened product must be stored in a dry and air place at the temperature of 5 to 20°C and at a relative humidity
of 100 sheets; sizes: 10x20, 18 x 24, 24 x 30, 30 x 40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) in a box of 50 of 30 to 50 %.
sheets. Other sizes are subject to an agreement with the manufacturer. Warranty
• FOMADUX ROLLFILM – a daylight roll film packaging sized 70 mm x 90 m or 100 mm x 90 m with lead Recommended time for recalibration of etalon is determined to 6 months from the date of measurement, stated
screens 0,025 mm thick or without lead screens (DW) and bare rollfilm (BLR), wound on a paper core in protocol. Maximal usable life of etalon is 12 month from the date of measurement.
and packed in a cardboard dispenser box.
• Packaging forms with lead screens are suitable for use with voltages above 100 kV.
• Packaging forms without lead screens are suitable for use with voltages below 100 kV.
Sensitivity to safelight illumination
General sensitivity to visible light has been reduced in INDUX line films by adding a filter dye into the
emulsion layers. The reduction of sensitivity to visible light does not influence the sensitivity to ionizing
radiation. Therefore the INDUX line films may be processed under brighter safelight illumination in
darkroom. The danger of unwanted film fog is lower and the operator´s fatigue is limited. The INDUX line
films can be processed under indirect safelighting with a wavelength higher than 590 nm, as rendered by a
dark-red or olive-green safelight filter. A diode illumination with a wavelength over 590 nm is a convenient
alternative. It is advisable to test real working conditions in advance.
Processing chemicals
INDUX line films are designed for both manual and automatic processing using FOMADUX line chemicals
supplied as liquid concentrates. For manual processing and automatic processing/replenishment
FOMADUX LP-T Developer and FOMADUX LP-D Developer/Replenisher should be used respectively.
FOMAFIX is a concentrated rapid fixer to which FOMAFIX H hardener should be added for automatic
processing.The processing stability as rendered by EN 584-2 may be checked and dokumented by means
of preexposed FOMATEST SC 981 tests. The tests enable to discover any deviation in processing quality
against standard conditions, to decide in time whether chemicals should be changed and improve the
economy of film processing procedure.
FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM
FOMATEST THIO
THE KIT FOR CHECKING STABILITY OF PROCESSED X-RAY FILMS Stability of the processed radiographs
The stability of processed radiographs depends on perfect fixing and washing of film. On following
Rating of the product prescribed processing conditions, a minimum archiving time of 10 years is quaranteed. To ensure even a
FOMATEST THIO is a kit for a simple check of stability of processed X-ray films INDUX in terms of their ability to be archived. By longer archiving time, it is recommended to check the processing using the FOMATEST THIO test kit.
means of the test kit inadequate fixing and washing processing of the film, whick makes the stability of the exposed image and the Correctly processed films have a theoretical life expectancy of up to 500 years.
service life of the film shorter may be determined immediately.
Storage
The FOMATEST THIO kit is supplied in a box containing a small bottle with 30 ml of FOMATEST THIO, a dropper, an etalon strip,
Unexposed INDUX line films should be stored in original intact light-tight packagings, in a dry
application instructions, and a package of paper filters.
environment, out of reach of aggressive vapours and gases, at the lowest temperature possible. An ideal
Testing storage temperature should be between 5 to 21 oC and relative humidity from 40 to 60%. Long time
Selection of the test area storage at higher temperatures accelerates unwanted physical and chemical changes in the emulsion
The test is done on a completely processed and dry radiogram, where an absolutely clear and unexposed spot of about 1 square layers. Films should be stored out of reach of ionizing radiation with an intensity exceeding 100 nGy per
cm is selected (which is not part of the image, because the chemicals leave yellowish coloration). If there is no such spot on the hour.
film, the test may be performed on an unexposed film that was processed under identical conditions as the tested radiogram. Films stored in a refrigerator and a freezer should be acclimatized to room temperature for approx. 2 and
The basic test approx. 6 hours respectively.
The dropper is held about 1 to 2 cm above the tested zone of the film and one drop of FOMATEST THIO is released without the Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.
dropper touching the surface. The chemical reacts within 2 minutes plus minus 15 sec. Using a small piece of the filter paper the Services, consultancy, additional assortment
drop is absorbed carefully, again without touching the tested area of the film at all. The remaining fluid is removed by pressing FOMA BOHEMIA spol. s r.o. (Ltd.) provides for a wide range of technical assistance concerning methods
finger lightly on the filter paper. The emulsion must not be damaged by the filter paper. The tested zone is dried by airflow. The of applying and correctly processing of INDUX line NDT films.The manufacturer also offers additional
described procedure is repeated on the reverse side of the film on the same place. assortment for the NDT sphere, such as gauges, film viewers, darkroom safelightning, densitometers, and
Test evaluation the like.
The film must be protected against the effects of direct sunlight or other intense light sources. The film must be evaluated as soon Quality assurance programme
as possible, not later than 30 minutes after the test. Delay in evaluation may result in incorrect evaluation, because the yellow spot The INDUX line films have been subject to continuous improvements. The objective quality checking is
on the tested area darkens gradually. The tested area is placed over a standard white background and compared visually with the quaranteed by an automatic laser checking and grouping inspection equipment. Film speed parameters
enclosed etalon strip positioned next to the test spot. The etalon colour that is closest to the colour of the spot identifies the are tested by a special X-ray equipment and evaluated by an automatic apparatus.
expected life of the radiograph.
Colour grades of the etalon correspond to values in the following table:
Color grade Content of thio-sulphate (S2O3)2total Archivability in years
– on both sides of the film (g/m2) Life expectancy (LE)1/
1. darkest more than 0.35 not capable of being archived, find and correct
error,requires additional processing2/
Storage
The solution must be stored in a dry and cool, preferably dark place. The bottle must be closed tight after use. The color chips
should be protected against contact with chemical solutions (alcohol, acetone, ethers, etc.).
Safety precautions
Avoid contact of FOMATEST THIO solution with the skin, clothing, and photographic materials. Should the skin or eyes come into
contact with FOMATEST THIO, the affected spot should be rinsed with clear water immediately. The solution stains and the spots
are difficult to remove.
FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM
mA.min
Boxes of 25 sheets of daylight packaging: test strips are results are used that were measured and recorded at
special.
exposed on INDUX R5 or INDUX R7 film, size 6 x 24cm, and the beginning of the whole series, usually in fresh
Applications supplied as one-sheet, vacuum – sealed, lead screen containing processing solutions. During regular monitoring of
INDUX R2 is suitable for applications where extraordinary demands on FOMAPAK packages. the process, the measured test strip speed and
the quality of radiographs are made, e.g. for the detection of critical 10
contrast index should not exceed the tolerable
small-sized defects in thin-walled steel parts/products, for the Test film exposure
deviations from the reference data. In a chart,
radiography of light metal parts/products of usual thickness, plastics and To make a FOMATEST SC 981 test strips, a control pattern
monitored values are plotted against time. If all
composite materials in machine, electrical and aircraft industries, etc. is X-ray exposed at Indux R5 or Indux R7 film. The test
parameters are within the tolerated limits, the
For the radiography of thick-walled parts/products, exposures should be pattern consists of 10 fields with stepwise increasing
process is considered satisfactory. More detailed
prolonged accordingly. exposure, completed by an area for minimum density
1
10 20 30 40 50 instructions for use are attached.
Packaging forms mm Fe reading and a space for sample identification data.
daylight packaging (FOMAPAK) one-sheet vacuum-sealed packaging Gamma rays (Iridium 192) Darkroom illumination
Dx Dx+4
with lead screens of 0,025 mm thickness
1000 SC 981 test strips are handled and processed in the
GBq.h
m
Sizes: 6x10, 6x12, 6x16, 6x20, 6x24, 6x30, 6x40, 6x48, 10x10, 10x12, F
SD
2
=1 m
0c
c FOMA
same way as other films of INDUX series, i.e. under
Ci.h
10 10000
10x16, 10x20, 10x24, 10x30, 10x40 and 10x48 cm 80
cm EN 584-2 indirect safelighting with a wavelength over 520 nm.
in boxes of 50 sheets. 100
60
cm
4000 Agfa R1safelight filter (dark red) or Agfa G7 (olive
Sizes: 30x40 cm in boxes of 25 sheets. 40
cm 2000 4 fields
field No X+4
green) should be used with 25W bulb or LED
The vacuum-sealed packaging FOMAPAK ensures optimum contact of 1000
sources (590 or 660 nm), at a minimum distance of
field for reading minimal field with density
film surface with lead screens, simple handling, and is light-tight, air- 20
cm
density of about D=2 (field No X)
75 cm.
Processing
400
10
tight and waterproof.
Application
200
darkroom packaging (KB) Test strips are designed for monitoring and control of
Sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in
100
1. Proof of standard processing according to EN 584-2 any process used by a customer. Processing
boxes of 100 sheets. 1
Classification of a film system into C1–C6 classes according parameters are those commonly used by a
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Sizes: 10x20, 18x24, 24x30, 30x40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) mm Fe
to EN 584-2 anticipates a standard processing quality. If a customer, usually as recommended by the
in boxes of 50 sheets. Gamma rays (Cobalt 60) proof should be presented to a customer that a given film processing baths manufacturer. Processing based
Other sizes are subject to be agreed with the manufacturer. 1000
series has been classified correctly according to EN 584-1 by on other than FOMADUX baths may be also
GBq.h
Film base 12 0
cm
an NDT workstation, it is necessary to check the processing monitored by SC 981 test strips.
cm
Ci.h
optical density
4
length. Contact of the film with a wet or impure object has no corresponding processing chemicals of other manufacturers,
effect on the quality of the final radiograph. for example developer Agfa G135 for automatic processing
How to remove the film from the package before processing: In 2 minutes of developer immersion time at 28 °C or for manual
a dark room hold the non-printed part of the package together processing 5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C.
3
with lead screen and the film with one hand and strip off the Archiving of processed films
printed part of the package and the second lead screen with the The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of mi-
other hand. Thus the film will be easily and quickly removed nimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
from the package. – films must be perfectly fixed and washed
Advantages of the rollfilm – films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of 2
The full length of the weld can be radiographed onto a single reach of harmful gases.
piece of film, i.e. we avoid using several film sheets for one Storage of unexposed films
weld. Required film length is determined according to the weld Unexposed films should be stored in the original packaging in a
length. Further advantages: cool, dry place (temperature ranging from 5 to 21 °C, relative 1
– Using without cassettes humidity from 40 to 60 %), out of reach of harmful vapours,
– Lightproof package is resistant to humidity and greasy gases and ionizing radiations. Films stored in a refrigerator and
impurities a freezer should be acclimatized to room temperature for
– By single usage films we avoid faults caused by their approx. 2 and approx. 6 hours respectively.
1 2 3
repeated usage Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible. log. rel. exposure
– Perfect contact between the film, lead screens and checked Packaging
object ensures optimal quality of the image Rollfilm with Pb Archiving of processed films
– The “edge to edge” packing system allows optimal use of the – lightproof, humidity and greasy resistant The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of
film surface where there is not sufficient space for placing the – sandwiched between two lead screens (thickness 0,025 mm) minimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
film – width 70 mm or 100 mm in length up to 90 m. – films must be perfectly fixed and washed
Processing Rollfilm DW – films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of reach
FOMADUX is intended both for the manual and automatic – lightproof, humidity and greasy resistant without lead screens of harmful gases.
processing. – especially intended for works using low to very low radiation Storage of unexposed films
Processing technology (<100 kV) Unexposed films should be stored in the vertical position in the
Long films must be processed carefully. Generally it is possible – width 70 mm or 100 mm in length up to 90 m. original packaging in a dry and cool place at a temperature
to split the film after marking it and then to process it in the Rollfilm BLR of 5 to 21 °C and at a relative humidity of 40 to 60 %, out of reach of
ordinary way or to fully exploit the advantages of the ROLLFILM – bare rollfilm harmful gases and any ionizing radiation.
package and to process it in full length. – intended for using in cassettes Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.
FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM
INDUX R3
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILM
General information Exposure charts for steel Processing
INDUX R3 is an industrial radiographic film intended for non-destructive For optical density D=2, front and back lead INDUX R8 is intended both for the manual and automatic
material testing using X- or gamma radiation. screens 0,025 mm thick, FOMADUX LP-T processing.
INDUX R3 is a low-speed, high-contrast, extremely fine-grain film with Developer 5 minutes at 20 °C). Recommended chemicals for the manual processing:
excellent sharpness suitable for radiography with or without lead FOMADUX LP-T Developer and Developer-Replenisher
screens. X-rays (FDD = 100 cm) (5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C, 1 + 3)
kV 100 140 180 220 260
INDUX R3 corresponds with the class C2 classification according to 100 FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer
EN 584-1 standard and according to ASTM E 1815 standard with class I. Recommended chemicals for the automatic processing:
mA.min
300
optical density
4
in boxes of 50 sheets. Gamma rays (Iridium 192)
Sizes: 30x40 cm in boxes of 25 sheets. 1000
GBq.h
The vacuum-sealed packaging FOMAPAK ensures optimum contact of
Ci.h
cm 10000
film surface with lead screens, simple handling, and is light-tight, air- =1
20
SFD 00 c
=1
m
Sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in SFD
= 40
cm 1000
SFD
boxes of 100 sheets.
400
Sizes: 10x20, 18x24, 24x30, 30x40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) 10
SFD
=2
0c
m 2
in boxes of 50 sheets. 200
Film base 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
INDUX R3 is manufactured on a dimensionally stable bluish polyester mm Fe
1
INDUX R8
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILM
General informationINDUX R8 is an industrial radiographic film intended Exposure charts for steel Processing
for non-destructive material testing using X- or gamma radiation. For optical density D=2, front and back lead INDUX R3 is intended both for the manual and automatic
INDUX R8 is a very high-speed, high-contrast, medium-grain film suitable screens 0,025 mm thick, FOMADUX LP-T processing.
for radiography with or without lead screens. Developer 5 minutes at 20 °C). Recommended chemicals for the manual processing:
INDUX R8 corresponds with the class C6 classification according to FOMADUX LP-T Developer and Developer-Replenisher
EN 584-1 standard and according to ASTM E 1815 standard with class III. X-rays (FDD = 100 cm)
kV 100 140 180
(5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C, 1 + 3)
Applications 100
220 FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer
INDUX R8 should be used for applications where the high film speed is an Recommended chemicals for the automatic processing:
mA.min
advantage, e.g. in the radiography of thick-walled parts/products and FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher
materials, engineering structures, etc. or when exposure times should be 260 (120 seconds of developer immersion time at 28 °C)
minimized. The usage of film in combination with fluorometalic screens FOMA LP-DS Developer Starter
results in further shortening of exposure times. 10
300 FOMAFIX + FOMAFIX H Hardening Rapid Fixer.
Packaging forms INDUX R3 can also be processed in corresponding processing
daylight packaging (FOMAPAK) one-sheet vacuum-sealed packaging chemicals of other manufacturers.
with lead screens of 0,025 mm thickness Sensitometric characteristic
Sizes: 6x10, 6x12, 6x16, 6x20, 6x24, 6x30, 6x40, 6x48, 10x10, 10x12, Source ISO 2 (220 kV/10 mA/8 mm Cu), automatic processing, FOMADUX LP-D
1 Developer, 8 minutes of processing time at 28 °C (corresponds with 120 seconds
10x16, 10x20, 10x24, 10x30, 10x40 and 10x48 cm 10 20 30 40
mm Fe
50
developer immersion time)
in boxes of 50 sheets. Gamma rays (Iridium 192) 4
optical density
Sizes: 30x40 cm in boxes of 25 sheets. 1000
GBq.h
film surface with lead screens, simple handling, and is light-tight, air-tight
Ci.h
10000
SF 00 cm 2000
Sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in 1
80
cm
1000
boxes of 100 sheets. 60
cm
Sizes: 10x20, 18x24, 24x30, 30x40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) in 10
40
cm
400
Film base
1
INDUX R8 is manufactured on a dimensionally stable bluish polyester 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
mm Fe
90
10000
Darkroom illumination 1 2 3
4000
INDUX R8 should be handled and processed under indirect safelight 100 log. rel. exposure
m
0c
illumination with a wavelength over 520 nm. Recommended are safelight 12 2000
100
cm Archiving of processed films
filters Agfa R1 filter (dark red) or Agfa G7 filter (olive-green) in a safelight cm
1000
80
The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of
lamp with a 25 watt bulb and placed in a distance of minimum 75 cm 60
cm
10
400
minimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
between the reflective surface and the film, or LED light sources with a 40
cm
200 – films must be perfectly fixed and washed
wavelength of 660 nm or 590 nm.
100 – films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of reach
1
20
c m
of harmful gases.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
mm Fe
140
Storage of unexposed films
Unexposed films should be stored in the vertical position in the
original packaging in a dry and cool place at a temperature
of 5 to 21 °C and at a relative humidity of 40 to 60 %, out of reach of
harmful gases and any ionizing radiation.
Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.
FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM
INDUX R4
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILM
General information Exposure charts for steel Processing
INDUX R4 is an industrial radiographic film intended for non-destructive For optical density D=2, front and back lead INDUX R7 is intended both for the manual and automatic
material testing using X- or gamma radiation. screens 0,025 mm thick, FOMADUX LP-T processing.
INDUX R4 is a medium-speed, high-contrast, extremely fine-grain film Developer 5 minutes at 20 °C). Recommended chemicals for the manual processing:
suitable for radiography with or without lead screens. It is an ideal film for FOMADUX LP-T Developer and Developer-Replenisher
most standard applications. X-rays (FDD = 100 cm) (5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C, 1 + 3)
kV 100 140 180 220
INDUX R4 corresponds with the class C3 classification according to 100
260
FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer
EN 584-1 standard and according to ASTM E 1815 standard with class I. Recommended chemicals for the automatic processing:
mA.min
Applications 300 FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher
INDUX R4 should be used at low voltages for the radiography of thin-to- (120 seconds of developer immersion time at 28 °C)
medium thick-walled light metal parts/ products. At higher voltages the FOMA LP-DS Developer Starter
film is suitable for the testing of thick-walled light metal or thin-walled 10 FOMAFIX + FOMAFIX H Hardening Rapid Fixer.
steel parts/products. With high-energy gamma rays the film is suitable for INDUX R7 can also be processed in corresponding processing
the radiography of thick-walled dense metal parts/products. chemicals of other manufacturers.
Packaging forms Sensitometric characteristic
Source ISO 2 (220 kV/10 mA/8 mm Cu), automatic processing, FOMADUX LP-D
daylight packaging (FOMAPAK) one-sheet vacuum-sealed packaging Developer, 8 minutes of processing time at 28 °C (corresponds with 120 seconds
1
with lead screens of 0,025 mm thickness 10 20 30 40
mm Fe
50 developer immersion time)
Sizes: 6x10, 6x12, 6x16, 6x20, 6x24, 6x30, 6x40, 6x48, 10x10, 10x12,
optical density
4
Gamma rays (Iridium 192)
10x16, 10x20, 10x24, 10x30, 10x40 and 10x48 cm in boxes 1000
of 50 sheets. m
0c
Sizes: 30x40 cm in boxes of 25 sheets. 12
Ci.h
D= 10000
SF m
0c
10
The vacuum-sealed packaging FOMAPAK ensures optimum contact of 80
c m
3
4000
film surface with lead screens, simple handling, and is light-tight, air-tight 100
60
cm
and waterproof. 40
cm
2000
Sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in 20
cm 400
10 2
boxes of 100 sheets. 200
Sizes: 10x20, 18x24, 24x30, 30x40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) in 100
boxes of 50 sheets.
Rollfilm packaging 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1
– rollfilm with lead screen mm Fe
10000
Other sizes are subject to be agreed with the manufacturer. 120
cm
1 2 3
cm
cm
4000 log. rel. exposure
80
INDUX R4 is manufactured on a dimensionally stable bluish polyester 60
cm 2000
Archiving of processed films
base of 0,175 mm thickness. cm
1000 The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of
40
Screens 10
400
minimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
Screens-packed kinds (FOMAPAK) content lead screens 0,025 mm cm 200
– films must be perfectly fixed and washed
20
thick, backed by a paper of 70 - 90 g/sq. m of basis weight, on both film – films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of reach
100
sides. of harmful gases.
Darkroom illumination 1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Storage of unexposed films
mm Fe
INDUX R4 should be handled and processed under indirect safelight Unexposed films should be stored in the vertical position in the
illumination with a wavelength over 520 nm. Recommended are safelight original packaging in a dry and cool place at a temperature
filters Agfa R1 filter (dark red) or Agfa G7 filter (olive-green) in a safelight of 5 to 21 °C and at a relative humidity of 40 to 60 %, out of reach of
lamp with a 25 watt bulb and placed in a distance of minimum 75 cm harmful gases and any ionizing radiation.
between the reflective surface and the film, or LED light sources with a Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.
wavelength of 660 nm or 590 nm.
FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM
INDUX R7
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILM
General informationINDUX R7 is an industrial radiographic film Exposure charts for steel Processing
intended for non-destructive material testing using X- or gamma For optical density D=2, front and back lead INDUX R4 is intended both for the manual and automatic
radiation. screens 0,025 mm thick, FOMADUX LP-T processing.
INDUX R7 is a high-speed, high-contrast, fine-grain film suitable for Developer 5 minutes at 20 oC). Recommended chemicals for the manual processing:
radiography with or without lead screens. FOMADUX LP-T Developer and Developer-Replenisher
INDUX R7 corresponds with the class C5 classification according to X-rays (FDD = 100 cm) (5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C, 1 + 3)
kV 100 140 180 220
EN 584-1 standard and according to ASTM E 1815 standard with class II. 100
FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer
Applications Recommended chemicals for the automatic processing:
mA.min
INDUX R7 should be used at low voltages for the radiography of medium- 260 FOMADUX LP-D Developer-Replenisher
walled light metal or thin-walled steel parts/products. At higher voltages (120 seconds of developer immersion time at 28 °C)
the film is suitable for the testing of thick-walled light metal or medium-
300 FOMA LP-DS Developer Starter
walled steel parts/products. With high-energy gamma rays the film is
10
FOMAFIX + FOMAFIX H Hardening Rapid Fixer.
suitable for the radiography of thicker-to-thickest dense metal INDUX R4 can also be processed in corresponding processing
parts/products. chemicals of other manufacturers.
Packaging forms Sensitometric characteristic
Source ISO 2 (220 kV/10 mA/8 mm Cu), automatic processing, FOMADUX LP-D
daylight packaging (FOMAPAK) one-sheet vacuum-sealed packaging 1 Developer, 8 minutes of processing time at 28 °C (corresponds with 120 seconds
10 20 30 40 50
with lead screens of 0,025 mm thickness mm Fe developer immersion time)
Sizes: 6x10, 6x12, 6x16, 6x20, 6x24, 6x30, 6x40, 6x48, 10x10, 10x12, Gamma rays (Iridium 192)
optical density
4
10x16, 10x20, 10x24, 10x30, 10x40 and 10x48 cm in boxes 1000
GBq.h
of 50 sheets.
Ci.h
and waterproof. 60
cm
1000
darkroom packaging (KB) 40
cm
400
Sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in 10
boxes of 50 sheets. 1
Rollfilm packaging 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
mm Fe
90
10000
cm
Screens 10
60 400 The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of
Screens-packed kinds (FOMAPAK) content lead screens 0,025 mm thick, 40
cm
200 minimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
backed by a paper of 70 - 90 g/sq. m of basis weight, on both film sides. 100 – films must be perfectly fixed and washed
cm
20
– films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of reach
Darkroom illumination 1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 of harmful gases.
INDUX R7 should be handled and processed under indirect safelight mm Fe
illumination with a wavelength over 520 nm. Recommended are safelight Storage of unexposed films
filters Agfa R1 filter (dark red) or Agfa G7 filter (olive-green) in a safelight Unexposed films should be stored in the vertical position in the
lamp with a 25 watt bulb and placed in a distance of minimum 75 cm original packaging in a dry and cool place at a temperature
between the reflective surface and the film, or LED light sources with a of 5 to 21 °C and at a relative humidity of 40 to 60 %, out of reach of
wavelength of 660 nm or 590 nm. harmful gases and any ionizing radiation.
Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.
FOMA NDT SYSTEM FOMA NDT SYSTEM
INDUX R5
INDUSTRIAL X-RAY FILM
General information Exposure charts for steel Processing
INDUX R5 is an industrial radiographic film intended for non-destructive For optical density D=2, front and back lead INDUX R5 is intended both for the manual and automatic
material testing using X- or gamma radiation. screens 0,025 mm thick, FOMADUX LP-T processing.
INDUX R5 is a standard-speed, high-contrast, very fine-grain film Developer 5 minutes at 20 °C). Recommended chemicals for the manual processing:
suitable for radiography with or without lead screens. It is an ideal film for FOMADUX LP-T Developer and Developer-Replenisher
most standard applications. X-rays
kV
(FDD
100
= 100
140
cm) 180 220 (5 minutes of developing time at 20 °C, 1 + 3)
100
INDUX R5 corresponds with the class C4 classification according to FOMAFIX Rapid Fixer
EN 584-1 standard and according to ASTM E 1815 standard with class I. Recommended chemicals for the automatic processing:
mA.min
260
optical density
4
The vacuum-sealed packaging FOMAPAK ensures optimum contact of Gamma rays (Iridium 192)
film surface with lead screens, simple handling, and is light-tight, air-tight 1000
GBq.h
and waterproof.
Ci.h
10000
darkroom packaging (KB) 0c
m
12
Sizes: 6x24, 6x40, 6x48, 10x12, 10x24, 10x40, 10x48 and 10x72 cm in 100
D=
SF 0 c
1
m 4000
3
boxes of 100 sheets. cm
2000
60 cm
Sizes: 10x20, 18x24, 24x30, 30x40 and 35x43 cm interleaved (IF, FW) in c m
80 1000
40
boxes of 50 sheets. 10
400
Rollfilm packaging 20
cm 200
2
– rollfilm with lead screen 100
10000
1000
thick, backed by a paper of 70 - 90 g/sq. m of basis weight, on both film Archiving of processed films
cm
60
sides. 10 4 0c
m 400
The manufacturer guarantees the archival permanence of
Darkroom illumination 200 minimum 50 years when complying with conditions following:
INDUX R5 should be handled and processed under indirect safelight 20
cm 100 – films must be perfectly fixed and washed
illumination with a wavelength over 520 nm. Recommended are safelight 1
– films must be stored at a relative humidity of 30 to 60% out of reach
filters Agfa R1 filter (dark red) or Agfa G7 filter (olive-green) in a safelight 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
mm Fe
140
of harmful gases.
lamp with a 25 watt bulb and placed in a distance of minimum 75 cm Storage of unexposed films
between the reflective surface and the film, or LED light sources with a Unexposed films should be stored in the vertical position in the
wavelength of 660 nm or 590 nm. original packaging in a dry and cool place at a temperature
of 5 to 21 °C and at a relative humidity of 40 to 60 %, out of reach of
harmful gases and any ionizing radiation.
Exposed films should be processed as soon as possible.