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MODULE 4
HUMSS5: PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
POLITICS typically through elected
representatives.
- Denotes social activity- is the
- Control of an organization or
creation, maintenance and
group by the majority of its
amendment of social norms or
members.
rules.
- Rule of the people
- Is an art and science of the
- Rule of the majority
government.
- Is the realm of public affairs or GOVERNANCE
the state.
- Is the exercise of power/
- The academic study of
authority by political leader for
government and the state.
the well being at their country’s
TWO APPROACHES TO STUDY citizens or subject.
POLITICS - Refers to the manner of steering/
governing and or directing and
 POLITICAL controlling a group of people /
PHILOSOPHY
the state.
- It is the traditional approach in
which the primary goal is to POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
understand the essence or the
- Certain set of ethical ideas,
truth about politics
principles, doctrines, myths, or
 POLITICAL SCIENCE symbols of a social movement,
- The branch of knowledge that
institution, class or large group
deals with systems of
that explains how society should
government; the analysis of
work, and offers some political
political activity and behaviour.
and cultural blueprint for a
- POLITICAL SCIENTISTS certain social order.
“see themselves engaged in
- Concerns itself with how to
revealing the relationships
allocate power and to what ends
underlying political events and
it should be used.
conditions, and from these
revelations they attempt to FIVE MAJOR POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
construct general principles about  ANARCHISM
the way the world of politics
- Is a political philosophy that
works. advocates self-governed societies
DEMOCRACY based on voluntary institutions.
- Described as stateless, societies,
- A system of government by the although several authors have
whole population or all the defined them more specifically as
eligible members of state,

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SOUTHEASTERN MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TRCHNOLOGY (SMIT), INC.
AG Farm, SMIT Compound, Purok 18, Upper Piedad, Brgy. Bato, Toril, Davao City
institutions based on non-
hierarchical free associations.
- It holds the state to be
undesirable, unnecessary, and
harmful.
- Belief in the abolition of all
government and the organization
of society on a voluntary,
cooperative basis without
recourse to force or compulsion.
- Anarchists as a political force or
movement
 ABOSOLUTISM
- The acceptance of or belief in
absolute principles in political,
philosophical, ethical or
theological matters.
- Absolute Monarchy, governing
body in which a monarch rules
freely, with no laws or legally
organized opposition; especially
used to describe the period.
- Autocracy also known as
“political absolutism”, a political
theory which argues that one
person should hold all power.
 LIBERALISM
- Is a political philosophy or
worldview founded on ideas of
liberty and equality
- Liberal spouse of a wide array of
views depending on their
understanding of these principles,
but generally they support ideas
and programs such as freedom of
speech, freedom of the press,
freedom of religion, free markets,
civil rights, democratic societies,
secular governments, gender
equality, and international
cooperation.
 CONSERVATISM
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- The holding of political views
that favour free enterprise,
private ownership, and socially
conservative ideas.
- It is a political and social
philosophy that promotes
retaining traditional social
institution in the context of
culture and civilization.
- Have variously sought to
preserve institutions including
religion, monarchy,
parliamentary government,
property rights and the social
hierarchy, emphasizing stability
and continuity, while the more
extreme elements called
reactionaries oppose modernism
and seek a return to “the way
things were”
 SOCIALISM
- A political and economic theory
of social organization that
advocates that the means of
production, distribution, and an
exchange should be owned or
regulated by the community as a
whole.
- A policy or practice based on the
political and economic and social
systems characterized by social
ownership and democratic
control of the means of the
means production, as well as the
political theories, and movements
associated with them
 POWER
- “Power maybe defined as the
production of intended effects” –
Russell, 1938
- “Power is the ability to employ
force”- Bierstedt, 1950
SOUTHEASTERN MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TRCHNOLOGY (SMIT), INC.
AG Farm, SMIT Compound, Purok 18, Upper Piedad, Brgy. Bato, Toril, Davao City
- In social science and politics,
power is the ability to influence
or outright control the behaviour
of people.
- The term “authority” is often
used for power perceived as
legitimate by the social structure.
- It can be seen as evil or unjust.
- The main source of reign of the
government.
- The possession to govern or rule
the state.
- It is the ability to get someone to
do something you want done.
- Make things happen in the way
you want.
- “Power is the ability to build, to
create, to nudge, history in a
different direction.” – Richard
Nixon
 NATURE OF POWER
- It is the ability to get what you
want , or a scholar
- Ability to change the future
- The ability to dominate another
person or group
 CLASSIFICATION OF
POWER
- POWER OVER focuses on the
exercise of control through
behaviour and interactions from
one actor to another.
- POWER TO is related to how
social relations define the actions
and capabilities of an actor.
 FACES OF POWER IN
ACTION
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
LEADING COERCING
INFLUENCING FORCING
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SELLING HURTING
PERSUADING CRUSHING
PERSUADING
LESSON IV
STATES, NATIONS,
GLOBALIZATIONS
 STATE
- An organization, composed of
numerous agencies led and
coordinated by the state’s
leadership
- 9executive authority), with the
ability or authority to create and
implement the binding rules for
all the people as well as the
parameters of rule making for
other social organizations in a
given territory, using force if
necessary to have its way.
 NATIONS
- A group of people who share the
same culture, language,
institutions, religion, and history
usually a group of people larger
than a tribe or community.
- A large aggregate of people
united by common descent,
history, culture, or language,
inhabiting a particular country or
territory.
 GLOBALIZATION
- The process by which businesses
or other organizations develop
international influence or start
operating on an international
scale.
- Refers to processes whereby
many social relations become
relatively delinked from
SOUTHEASTERN MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TRCHNOLOGY (SMIT), INC.
AG Farm, SMIT Compound, Purok 18, Upper Piedad, Brgy. Bato, Toril, Davao City
territorial geography, so that
human lives are increasingly
played out in the world as a
single place.
PHILIPPINE POLITICAL STRUCTURE
 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
- The Philippine is the unitary
presidential constitutional
republic, with the President of
the Philippines acting as both the
head of state and the head of
government.
- UNITARY is the control of
national and local affairs is under
the central or national
government
- PRESIDENTIAL is the
President is both head of state
and head of government.
- CONSTITUTIONAL is the
powers of those who rule are
defined and limited by the
constitution
- REPUBLIC is the power
exercised by a group of persons
chosen by the people to act as
their representatives
 BRANCHES OF THE
PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT
 The legislative Department
- This branch authorized to make
laws, alter, and repeal them
through the power vested in the
Philippine Congress.
- The institution is divided into the
Senate and the House of
Representatives.
- The power to enforce and
administers country’s laws
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 The Executive Department
- Composed of the President and
the Vice President who are
elected by direct popular vote
and serve a term of six years.
- The constitution grants the
President authority to appoint his
Cabinet.
 The Judicial Department
- Holds the power to settle
controversies involving rights
that are legally demandable and
enforceable.
- It determines whether or not
there has been a grave abuse of
discretion amounting to lack or
excess of jurisdiction on the part
and instrumentality of the
government. It is made up of a
Supreme Court and lower courts.
- The power to declare a treaty,
international or executive
agreement, law, presidential
decree, proclamation, order,
instruction, ordinance or
regulation unconstitutional.
Fourth Examination: Essay.
1. Analyze the relationship
among nations and states in
the context of globalization.
2. What cultural belief and
value systems do you share
with the larger Philippine
society which makes you feel
that you belong to the
Filipino nation?
3. What makes a certain
community a nation and what
makes it a state?
 SOUTHEASTERN MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TRCHNOLOGY (SMIT), INC.
AG Farm, SMIT Compound, Purok 18, Upper Piedad, Brgy. Bato, Toril, Davao City

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REFERENCE:
https://www.slideshare.net/zaizai27/polit
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