Module 7 Lesson 1 - Discoveries

For this assignment, you will express the main ideas you received from the lesson, or main
ideas you knew prior to class. Follow along with the headings that match with the lesson. You
may type on this document, create a diagram, use other software like powerpoint or prezi, or
record your voice to submit your main ideas. This document serves as an outline for your
findings. Be sure to explain findings and what was new or already known.

Pregnancy:
When people think about pregnancy they often just think about the physical changes, the physical health of
the mother and developing fetus, and the eventual birth. This is most likely because the physical changes
are easy to see. However, there are major emotional, mental, and less noticeable physical changes
happening that are often unseen.
There are multiple consequences, like
● decreased chances of finishing school
● a difficult financial future
● health risks are higher for both mother and child
● discrimination or ridicule from peers
● break up with the father of the baby
● emotional roller coaster from how she feels to telling her parents

National Facts:
Three out of ten teenage girls in the U.S. get pregnant at least once before age 20
● The U.S. has the highest teen pregnancy rate in the industrialized world
● Two-thirds of teen pregnancies occur among 18 and 19 year olds
● Almost 50% of teens have never considered how a pregnancy would affect their lives
● Less than half of teen mothers ever graduate from college
● Less than 2% earn a college degree by 30
● Children of teen mothers do worse in school than those born to older parents

Nevada Facts:
In 2011 there were 5,270 teen pregnancies in Nevada
● In 2014 this number had dropped to 2,448 teen pregnancies in Nevada
● Nevada had one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy in the nation in 2013, but an
analysis found the numbers in each county had dropped a tremendous amount over
five years.
● Eight teens give birth every day in Nevada.
● In 2010, teen pregnancy cost Nevadan tax payers $68 million.
● Between 2009 and 2013, the numbers had changed from county to county in
Nevada, with the largest drop being in Churchill County to the north, according to
Find the Best.
 Module 7 Lesson 1 - Discoveries
● In their analysis of the state using data from the CDC's National Vital Statistic
System, they found teen birth rates dropped 40 percent in those five years in
Churchill.
● In Clark County's five-year change, the rates were reduced more than 30 percent for
births to girls aged 15-19. According to a 2014 Southern Nevada Health District
preliminary report, the zip codes in Clark County with the highest birth rates for teens
in 2010 were 89030, 89155 and 89110 — in part of North Las Vegas, near downtown
Las Vegas and to the southeast of North Las Vegas, respectively.
● In Elko, the rate was reduced by 31.9 percent, and in Washoe — 27.3 percent.
● According to Find the Best, one in 29 girls in Nevada gave birth in 2013. As can be
seen from the graph below, birth rates for Nevada teens has dropped by almost 50%
since 2011.

The Beginning of the Life Cycle:

When a woman becomes pregnant she and her spouse will probably spend the months ahead wondering
how their baby is growing and developing. Some of the questions you may have are:
● What does the baby look like?
● How big is he or she?
● When will the baby start kicking?
● Is the baby growing normally?
● How big will be baby be?

Fertilization:
Hundreds of millions of sperm are released into the vagina. When you look at the odds of how a
sperm makes the journey, and that one sperm is the one that makes you who you are (of course with the
ova)! It is a true miracle when a sperm is able to fertilize an ova. The ova has to allow the sperm to fertilize
it, perfect for how this process works. Once the ova is fertilized, within seconds, the surface of the ova
changes so that no more sperm can enter the egg. In the next week after fertilization, the zygote will go
through many cell divisions as it travels to the uterus

Zygote:
This is the united ova and sperm. Within 36 hours, the zygote will begin to divide as it travels to the uterus.

Cell Division:
When cell division begins, it will divide into 2 cells, then 4, then 8, then 16 and so on. This process will
continue until all the tissue, organs and systems are complete in the fetus. Up until about 9 weeks after
fertilization, the baby is called an embryo, then the baby will be called a fetus after the 9 week period.
 Module 7 Lesson 1 - Discoveries

Blastocyst:
The embryo reaches the uterus after about 5 days from fertilization. When it reaches the uterus it will
"float" for a few days as it continues to divide. At this time, there are about 50 to 100 cells and is in a shape
of a sphere with a hollow center, a blastocyst.

Implantation:
When the blastocyst is formed, then it will attach itself to the uterine wall, called implantation.

Baby development in the Uterus:

Several basic structures begin to form after implantation. These structures help create a nourishing
environment for the fetus to develop. These structures are essential and will be the lifeline of the growing
embryo/fetus throughout the pregnancy.

Soon after implantation, a fluid filled bag develops around the embryo, The thin tissue
surrounding the embryo is the amniotic sac, it will continue to grow with the embryo as it floats in
the amniotic fluid. This is a protective environment, keeping the baby safe as it develops.

The embryo is implanted and is connected to the uterus by the placenta. Oxygen and nutrients
move from the mother's blood into the extremely small blood vessels that lead to the embryo.
When a mother has crazy cravings or is disgusted with certain foods, part of this is because of
the feeding of the embryo through the placenta. With this in mind, things such as alcohol,
drugs, cleaning chemicals and more can make it into the bloodstream and be passed onto the
baby. A mother needs to be very careful with this, these types of substances can interfere with
the positive development of an embryo.

The umbilical cord, or the lifeline, is vital to the development of the baby. The cord will develop
about 25 days after fertilization and looks like a pale rope with blood vessels. The blood vessels
in the umbilical cord carry nutrients and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and waste from
the embryo to the placenta. The umbilical cord is how a baby is fed and how a baby gets rid of
waste.

During the first couple of months of development the embryo begins to develop organs and
major body systems. Structures like a beating heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and endocrine
glands. At the end of the embryo stage, about 8 - 9 weeks, there are recognizable structures
like eyes, ears, arms, legs and the embryo is about an inch long. The head is about 50 percent
the length of the embryo.

After the 2nd month, the embryo moves to the fetus stage. The baby will be called a fetus until
birth and can begin to move and kick as the skeletal muscles and bones begin to form. Sense
organs begin to work, meaning the nervous system is maturing. The fetus will begin to react to
 Module 7 Lesson 1 - Discoveries
light, sound, music and voices. The fetus's body continues to grow and through the 7th - 9th
month the body will begin to become proportionate to the head. Body fat begins to accumulate,
eyelids open and close and as the 9th month comes to an end the fetus is ready to be born.