DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

PREDISPOSING FACTORS PRECIPITATING FACTORS

-Young children -Diabetes Mellitus 1

-Insulin pump failure -Inadequate dose insulin
-Infection

Lack of insulin with counter-regulatory

Hormones

Breakdown of Breakdown of glycogen Protein breakdown

fats in cells to glucose

Free fatty acids to liver Hyperglycemia Forms new BUN

glucose

Formation of ketone bodies Osmotic Diuresis

>Acetone (causes sweet breath)

Electrolyte Imbalance

Crosses blood brain barrier Dehydration

Polyuria
Polydypsia
Lethargy
Overwhelm buffering Nausea
capacity of blood plasma

Kussmaul’s breathing Acidosis

IF TREATED: IF NOT TREATED:

-IV fluids -Coma
-Insulin Therapy
-Potassium Replacement
REFERENCES:
Ignatavicus, D., & Workman, M. (2000, February) Medical-Surgical Nursing Critical Thinking for Collaborative Care
Fifth Edition Volume 2 (1542-1543)