P1 Motion .

P1 1
. .

Length and time stopwatch

[
ruler trundle wheel analogue/ digital

2
*
accuracy
:

Multiple readings
•
e.
g.
: •
thickness of paper
↳ 100 sheets

time period of pendulum

•

↳ 10
swings

SI units
=
Le system International d.Unites
•
used
by scientists all over the world
•
metre cm )

[ kilogram Lkg)
•

measuring cylinder
•
second G)
•

ampere (A)
•

Kelvin CK )
•
mole ( Mot )

micrometer screw
gauge
* 0 01mm
accuracy
:
.
 P 1.2
. .
Motion

speed distance moved 0=01 Cm /s ) o

gradient
rrisuen
• = =
=

✓ time taken t
scalar

p
magnitude
velocity
speedywithdirectionvec.to
•
=

distance =
area

acceleration of Cm / S2) gradient ?

change velocity rise
•
=
a = =
=

time t run

acceleration > 4 deceleration / retardation

velocity
-

time graph
Freefall :

[ no air resistance ]
•
all objects fall at same a

2
•

Aff =

g
= 10 m/s
near Earth 's surface
UP
• at
steady rate

force of object
•

weight =

gravity on an
 P
P 1.3
. .
Mass and
Weight .
1.4 .

Density
•
mass = amount of matter in an
object Ckg ) mass
←
( Ems )
-

-
a
property that resists motion
f =

force of (N )
weight =
gravity on mass volume
•

W M 1cm
'

g 1mL
= .
=

← displacement :

for irregular shaped

-

objects

for ?
regular shaped

digital caliper
f

[ balance

Floating
P 1.5 .
Forces
P1 .
5.1 . Effects of forces
size

Forces can
change
⇐ shape
motion
of a
body
plastic
Hooke 's

beneath
law :

its
a

elastic
material

limit ,
obeys
the
Hooke 's

extension
law

is
if,

/
proportional to the load
Extension load graph (
springs )
-

Spring constant

F: load ( N )
F= K K K constant
spring
:
.

limit of R : extension ( mm )

proportionality
unit of K ?
load
f

Resultant Force Friction

=
overall Cnet ) force ↳ a force that opposes the
motion of an object
•

loss KE → heat
energy
:

•
:
air resistance (drag )
e.g

surface texture ?

F- force (N)
F- = m .
A m= mass
Ckg)
a =
acceleration (mls 2)

If resultant force = 0 , a
body
remains at rest OR
•

•
continues at constant speed ,
in straight line
 P 1.5.2 .

Turning Effect
•
moment =
turning effect of a force Equilibrium
what it's
↳
=
an
object keeps doing doing
objects to rotate around pivot continue straight line
cause
moving →
•

door
pushing open a
stationary
• •

using a crowbar to open

something
•
will not start / stop turning
* conditions :

M= moment ( Nm ) •

no resultant force

M= F. d (N)
F force no
turning effect
.
=

D= b- distance & MR = EMF

from
pivot (m )

when suspended from point

•

→
object will settle so that its

designing a shelf that c. am .

rests below
pivoting point
doesn't collapse

P 1.5.3
.
.
Centre of mass

=
the point through which the
weight of object acts
located @ point of
symmetry
•

P 1.5.4 . Pressure
=
concentration of a force

* in solid
D= pressure 1Pa )
Stability : most stable : c. am .
lies above base

P = F F = force ( N ) → •
wide base real life
A- A = area (m2 ) •
lower c. am .
example ?