Respiratory System Photosynthesis

Lesson1 - Respiratory System & Photosynthesis
Saya Alan: 063 172 6263 sciencetinwin2@gmail.com Lesson ID: 615 032 8652
Respiratory System
Notes: https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zq349j6/revision/2
Respiration releases energy from glucose so that life processes can carry on. Aerobic
respiration needs oxygen but anaerobic respiration does not. The respiratory system
is adapted for gas exchange.
Respiratory System
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A (3:28 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zd_e9gtDExM (12:06 min)
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The pharynx is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above
the oesophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs). It is
found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its structure varies across species. The
pharynx carries food and air to the esophagus and larynx. The flap of cartilage called
the epiglottis stops food from entering the larynx.
In humans, the pharynx is part of the digestive system and the conducting zone of
the respiratory system. (The conducting zone—which also includes the nostrils of
the nose, the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles—filters, warms and moistens air
and conducts it into the lungs).
The larynx, commonly called the voice box or glottis, is the passageway for air between
the pharynx above and the trachea below.
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DIFFUSION –
going from a
region of HIGH
concentration
to LOW
concentration
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The human gas exchange system
Aerobic respiration needs oxygen, and it produces carbon dioxide as a waste product.
The human respiratory system contains the organs that allow us to get the oxygen we
need and to remove the waste carbon dioxide we do not need. It contains these parts:
• two lungs
• tubes leading from the mouth and nose to the lungs
• various structures in the chest that allow air to move in and out of the lungs
Connecting the outside to the inside

Trachea à bronchus à bronchiole à alveoli
Air passes from the mouth into the trachea, often called the windpipe. The trachea
divides into two bronchi, with one bronchus for each lung.
Each bronchus divides further in the lungs into smaller tubes called bronchioles. At the
end of each bronchiole, there is a group of tiny air sacs. These air sacs have bulges
called alveoli to increase their surface area.
Ventilation
Ventilation or breathing involves movements of the ribs, intercostal

muscles and diaphragm to move air into and out of the lungs:
• when we breathe in, we inhale

• when we breathe out, we exhale
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The table describes the changes involved:
Inhaling Exhaling
Contracts and moves

Diaphragm Relaxes and moves upwards
downwards
Intercostal Contract, moving the ribs Relax, letting the ribs move
muscles upwards and outwards downwards and inwards
Volume of ribcage Increases Decreases
Pressure inside Decreases below atmospheric Increases above atmospheric

the chest pressure pressure
Movement of air Moves into the lungs Moves out of the lungs
Inhaling
When we inhale, changes in the diaphragm and ribcage reduce the pressure in the
chest, and air moves into the lungs
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Exhaling
When we exhale, changes in the diaphragm and ribcage increase the pressure in the
chest, and air is moves out of the lungs
Gas exchange in the lungs
We need to get oxygen from the air into the blood, and we need to remove waste
carbon dioxide from the blood into the air. Moving gases like this is called gas
exchange.
Features of the alveoli
The alveoli are adapted to make gas exchange in lungs happen easily and efficiently.
Here are some features of the alveoli that allow this:
• they give the lungs a really big surface area

• they have moist, thin walls (just one cell thick)
• they have a lot of tiny blood vessels called capillaries
The gases move by diffusion from where they have a high concentration to where they
have a low concentration:
• oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood
• carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air in the alveoli
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As the blood moves through the capillaries in the alveoli, oxygen diffuses into it and
carbon dioxide diffuses out of it
Some water vapor is also lost from the surface of the alveoli into the lungs - we can see
this condensing when we breathe out on cold days.
The respiratory system (3:28 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A
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TEST
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zq349j6/test
1 Through what organ does air move into the lungs?

A. The windpipe
B. The alveoli
C. The diaphragm
2 What is the proper term for breathing?
A. Ventilation
B. Respiration
C. Exasperation
3 What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs called?

A. Ravioli
B. Bronchioles
C. Alveoli
4 What are the products of aerobic respiration?
A. Carbon dioxide and water
B. Lactic acid
C. Oxygen and glucose
5 Where does respiration happen?
A. Cell membrane
B. Mitochondria
C. Nucleus
6 What reaction occurs in yeast?
A. Photosynthesis
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B. Ventilation
C. Fermentation
7 Which organ system helps us breathe?
A. Gas exchange system
B. Circulatory system
C. Nervous system
8 What does the trachea divide into?
A. Alveoli
B. Two bronchi
C. Bronchioles
9 What happens to the diaphragm when you breathe in?
A. Contracts and moves upwards
B. Relaxes and moves downwards
C. Contracts and moves downwards
10 Which of these is an adaptation of the lungs?
A. The alveoli have a huge surface area
B. Villi are only one cell thick
C. The alveoli have very dry walls
https://mnliteracy.org/sites/default/files/curriculum/unit_4.11_photosynthesis__respiratio
n.pdf
Online Resources: Students can try an online interactive activity with photosynthesis
(NOVA – click on “launch interactive”)
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/photosynthesis.html
This is a link to a Pearson website with more information on photosynthesis.
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/overview.html
This is a 4-H created from the Vermont Extension Service with interactive work on
photosynthesis.
http://www.sites.ext.vt.edu/virtualforest/modules/photo.html
What Is Photosynthesis?
Answer the following questions and take notes while watching the video on
photosynthesis.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHVhM-pLRXk
1. What are the raw materials needed by plants for photosynthesis?
______________________________________________________
2. CO2 is made up of what two atoms and what is its common name?
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. What is the first product of photosynthesis and what is it made up of?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. What is 02 made up of and what does it do for us?
__________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. From where do plants get water?
___________________________________________________________
6. From where do plants get carbon dioxide?
__________________________________________________
7. Where does photosynthesis begin?
_________________________________________________________
8. Write out the following chemical equation for photosynthesis in words:
H2O + CO2 à C6H12O6 + 02
______________________________________________________________________
9. Where does the oxygen go from inside the plant?
______________________________________________________________________
10. What remains in the plant as energy?
______________________________________________________________________
11. Where does the process of photosynthesis happen?
______________________________________________________________________
ANSWER KEY What Is Photosynthesis?
1. What are the raw materials needed by plants for photosynthesis?
Water (Hydrogen & Oxygen), and Carbon dioxide
2. CO2 is made up of what two atoms and what is its common name?
Carbon & Oxygen = carbon dioxide
3. What is the first product of photosynthesis and what is it made up of?
Glucose (C6 H12 O6)= carbon + hydrogen + oxygen
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4. What is 02 made up of and what does it do for us?
It is made up of two oxygen atoms and it is what we breathe.
5. From where do plants get water?
From the ground. When it rains, plants get water from the ground, through their roots.
6. From where do plants get carbon dioxide?
(i) When animals (including humans), breathe out, they release carbon dioxide.
(ii) When fuels are burned, carbon dioxide is formed
7. Where does photosynthesis begin?
Inside the leaves of plants.
8. Write out each part of the following chemical equation for photosynthesis in words:
H2 O + CO2 à C6H12O6 + 02
Water + Carbon Dioxide (with help of sunlight) à Glucose + Oxygen
9. Where does the oxygen go from inside the plant?
The oxygen goes into the atmosphere for us to breathe.
10. What remains in the plant as energy?

Glucose remains in the plant as energy.
11. Where does the process of photosynthesis happen?
Photosynthesis happens in all plants.
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Respiratory System Photosynthesis

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Lesson1 - Respiratory System & Photosynthesis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zd_e9gtDExM (12:06 min)

Connecting the outside to the inside

Ventilation or breathing involves movements of the ribs, intercostal

• when we breathe in, we inhale

Contracts and moves

Volume of ribcage Increases Decreases

Pressure inside Decreases below atmospheric Increases above atmospheric

Gas exchange in the lungs

Features of the alveoli

• they give the lungs a really big surface area

1 Through what organ does air move into the lungs?

3 What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs called?

10. What remains in the plant as energy?

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