asy.english! tor everjonefor everyone | @ | easy. nglish! WELCOME TO EASY ENGLISH GRANVIMAR 7 WHITH | y ANSWERS | 1 ee1. Present Continuous (I am doing) A Study this situation: Ann Ie in her ear. She is on her way to work. Sho Ie delving to work. ‘This means: she is driving now, at the time of Speaking, The action is not finished, Anis/are - Ing Is the present continuous: Pe) Cori) is (he's, etc) J working are (= we're, atc.) | doing. 5 am doing something = I'm in the middle of doing something: I've startad doing it and | Haven't finished yet. Often the action is happening at the time of speaking: Please don't make so much noise. 'm working. (not | work) "Where's Lauren?" “Shes taking a bath." ( not She takes a bath) Let's go uot nove It Ian’ raining anymore. (not It doesn't rain) (at @ party) Hello, Lisa. Are you enjoying the party? ( not Do you enjoy) |'m ted. I'm going to bad now. Good night! Bul the ection is not necessarily happening at the time of speaking. For example: ‘Tom is not Reading the book at the time of speaking. He means that he has started it but has not finished it yet. Hes In the middle of reading it. Tom and Ann are talking. Tom says: Here are some more examples: * Maria wants to work in Italy, 80 she Is studying Italian. (but perhaps she isn't studying |tallan exacty at the time of speaking), * Some friends of mine are bullding thelr own house © We use the present continuous when we tak about things happening in a period around now (for example, today /this weed / tonight, etc): + “You're working hard today." "Yes, | have a lot to do." (not You work hard today) * “Is Sarah working this wook?" "No, she's on vacation,” We use the present continuous when we talk about changes happening now or around now: * The population of the world is rising very fast. (not rises) * Isyour English geiting better? (not Does your English get better?) Bue ee25), 1S Exercises 1.1 Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs in the correct form. -Come- get -happen- look make start stay. —try- work: 1." You ‘ta. working __________ hard today." * Yes, | have a lot to do." 2|____________‘for Christine . do you know where she is? 3.It ark Should | turn on the ight? 4, They don't have anywhere to live at the moment. They whit friends untl they find a place. 5, “Ann! Let's gol” * OK, | 6. Do youhave an umbrela ¢ It —______toain, 7. You ___alot of noise, could you please be quister?” (_________to concentrate. 8 Whyare all these people here? What 4.2 Use the words in parentheses to complete the questions. 1. "is Brad working ______ this week?" “No hes on vacation.” (brad / work) 2.Why___________atme like that? What's the matter? (you / look) 8." Jenny isa student at the university," “Is she? What _______?"(she/ study) i __ te the radio, or can | turn it off? (anybody / listen) 5, Howis your English? _—__ better? (it/ get) 1.3Put the verb into the corret form. Sometimes you need the negative ( I'm not Doing, etc.). 1. I'm tired. |_'m going ____ (go) to bed now. Good night! 2. We can go out now. It Inst raining ___ (rain) anymore, 3, Laura phoned me last night. She's on vacation in France. She ___(have) a great time and doesn't wnat to come back. 4, | want to lose welght, so this weak |___________ (eat) lunch, 5, Angela hes just started evening classes, She (study) Garman, 6. | think Dave and Amy had an argument, They ______ (speak) to each other. 1.4 Read this conversation between Brian and Sarah. Putt he verbs into the correct form. Sarah: Brian! | haven ‘t seen you in ages. What (1)-ana.you doing __________ (you/do) These days? Brian: |(2)___________ (train) to be police officer. ‘Sarah: Really? What's it ike? (3) ———_________ {you /enjoy) it? Brian; i's all right. How about you? ‘Sarah; Well, actually, | (4) ________(not/ work) right, now. NO a (try) to find a job, butit's not easy . But I'm pretty busy. 1(6)__ (paint) my apartment. Brian (7) ______(you/ do it alone? Sarah: No, some friends of mine (8) si (help) me. 4.5 Complete the sentences using one of these vebs: change fall get Increase rise You don’t have to use all the verb, and you can use a verb more tan once. 41, The population of the world _is rising __ very fast. 2, Robertis stil sick, buthe better slowly, 3. Theworld _________. Things never stay the eame, 4, The cost of ving _______. Every yeer things are more expenslv, 5, The economic situation Is already very bad, and It $$$ wornI 22002 vorv0000 Simple Present (I do) A Study this example situation: ‘Alexis a bus driver, but now he ie in bed asleep, So: He is not driving a bus. (He fs asleop,) but He drives a bus. ( He is a bus driver.) ‘rive(sywork(sy/ does). etc, Is the simple present, j Parent Holshellt drives/works/does 8 We use the simple present to talk about things in general. We use it to say that something Happens all the time or rapeatadiy or that something is true In general, It is not Important Whether the action is happening at the time of speaking: = Nursas take care of patients in hospitals, + I usually feave for work at 8:00 A.M. + The earth goes around the sun. Remember that we say he/shelt -s. Don't forget the s: + | Workn. but He Works... ‘They teach... butMy sister teaches. For spelling (-8 or ~e8), see Appendix 5. © We use do/does to make questions and negative sentenices: ‘+ | come from Canada. Where de you come from? + "Would you like a cigarette" “No, thanks. | don’t smoke,” + What does this Word mean? (not What means this Word?) * Flce doesn’t grow in cold climates. In the following exampies do is also the main verb: “What do you do?” (= What's your job?) "| work in a department store,” Ho's so lasy . He doesn't do anything to help me, (not He doesn't anything) ©. We use the simple present when we say how often we do things: * | get up at 8:00 every morning. (not m getting) + How often do you go to the dentist? (not How often are you going?) + Julie doesn't drink coffe vary often. + Inthe summer John usually plays tennis once or twice a week. Note the position of always/never/usually, etc. (before the main verb); * Sue always looks happy, (not Sue looks always) ‘+ [never drink coffee at night, ‘+ What time do you usually get home after work? (4 ee!casy. cng sh Exercises 2.1 Complete the sentences using one of the following: cause(s) close(s) connect(s) drink(s) live(s) open(s) -speak(s). take(s) 1. Ann speaks ___ German very wall. 2 |never___colfee. 3. The swimming pool at 9:00. and = at 6:90 every day, 4, Bad driving —__ many accidents. 5, Myparents__________inavery small apartment. 6. The Olympic Games __________place every four years. 7. The Panama Canal_____the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, 2.2 Put the verb into the correct form. 1. Jason doesn't drink (not/ crink) coffee very often, 2, What time —__ (the Banks / close)? 3, | have acer, but! _______(not fuse)it very often. 4, "What____(you/ do)?" ‘I'm an electrical engineer.” 5 It ________ (take) me an hour to get to work. How long —_____— it take) you? 6 |____________(play) the piano, but | {not / play) very well 7. | dont understand this sentence. What ___ (this word / mean)? 2.3 Use one of the following verbs to complete these sentences. Sometimes you need the negative. Belive eat flow go- grow make rise tell translate 4, The earth goes ____around the 7. An interproter_____fromone sun language to another. 2, Rice doesn’t grow _____in Canada. 8. Alair is someone who 3 Thesun___ inthe east. the truth. 4, Bees ___ honey, 9. The Amazon River Ito §. Vegetarians _______meat. the Atlantic Ocean, 6 Anatheist_______inGod. 2.4 Ask Liz questions about herself and her family. ‘You know that Liz plays tennis, You want o know how often. Ask her. How often do vou play tennis a u 2. Perhaps Liz's sister plays tennis, too. You want to know . Ask Liz. Your sister % 8. You know that Liz reads a newspaper every day. You want to know which one. Ask her. 4. You know that Liz's brother Works. You want to know hat he does. Ask Liz. 5. You know that Liz goes to the movies a lot . You want to know how often. Ask her. 6. You con't know that Liz's mother lives. Ask Liz. 7. You know that Liz Works every day, but you went to know what time she starts work. ‘Ask her.ST ET «00. 0225 6 50:00. Present Continuous and Simple Present (1) (lam doing and! do) A 5 lt always do and I'm always doing Present continuous (I am doing) Simple present (1 do) ‘We use the pressent continuous for ‘We use the simple present for things in ‘Something that Is happening at or around General or things that happen repeatedly The time of speaking. The acticn is not _ [ap past now future past now future © * The water Is bolling. Could you turn it off? * Listen to those people. What languag are they speaking? + Lot's go out. it Isn't raining now, * A Dont distur me, m busy. B: Why ? What are you doing? * I'm going to bed now. Good night. * Nara is in Vancouver now. She's earning English Use the preesant continuous for temporary situations: + tm living with some francs until | find an apartment. * “You're working hard today" *Yes, I've ‘aot alot to co.” ‘Seo Unit 1 for more information. * Weter bolls at 100 degrees Celsius * Excuse me, do you speak English? + itdoesn'train very much in the summer What do you usually do on weekends? * What do you do? (= What's your job? * | always go to bed before midnight * Most people learn to swin when they are chikiren ‘Use the simple present for permanent Situations: ‘+ My parents five in Boston, They have Lived there al their ives. ‘+ Johnisn't lazy. He works vary hard ‘Most of the time ‘See Unit 2 for more information. Usually we say "I always do something" (= | do it every time): | always go to work by car (not I'm always going) You can also say "I'm always doing somethig, * but this has a differrent meaning. For example: - Fy < th) y “ Ym always losing things® does not mean that | lose things every time. It means tat | lose things too often or more often that normal. You're always -Ing means teht you do something very often, more often than the speaker thinks Is normal or reasonable, + You're always watching TV. You should do somethimg more active. » ' John |s never satisfied, He's always complaining. (8) ee!cay, 1g ish Exercises 3.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong. * Water bolls at 100 degrees Celsius. RIGHT. ‘+ The water bolls. Could you turn it off? i © Look’ That man iries to open the door of your car. © Can you hear those people? What do they talk about? ‘© The moon goes around the earth, ‘© |have to go now. It gats late, '* | usually go to work by car, ‘Hurry up's. time to leave.” “OK, | come.” '* _| hear you've got a new job. How does It go? 3.2 Put the verb in the correct form, present continuous or simple present. 1. Let's go out it isn‘training __ (not /rain) now. 2, Julais very good. ata languages, She speaks _ (speak) four languages vory well 8. Huryup! Everybody ____ (wait) for you. 4 *____________(youlisten) to the radio 2" *No, you can tum it off.” (you /listen) to the radio avery day?* *No, just (flow) Into the Mediterranean. (flow) very fast today ~ much fester than usuel. (grow) vegetables in our garden. But this year ____ (not / grow) any. “Vows your Erolah? = Not bad, h__(improve) slowly.” 10, Matt s in San Francisco right now, He _{stay) at the Pelton Hotel He______ (always / stay) there when he's ‘in San Francisco. é 14. Can we stop walking soon? |__(start to fea! tred. 412, *Do you know how to drive" *l (learn). My father _—________ (teach) me? 19, Usualy|__ (finish) worst 6:00, but this week | (work) untl 6:00 to eam some extra money. 14. My parents__ (lve) in Chicago. They were born there and have never lived anywhere ese. Where _(your parents / ve)? 4. Erea__(loo for a place to live. She CH Tac TER 16, “What_____(your father / do}2" “He's an architect, but he ——___ (hot / work) at the moment.” 17. The train is never late. tt ____ {always / eave) on time, 18. Jim is very messy. He _____ (always / leave) his things ail over the place. 3.3 Finish B's sentences. Use always - ing (see Section B). 1. A:|'matrald I'velost my key again. 'B; Not again! You're always losing your key __ a 2. A: The car has broken down again. 3. A: Look! You made the same mistake again,eT 7-22. esos Present Continuous and Simple Present (2) (l arnmdoing and Ido) ‘A. We can use continuous tenses only for actions and happenings (they are eating / tis raining, etc.). Some verbs (for exemple, know and like) ara not action verbs. You cannot say "| am knowing" or “they are liking"; you can only say | know, they like. The following verbs are not normally used in continuous tenses: rey Teoma) at te i focus Eee iene + I'm hungry. | want something to eat.(not I'm wanting) = Doyou understand what | mean? * Kim does't seem very happy right now. ‘When think means “believe,” do not use the continuous: * What do you think (=belleve) will happen? (nct What ere you thinking) But * You look serious, What are you thinking about? (=What is going on in your mind?) * I'm thinking of quitting my job. (=! am considering) ‘When have means “possess.” etc., do not use the continuous + We're enjoying our trip, We have a nice room in the hotel. (not We're having) But * We'e enjoying our trip. We're having a great time. 8 See hear mel taste We normally use the simple present (not continuous) with these verbs: + Do you see that man over there? (not Are you seeing) This room smells. Let's open a window. Re etic seater lar ‘+ Listen! Gan you hear something? Note that you can say I'm seeing when the meaning is "having a meeting with” * I'm seeing the manager tomorrow moming. Hels selfish and He is being selfish He's being = He's behaving / He's acting. Compare: ‘+ I-can't understand why he's belng so selfish. He isnt usually lke that. (belng selfish = behaving selfishly at the moment) ‘but* He never thinks about other people . He is very selfish. (not He is being) (= he is solfish generally, not only at the moment) ‘We use am/s/are being to say how somebody is behaving, Itis not usually possible in other Sentences: * Itshot today.( not It fs being hot) ‘Sarah Is very tred. (not is being tired) D. Look and feel You can use simple present or continuous to say how somebody looks or feels now: * Youlook good today. or You're looking good today. * How do you feelnow? or How are you feeling now? But + | usually feel tired in the morning. (not 'm usually feeling)easy.english! Exercises 4.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong. 4.J'm-seeing the manager tomorow moming. RIGHT. 2. \'m feeling hungy. Is there anything to sat? 8, Av@ you believing in Goa? 4, This sauce Is great, It's tasting really good. 6. I'm thinking this Is your Key. Am | right? 4.2 Look at the pictures. use the words in parentheses to make sentences.(You shoul also stucly Unit 3 befoore you do this exercise.) 4, Geu/noV/ vom rea mien = @ & 4 atria Fame 080 § . & (What / you / do' ‘Be quiet! (1/ think) 5. Excuse me. No, go ahead. ee — (erybody / st / here?) ee 8. Who /this umtrela / have no idee. 8. 6, Can call you back belong to?) in half an hour? (have / inne) L —— ae a ————— 4.3 Put the verd Into the correct form, present continuous or simple present. 1, Are you hungry? eS ee (you /want) 2. Don't put he dictionary away. | It. (use) 3, Dont put the dictionary Away. | It. (need) 4, Whois that man? What -? (he / want) 5. Whois that man? Why ats? (he / took) 6, George says he’s 80 years old, but nobody __________ him, (believe) 7, She told me her name, but|___it now, (not / remember) 8,| _____of selling my car(think) would you be interested In buying it? 9! you should sell your car. (think) You Itvery often. (not / use) 40. Air mainly of nitrogen and oxygen, (consist) 4.4 Complete the sentences using the most appropriate form of be, simple present(am, is,are) or present continuous (amvis/are being). 1. | can't understand why he's being ‘80 selfish. He isn’t usualy like that, 2. Jack very nice to me tonight. | wonder why. 3. You'll ike vill when you mesthe, Sno Sry nic. 4, You're usually very patient, so why” ~~~‘ So. unreasonable about waiting five more minutes? 5, Why isn't Sarah at work today? IK? ee! (2) .OL aT 510 e004 8 wonncor 0 Simple Pat (I did) & Study this example: Wollgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and composer. He lived from 1756 to 1791. He starded composing at the age of five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music, He was only 35 years old when he died. Lived/started/wrote/was/dled are all simple past. Very often the simple past ends ined (regular verbs): * |work n a travel agency now, Before that I worked in a department store, ‘+ We Invited them to our party, but they deckded notto come, * The péllce stopped me for speeding. * She passed her exam because she studied very hard. For spelling (@topped, studied, atc.), see Apendix 5. But many verbs are regular. This meen that the simple past does not end in ~ed. For example: Write. wrote —> * Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music. See saw —> * We saw Rosa in town a fow days ago. Go ‘went —> + | went to the movies three times last Week. Cost cost —> * Thishouse cost$ 89,000 in 1996. For a list of regular verb, see Appendix 1. © In questions and negatives we use did/ didn’t + base form (enjov/see/go, etc.): enjoy? Cty rd tr) pies go '* A: Did you go out last night? B: Yes, | went to the movies, but | didn't enjoy the fim much, ‘+ ‘When did Mc. Thomas dle?" “About ten years ago.” ‘+ They didn’t Invite her to the party, 80 he didn't g ‘+ ‘Did you have time to write the letter?* *No, | didn’t.” Be careful when do is the main verb in the sentence. ‘+ didn’t do anything. (not | didn’t anything) ©. The past of be (am/is/are) is was/were: VhefsheAt was/wasn’t PMA cas Note that we do not use did in negatives and questions with was/were: © | was angry because they were late’ + Was the weather good when you ware on vacation? ‘+ They weren't able to come because they were so busy. Did you go out last night, or were you too tired? (10) ee! —casy, 1glish EDEN ee women Ta Exercises 5.1 Read what Debbie says about a typical working day: ils oe at 6:00. 2 She big breakfast, = 8. ‘tired when_______ home, 3. She 9. dinner. 4 tt to gettowork. 10. out last night. 6 ae45. 11. ‘at 11:00, 6 lunch, 12. wall last night. 5.2 Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct form: catch costdrink fall hurt sellspend teach throw win write Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music. * How did you learn to drive?" *My mother gr We couldn't afford to keep our car, 80 we osons | wae very thirsty. |_____ the water very quickly, » Sam and | played tennis yesterday, He's much better than | arn, so ha easily, 6, Dave____________ down the stairs this morning ang, his leg. 7. Jim___the ballto Sue, who —_____it. 8, Jessica___________alotof money yesterday, She aches that $200, 5.3 A friend has just come back from vacation. Ask him about it. Write your questions, 1, (Where / go?) Where did you go? 2. (goalone?) 3, food / good?) 4, (stay /ata hotel?) 5, (rent /acar?) 6. (the weather /nice?) 7. (what / do in the evenings?) 4 Complete temaeminet: Put the verb into the correct form. Positive or negative. twas warm, $0 | took —_ I knew Sarah was very busy, 80 | was very tired, 80 | The bed wes very uncomfortable | We went to Kate's house. but she It was a funny situation, but nodoby. The window was open , and a bird The hotel wans't very expensive. It 10. | was in a hurry, so | 11, twas hard work carrying the bags. They. PONOBeONsA TT — 21. 00% 5 worsn.0%.1 Past Continuous (I was doing) A. Study this example situation: Yesterday Karen and Jim played tennis. They began at 10:00 and finished at 11:90, So at 10:30 they were playing tennis. They were playing = they were in the middie of playing. They had not finished playing, ‘Was /were —ing is the past continuous: 7 playing/doing/workin ea a |. Wo use the past continuous to say that somebody was in tha middle of doing something at a ccetain time, The action or situation had already started befers this time but had not finished: | started doing | finished doing | STA past past now ‘+ This tine last yoor I was living in Brazil * What were you doing at 10:00 last night? | waved at her, but she wasn't looking. © Compare the past continuous (I was doing) and simple past (I did): Past continuous (in the middle of an actor) ‘Simple past (complete action) * Lwas walking home when | met Dave, * I walked home after the party last night. ‘tha middle of walking home) (callthe way, comiately) * Noole was watching TV when the * Nicole watched TV a lot when she was phone rang. sick last years D. We often use the simple past and the past continuous togather to say that something happened in the middle of something slse: ‘| Matt burned his hand while he was cooking dinner. «| saw you in the park yesterday, You were sitting on the grass and reading @ book. ‘+ While | was working in the garden, I hurt my back. But we use the simple past to say that one thing happened after another: © was walking downtown when | saw Dave. So! stopped and we talked for a while, Compare: * When Beth arrived, we were having ‘© When Beth arrived, we had dinner. dinner (= We had already started dinner) (= Beth arrived and then we had dinner) Some verbs (for example , know and want) aro not normally used in the continuous (see Unit 4 A) + We were good friends, We knew each other well. (not We were knowing) * | was enjoying the party, but Chris wanted to go home.(not was wanting) (12) ee!Sy. 1g lish) a ES Ee a TS Exercises 6.1 What were you doing at the following times? Write one sentences as in the examples. The past continuous is not always necessary (see sentences 2). 1. (@t 8:00 last nigh) / 2, (@t5:00 last Monday) / 3, (at 10:15 yesterday morning) 4, (at 7:45 last night). ‘5. (half an hour ago} 6.2 Use your own ideas to complete theses sentences. Use the past continuous. 1. Matt bumed his hand while he was. 2. The doorbell rang while | 3. We sawan accident while we. 3. Lauren foll asleep while she. 4, The television was on, but nobody 63 _—. l—“_€, 7 _________{s8) Sue. }_—_______ (meet) Tom, \___________(ride) my Donon yt gaia Bicycle yesterday when She ___ (hot /se6) Weeks agl. They Suddenly a man, Me. She ____ (00k) _ (go) to Boston and | {Glep) out into the Street in The other way. ee front of me. | ‘Montreal, We.____________ (go) fairly fast, but luckily 1 (talk) while we (manage) to (wat) for our fights. stop in time and (not / hit) him. 6.4 Put the verbs Into the correst form, past continuous or simple past. a ek cme a LS eee (arrive), —__________________you / do) at this time yesterday?" “I was asleep.” 3, Meare Fe nae No, | was too tired,” 4, How fast you /drive) when the eocicent (happeny?, 8, Jom —_______ (aka) a peture of me while | (nck /1ock), 8. Wewere na very dfcut poston, We (gt know) what to do. 7. raven seen David for ages. The last time | (oee) him, ho ——____________ tt) to find a job in Miarni. (walk) along the Street when suddenly | nn ia (hear footsteps behind me. Somebody low) me. Iwas ‘seared, and | (start) to run, 9, When! was Young, | (want) to be pilot, ee! (13)Present Perfect (1) (1 have done) ». Study this example situation: ‘Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key. (=He lost it and he still doesn’t have It.) Have/has lost is the present perfect (simple): Tire) SS ace Lhd Ive, ert Tee La a? Coa For a list of regular verbs, see Appendix 1. ©. When we use the present perfect, there is a connection ‘with now. The action In the pest has a result now: + Hetold me his name, but I've forgotten tt. (can't remember It now.) = “le Kimberly hero?" *No, she's gone out.” (Sheis out now:) + Joan find my purse, Have you seen it? (Do you know.where It Is now?) ‘We often use the present perfect to give new Information or to announce a recent happening: '* The road Is closed . There's been an accident. * (from the news) The police have arrested ‘two men in connection with the robbery. ‘We algo use the simple past (| played, | did, etc.) in these situations, So you can sey: * Hetold mehis nama, but I've forgotten tt. or... but forgot It. ‘+ Kimberly isn't here. She's gone out. or... She went out. ©. We often use the present perfect wih ust, already, and yet. You can also use the simple past: Just =a short time ago: «7 yo hungry? "No, tve Just ed tunch’ or uxt had inch) We use already to say that something happened sooner than ‘+ ‘Don't forget to mall the letter” “ve already mailed t." (or! already mali tt) ‘Yet = unt now. It shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yot only in questions and negative sentences + Has it stopped raning yet? (or Didit stop rainng yet?) + | rote the letter, but haven't mailed it yet. (or... didn't mail t yet.) © Do not use the present periect when you talk about a finished time (for example, last night / two years ago/ yesterday, etc,). Use the simple past + ttsmowed last night. (not has snowed) ‘Where were you at 3:00? (not Where have you been) | etarted my now job two weeks ago... (not have started) * Nicole didn't go out yesterday. (not hasn't gone)Sy 8 Sh Exercises 7.1 Read the situations and write sentences with the present perfect. Choose one of the following: break drop go up grow improve -lose— turn on ‘Mike is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has fast his key. Jennifer ‘oan't: walk and her legis na cast, She. Maria's English wasn't very good. Now tt is much better. Jason didn’t have a beerd last month, Now he has a beard. Last week the bus fare was 80 cents. Now Itis 90. ‘The temperature was 55 degrees. Now {tis only 36. The temperature ‘The light was off Now itis on. Somebody mw 2, Complete B's sentences. Use the verb in parenthese: No, thanks, | "ve just had lunch, (ust / have) her just / see) (already / leave) Nae Sheps +just/already/yet. Pens o the fim, here. (ust / get) (hot / tall / yet) xo 7.3 Read the situations and write sentences with the words in parentheses and Just, already, or yet, Ms Afar lunch you go to $90 a fiend at her house. She says: “Would you like something to eat?" You say: “No, thank you, (have lunch) 2. Joe goes out. Ts rata late th pice Hngs and the caer seye: “Car | speak to Joe?" You say: *I'm sory, a gut) 8, You are eathg in a restaurant. The walter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: ‘Walt a minute! (not I finish) 4, You are going to a restaurant this evening. You call to reserve a table, Later your friend, says: “Should | call to reserve 8 table?” You say: “Ng gy 5. You know that a {friend of yours Is looking for a job. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her, Yousay:*@_ tiny ‘6, Laura went to the bank, end she returned a fw minutes ago. Somebody asks: “ls Laura sti at the bank?” You say:"No, pm back) 7.4 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong. ‘thas snowed last night. my purse? ‘Don 't forget to pay the gas bil.” *I've already done It." The accident has happened three days ago. ‘Sue hasn't been at work yesterday. Jery gave me his address, but I've lost it Have you seen Brad on Monday’? Where is the newspaper? What have you done with It? We have bought our house ih 1985. : i Serxonron=wy Witing Back & Workbook tt Present Perfect (2) (I have done) A. Study this example conversation: Dave: Have you traveled a lot, Jane? Jane; Yes, |'ve bean to lots of places, Dave; Really? Have you ever been to China? Jane: Yes, ve been to China twice, Dave; What about India’? at an 7 Jane: No, !havent. been to india. sh be When we talk about ‘@ period of tine that continues fom the past_untl now, we use the present perfect have beery have traveled, etc), Here, Dave and Jane are talking about the places Jane has visited In her ite (wrich is @ period that continues unt now) ‘Some more examples: * Have you ever eaten caviar? (in your ite) ‘+ Wo've never had a car + "Have youread Hamiot?” ‘No, Ihaven't read any of Shakespeare's plays.” + Susan rpaly loves that _movio, Sho's geen it eight times! + What aboring moviel its the moat boring movie I've ever seen. ‘been (to) = visited: * I've never been to China. Have you been there? Here are more examples of speakers talking about @ petiod that continues until now, (recently / in the last few days / so far / since breakfast, etc.) + Have you heard from Brian recent? Proconty + I've met alot of people In the last few days. + Eventing is goa wal We haven had ii any problems so far. PAR ny pevett asian acta Se. iii breakfast, (=from breakiast until now) + I's nice to see you again. We haven't sean pant ‘row each other for along time. 5. We use the present perfect with today / this moming / this evening, etc., when these periods are not finished at the tim of speaking: peeain teeter ead * Have you had a vacation this year? * [haven't seen Tom this moming. Have you" past ‘non ©. We say, "its the frst time somethng hes happened” (present perfect), For example: * Dons taking a driving lesson. It's hs fist ona, It the frst time he has driven a car. (not drives) or He has never driven a car before. * Sarah has lost her passport again. I's the second time this has happened. (not happens) * Eric is calling his gifiend again. This is the third time he's called her tonight. (4) ee!/asynglish) a a aa aa a a Exercises 6, (always | ve | in this town 2) 6. (most beautiful place | ever | visi?) What 8.2. Complete B's answers. Some sentences are positive and some negative. Use a verb from thsist be be eat happen have mest play mad soe soo A Saena axe 2 kno 8.3 Complete these sentences using today / this year / this semester, etc. 1. |'saw'Tom yesterday, but 2 | reada newspaper yesterday, but | 8. Last year the company: made a proft, but 4, Trecy worked hard et school last sernaster, but t 5 arconee | Mt WAR EF ee ie 8.4 Read thi ‘ituations and write sentences as shown in the examples. 1. James is diving a car, but he's very nervous and not sure what to do, You ask: He seys: 2, Bans playing tennis. He's not very good, and he doesn't Know the rules. You eskcHave_ 2 He says: No, this is the fist 8. Sua is riding horse, She doesn't look very confident or comfortable, You ask ‘She says: 4, Maria Is in Los Angeles. She has just arrived, and it's very new for her. You ask: ‘She says:ee Present Perfect Continuous (i have been doing) A. It has been raining. Study this example situation: leit raining? No, but the ground is wet, thas been reining. Have/has been -ing, is the present perfect continuovs: We use the present. perfect continuous for an activity that has recently stopped or just ‘stopped. There is a connection with now: ‘* You're out of breath. Have you been running? (You're out of breath now) '* Jason Is very tired. He's been working very hard. (He's tied now.) '* Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? + Ie been talking to Amanda about the problem, and she agrees with me. ©. Ithas been raining for two hours. —_Study this example situation: Itis raining now. Itbegen raining two hours ago. How long has It been raining? {thas been raining for two hours. ‘We often use the present perfect continuous in this way, ‘especialy with how long, for, and since, The activity is itll happening or has Just stopped. How long have you been studying English? (You're stil studying English.) Tim is stil watching TV. He's been watching TV all day. Where have you bean? I've been looking ‘or you for the last half hour. Christopher hasn't been feeling woll recently. ‘You can use the present perfect continuous for actions that are repeated over a period of time: '* Debbie is @ very good tennis player. She's been playing since she was eight. ‘+ Every morning they mest in the same cafe, They've been going there for years, ©. Compare am doing (ee Unt 1) and | have been ding: (ems ann lens acre ences row * Don't bothier me now. I'm working. + ['ve been working herd, 99 row I'm gong to take a break. + We need an umbrella, It's raining. * The ground Is wet, It's been raining ‘+ Hurry up! We're waiting. + We've been waiting foran hour, (28) eeteasy.english] Exercises 9.1 What have these people been doing or what has been happening? 9.2 Write a question for each situation. 1. John looks sunburned. You ask: (you / sit In the sun?) _ Have you been sitting in the sun? 2. You have just arrived to meet a fiend who is waitng for you. You ask: (you /walt/ jong?) eel 8. You meet a friend on the street. His face and hands are very dity. You ask: (what / you / 60%). 4. Afflend of yours is now living on Main Strest. You want to know *Howlong. ..2* You ask: (how long / youve / on Mein Street?) 5. A fiiend tells you about her job- she sells com»puters, You want to know “How jong . ‘You ask: (how long / you / sell / computers?) ss ‘3. Read the situations and complete the sentences. 1, The rain started two hours ago. It's stil raining now. it has_bean raining for two hours. a oes walting for the bus 20 minutes ago. We're sill waiting now, for 20 minutes. 3. sd Sparish classes in December. 'm stil studying Sparish now ______ shoe December. 4, Seaax ai working in Tokyo on January 18th, She's still workdng. there now. —____ nce January 18th. 5. Years ago you started writing to & pen pal. You still write to each other regularly, We for years. 9.4 Put the verb into the present continuous (1 am -ing) or present perfect continuous ( have been -ing). 1. Maria has been studying (etudy) English for two years, 2, Helo, Tom. (00k) for you all momning. Where have you been? 3, Wry__you/ook) at me Ike that? Stop it! f Near een (90) there for years. 5. (think) about what you said; and I've decided to take your ae 6. “is Kim on vacation this week? * *No, she —_ —__ (work)" 7. Sarah is very ted. She (work) very hard recenty. ee! (49)