DIPLOMA IN PLANT ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (MECHANICAL)

SESI MEI-OKTOBER 2021

DPV 10402 CHEMISTRY

Report Writing:

SALTS

PREPARED BY:

NAMA MATRIX NUMBER

MUHAMMAD HANIF ASHRAN BIN 333691226449
HISHAM

LECTURER:
EN. MOHD RIDZUAN BIN SAARI
 TABLE OF CONTENTS:

NO Contents
1 Topic, Tools and Theory/Introduction
Subtopic

1.1 Tools, materials, and equipment’s

1.2 Introduction of salts

2 Procedure and Result

2.1 Procedure
2.2 Result
2.3 Discussion

3 Conclusion, and References

1. Topic, Tools and Theory/Introduction Topic

Topic Introduction to chemistry and

measurement
Subtopic: Introduction to salts

Student Learning Outcomes: The objectives of this laboratory are:

1.To determine temperature and

solubility of salts

1.1 Tools, materials, and equipment’s

Materials -Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Potassium Chloride (KCl),

Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3), Copper (II) Sulfate (CuSO4),
Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7), Potassium Chlorate (KClO3),
Cerius Sulfate (Ce2(SO4)3), Distilled water

Equipment’s
Weighing scale, Crucible, Beaker, Bunsen Burner, Thermometer,
Stirring rod,

1.2 Introduction of Salts

Salts are ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and
a base. They are composed of equal number of cations and anions so that the salt is
electrically neutral. These component ions can be inorganic, such as chloride or
organic, such as acetate and can be monoatomic, such as Fluoride or polyatomic,
such as Sulfate.
Salts are formed by the reaction of acids and base. And a salt contains positive as
well as negative ions. Depending on the positive and negative ions, salts can be
categorized into family.
If two salts have same positive or same negative radicals, they are called to be of
same family.
In other words, if salts are formed by the reaction of same acid with different bases,
then all salts so formed belong to the same family. On the other hand, if salts formed
by the reaction of same base with different acids, then all salts so formed have same
negative ions, and all such salts belong to the same family.
In Sodium chloride and sodium sulphate, sodium which is a positive ion is same in
both salts. Thus, sodium chloride and sodium sulphate belong to the sodium family.
Similarly, in sodium chloride and potassium chloride, chloride which is negative ion is
same. Thus, sodium chloride and potassium chloride both belong to chloride family.
There are several varieties of salts. Types of salts include acidic salts, basic salts,
neutral salts, hydrated salts etc.

2. Procedure and Result

2.1 Procedure

1. Prepared all the apparatus and material.

2. Take 50 g of NaCl and pour it into 100 ml of distilled water in a beaker.

3. Heat the substance from starting point 0°C until 100°C.

4. Note down the weight of the substance.

5. Repeat step 2 until step 4 with other substances provided.

2.2 Result
SUBSTANCE 0°C 35°C 80°C 100°C
(g)/TEMPERATUR
E (°C)
SODIUM 14.8048 13.2281 11.5901 10.9708
CHLORIDE (NaCl)
POTASSIUM 21.1349 11.3791 0 0
CHLORIDE (KCl)
SODIUM NITRATE 0 0 0 0
(NaNO3)
COPPER (II) 35.70 21.0696 0 0
SULFATE (CuSO4)
POTASSIUM 45.9458 36.0649 2.42856 0
DICHROMATE
(K2Cr2O7)
POTASSIUM 46.5079 38.5879 12.95 0
CHLORATE
(KClO3)
CERIUS SULFATE 30.9919 45.8192 49.0727 49.4665
(Ce2(SO4)3)
 Chart Title
60

50

40
Temperature

30

20

10

0
SODIUM POTASSIUM SODIUM COPPER (II) POTASSIUM POTASSIUM CERIUS
CHLORIDE CHLORIDE NITRATE SULFATE DICHROMATE CHLORATE SULFATE
(NaCl) (KCl) (NaNO3) (CuSO4) (K2Cr2O7) (KClO3) (Ce2(SO4)3)

Axis Title

0°C 35°C 80°C 100°C

2.3 Discussion
The significance of the results is to show the relationship between the
temperature and solubility of a salt when it is in water. In this experiment, the end of
result came out to be only Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and Cerius Sulfate (Ce2(SO4)3)
still has the salt at the bottom of beaker which can be classified as excess.

Mass of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is decreasing when the temperature increase

but different for mass of Cerius Sulfate (NaCl) which that at first it is decreasing at
0°C temperature. And then, as the temperature increase, the mass increase too but
not exceed 50g which the fixed mass that we have set for all substances.
3. Conclusion and References

Conclusion
- It can be concluded that the temperature at which we heat the salt solution makes a
difference when we’re trying to find the solubility of any kind of salt. If we have a high
amount of salt in water, it can last long or require a higher temperature to dissolve the
salt.

Reference
• https://youtu.be/2yfB3gcXDno
• http://chemcollective.org/vlab/87
• https://www.toppr.com/ask/content/concept/basics-of-salts-202743/