Critical Aspects of Construction

1. Storage of Materials,
2. Proper Cover to the Reinforcing Steel,
3. Proper Beam-Column Joints,
4. Good Finishing,
5. Proper Alignment of Columns,
6. Ductile Detailing of Secondary Reinforcement
(providing appropriate hooks for the stirrups
and lateral ties),
7. Water-Proofing Treatment in Retaining Walls &
Grade Slab,
8. Following Proper Construction Methodology.
Storage of Reinforcing Steel
Lack of Cover to the
Reinforcing Steel
Bottom of the junction of two beams (no cover Bottom of a staircase slab (zero
to one of the beams and rusted stirrups) cover and Rusted bars)

Improper cover, joggling of vertical bars, and the breakage of cover in the columns
Reinforcement is seen in beam Reinforcement and gunny bags can
bottom be seen in beam

Pile cap with zero cover. Reinforcement

The concreting of pile cap is in progress can be seen on the surface. The
without cover blocks surroundings were filled with the soil on
the next day without repair
Improper Beam-Column
Joints
Main bars of the beams located outside the vertical bars of the column

Half the width of the beam is outside the column

 Improper Detailing of
Secondary Reinforcement
Absence of confining reinforcement, bent up
hooks, and inadequate hook length Inadequate hook length and
absence of 135o angle
 Chipping of the Concrete
and Cutting of Reinforcing
Steel
 Chipping of Beams

Chipping and cutting of

Chipping of Column in Basement reinforcement (GF)
Improper Alignment of
Columns
Jig jag column line Two in one: Tilt of the column and lack of
cover for the reinforcing steel
Seepage Through Concrete
Cracking in the
Beam Due to
Corrosion of
Reinforcing Steel
Due to Seepage from
Toilet
Spalling of Cover
Concrete Due to
Corrosion of Reinforcing
Steel Due to Seepage
Flooding of Water
in
Basements
Flooding in the Basements due to Leakage and Seepage
Deterioration Due To Bad
Quality
Deterioration of RC structures