INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
Air pollution is a problem in big cities, including Jakarta
province, the capital of the Republic of Indonesia. The
pollution is due to increased human activities, population
growth, the increasing number of industries, and
transportation. Monitoring of ambient air quality
parameters, such as total suspended particles (TSP),
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon Mo nitrogen
oxide ide, hydrocarbons, and lead, in Jakarta indicates
that the condition is concerning.

Transportation is the main source of ambient air pollution

in Jakarta, which has 10 million people. It is larger than
any other municipality in Indonesia with 15,000 people per
square kilometer. According to the Statistic Central
Agency, the number of vehicles in Jakarta in 2003 was 3.4
million motorcycles, 1.99 million passenger cars,
467,000 trucks, and 392,000 buses. Meanwhile, oil fuel
consumption increased. In 2003, oil fuel use was
68 percent of total energy consumption. In 2004–2005, the
demand for gasoline in Jakarta rose, resulting in increased
AVATAR TEAM air pollution. Ambient air pollution has a significant impact
on the health and economic sectors. Health care costs
DIPONEGORO increase by US$3.8 million per year. On average, people
have only 18 "good air" days in a year. In 2004, 46 percent
UNIVERSITY of all illness cases in Jakarta were respiratory related.

The World Bank document ”Estimating the health effects

of air pollutants: a method with an application to Jakarta”
mentions that: “The results for Jakarta suggest that
significant benefits result from reducing exposure to both
outdoor and indoor air pollutants. For example, if annual
concentrations of particulate matter were reduced to the
midpoint of the World Health Organization guideline (and
former U.S. ambient standard), the estimates indicate a
reduction per year of 1,400 premature deaths (with a
range of 900 to 1,900) 49,000 emergency room visits,
600,000 asthma attacks, 7.6 million restricted activity
days (including work loss), 124,000 cases of
bronchitis in children and 37 million minor respiratory
symptoms. In the case of Jakarta, the methodology
suggests that reducing exposure to lead and nitrogen
dioxide should also be a high priority. An important
consequence of ambient lead pollution is a reduction in
learning abilities for children, measured as IQ loss.”
 Respiratory diseases the top killer an article by Sari P.
Setiogi (The Jakarta Post, 12. Sept. 2003) ”Respiratory
diseases have become the number one killer in Indonesia,
INTRODUCTION
up from number three in 1997 and number six in 1993, an
expert says. Pulmonologist Ida Bernida said on Thursday
that air pollution had worsened in the past decade,
exacerbating respiratory diseases, including
tuberculosis (TBC), asthma, lung cancer, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and
pneumonia. He said cardiovascular diseases and cancer
were the number two and three killers respectively.

The fact for Jakarta is that air pollution will increase in the
future rather than improve mainly due to the growing
number in motor vehicles. About 70% of Jakarta’s air
pollution stems from pollutants puffed in the air by motor
vehicles, while the remaining 30% comes from industrial
emissions. Jakarta’s Traffic Police Division predicts the
growth of the number of vehicles as around 5% per month.
Those vehicles consume an enormous amount of diesel
fuel, premium gasoline, kerosene and gas fuel. Most of the
diesel fuel sold in Jakarta is low quality and gives off a lot
of sulfur pollutants.
AVATAR TEAM
Although the government has introduced unleaded
DIPONEGORO gasoline to improve the air in Jakarta, experts say the
capital’s air still contains the hazardous substance, one
UNIVERSITY reason being that thousands of vehicles from outside
Greater Jakarta travel here every day and they emit lead.
A high lead content in human blood, particularly children,
can cause anemia, lower intelligence, cause behavioral
problems, affect fertility, and disrupt the nervous
system. The phasing out of leaded gasoline is a
significant achievement that should be continued. At the
same time the public should also be informed that the
substance that replaces lead and is called the high
octane mogas component (HOMC) has a high content of
olefin and aromatic. Like lead, olefin and aromatic is dirty
octane, which could affect both the vehicle’s machine as
well as the health of people in Jakarta. Although the
administration requires vehicle owners to take emission
tests, 77.6% of public and commercial vehicles in the
city did not pass the test. A majority of private cars also
failed the test.
 The ideal ratio of green space recommended by
environmentalists and the Indonesian Forum for the
INTRODUCTION
Environment (WALHI) should be 30%. Air pollution is not
only affecting the area where it happens. The winds, air
pressure, storms take the particles to far away regions and
countries. Therefore scientists do refer to forests as lungs
of our earth. Indonesia is home to the third-largest tropical
forest after Brazil and the Congo. But every two years,
Indonesia loses about four million hectares of forest, an
area roughly the size of Switzerland due to logging and
burning. If this rate continues by 2010 most forests in
Sumatra and Kalimantan will disappear and air pollution
will increase dramatically.

AirPreVolution is one solution for that complex and

sophisticated problem. AirPreVolution stands for AIR
Pollution pREvention eVOLUTION which mean
solve the air pollution problem with a better idea through
some branch new way that never thought before.
AVATAR TEAM
There are several concepts of Airprevolution dealing
DIPONEGORO with pollution problem that occurred. This is related to
UNIVERSITY scanning the air component and the separation of
substances based on the component contained on the air.
Considerations on various aspects of the environment also
become the main idea of this program. Important point
must be considered are

1. Provide a dynamic change on the spread of pollution

2. Provide information about the levels of harmful
substances in the air
3. Provide the appropriate database and any updates in
real time via the internet
4. Informed about the effects of early detection and rapid
spread of pollution
5. Has a handling system for a very high level of pollution
6. Can change the harmful components in the air with a
specific tool
7. Use the environment to manage and control the
pollution level
 soluTION
Airprevolution device technology placed on the spot
which produced a pollution or on the place that potentially
harm the environment. It can captured free air around the
place and then

SOLUTION

AVATAR TEAM
DIPONEGORO
UNIVERSITY