Classification of antihypertensive drugs

Gentamycin
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration, It distribute into the
extracellular space with minimal penetration into tissues other than the kidneys and the
inner ear, Gentamicin undergoes little to no metabolism, Excretion Gentamicin is
excreted primarily by the kidneys in the urine by glomerular filtration. 70% or more of an
initial gentamicin dose can be recovered in the urine within 24 hours.
Medical uses
Gentamicin is active against a wide range of bacterial infections, mostly
Gram-negative bacteria. Gentamicin is used in the treatment of respiratory
tract infections, urinary tract infections, blood, bone and soft tissue infections
of these susceptible bacteria.
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of protein biosynthesis by irreversible binding of the aminoglycoside to the
bacterial ribosome 30S subunit. some propose that truncated proteins are placed at the
cell wall, compromising its impermeability, while others also suggest that accumulation
of reactive oxygen species, as a consequence of depletion of proteins involved with
oxidation-reduction reactions, may lead to bacterial death.
The possible routes of drug administration
Cream, topical, as sulfate: 0.1% (15 g, 30 g)
Injection, solution: 10 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL
Ointment, ophthalmic, as sulfate: 0.3% (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical, as sulfate: 0.1% (15 g, 30 g)
Solution, ophthalmic, as sulfate: 0.3% (5 mL, 15 mL)
The day regimen (dose)
➢ Traditional dosing in Gram negative infection: 1.7-2mg/kg IV q8h
➢ Topical: Eczematoid dermatitis or Impetigo: Apply small amount of
cream/ointment to affected area q8h OR q6h.
➢ Opthalmic: Ointment: Apply a small ribbon to the affected eye q12h OR q8h.
➢ Solution: One to two drops into the affected eye every 4 hours.

Acyclovir
Pharmacokinetics
Acyclovir is slowly and poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and bioavailability
decreases with increasing dose. Acyclovir is widely distributed into tissues and body
fluids. Plasma protein binding is relatively low at 9 to 24%. Renal excretion is the major
route of elimination of acyclovir.
Medical uses
Acyclovir is used to treat cold sores around the mouth, shingles, and chickenpox. It is
also used to treat outbreaks of genital herpes. It helps the sores heal faster, keeps new
sores from forming, and decreases pain/itching. acyclovir can decrease the risk of the
virus spreading to other parts of the body and causing serious infections.
Mechanism of Action
Acyclovir is converted to its triphosphate form, acyclovir triphosphate (ACV-TP),
which competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase, incorporates into and
terminates the growing viral DNA chain, and inactivates the viral DNA polymerase .
The possible routes of drug administration
Capsule 200mg
Cream 5%
Ointment 5%
Oral Suspension 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 200mg/5ml
Powder for Injection 500mg
Tablet 400mg, 800mg
The day regimen (dose)
For oral dosage forms (capsules, oral suspension, or tablets) :-
➢ For treatment of genital herpes: 200 milligrams (mg) five times a day for ten
days.
➢ For treatment of chickenpox: 800 mg four times a day for five days.
➢ For treatment of shingles: 800 mg five times a day for seven to ten days.
For injection dosage form :- (injected slowly into a vein over at least a one-hour period)
➢ For treatment of herpes of the brain, genitals, or mucous membranes, or for the
treatment of shingles: 5 to 10 mg of acyclovir and repeated every eight hours for
five to ten days.
➢ For treatment of widespread herpes virus infection in newborns: 10 mg of
acyclovir and repeated every eight hours for ten days.

Fluconazole
Pharmacokinetics
Following oral dosing, fluconazole is almost completely absorbed within two hours.
Concentrations measured in the urine, tears, and skin are approximately 10 times the
plasma concentration, whereas saliva, sputum, and vaginal fluid concentrations are
approximately equal to the plasma concentration. only 10% of elimination is due to
metabolism, the remainder being excreted in urine and sweat.
Medical uses
The treatment of non-systemic Candida infections of the vagina ("yeast infections"),
throat, and mouth. Certain systemic Candida infections in people with healthy immune
systems, including infections of the bloodstream, kidney, or joints. Other antifungals are
usually preferred when the infection is in the heart or central nervous system, and for
the treatment of active infections in people with weak immune systems.
Mechanism of action
Fluconazole interacts with 14-demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme responsible
for catalyzing the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. As ergosterol forms a critical
part of the fungal cell membrane, so it decreases ergosterol synthesis and inhibits cell
membrane formation.
The possible routes of drug administration
Infusion: 2 mg/mL (100 mL, 200 mL)
Powder for oral suspension: 10 mg/mL (35 mL), 40 mg/mL (35 mL)
Tablet: 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg
The day regimen (dose)
➢ oral (mouth) thrush – 50mg a day, taken for 7 to 14 days
➢ vaginal thrush or balanitis – 150mg, taken as a single dose
➢ vaginal thrush that keeps coming back – 150mg, taken once every 72 hours for
the first 3 doses, then take 150mg once a week for 6 months
➢ candida infections (in your blood or elsewhere in your body) – 200mg to 800mg a
day for several weeks
➢ cryptococcal meningitis – 200mg to 800mg a day for several weeks.