API-520, Part-I

PRESSURE RELIEVING DEVICE

Sizing & Selection
Presented by: Fahrudin A
In-House API Training, February 2012

1
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 CONTENT

I. Introduction

II. PSV Part

III
III. How does it work

IV. Pressure Setting

V. Sizing & Selection

VI. Sizing Using Software

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I. Introduction-Definition
PSV Purpose

ƒ Protection p
property
p by venting
g fluid from an over p
pressurized Vessel
Definition

What the different between Safety valve and relieve valve?

Safety Valve:
spring loaded pressure relief valve actuated
b th
by the static
t ti pressure upstream
t off the
th valve
l and
d
characterized by rapid opening or pop action. A safety valve
is normally used with compressible fluids

Relieve Valve:
spring
p g loaded pressure
p relief valve actuated
by the static pressure upstream of the valve. The valve
opens normally in proportion to the pressure increase over the
opening pressure. A relief valve is used primarily with incompressible
fluids.
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I. Introduction
Valve Close Valve Open

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I. Introduction- Correlation with safety protection layer
ƒ Layer of protections are a serial protections (can be consisted of control,
protection, mitigation and evacuation actions) to be installed to bring the
system into safe state
ƒ Accident will happen if one or more protections layer are fails
Ideal Æ Protection layer is solid & strong (failure will not propagate through them)
Reality Æ Layer not Solid, they’re more like cheese
The holes are caused by flaws due to management, engineering, operations, and other errors

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II. PSV Part
Conventional PSV Balanced Bellow PSV
Balanced-Bellow

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II. PSV Part
Process Engineer main view for sizing Safety valve is to calculate nozzle
size (called Orifice) to have proper amount flow of the process fluid)
This certain area has been standardized in API 526 (Flange Steel Pressure
Relief Valves

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III. How Does it Work
When system pressure reaches the desired opening pressure, the pressure
force of the process fluid pass through the inlet and then it is acting over
Area A equals
q the force of the spring,
p g and the disc will lift and allow fluid
to flow out through the outlet.
When pressure in the system returns to a safe level, the valve will return to the
closed iti .
l d position

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IV. Pressure setting
Pressure Terminology
‰ Maximum operating
pressure
‰ MAWP (basis for setting
relieve device)
‰ D i pressure (used
Design ( d
during fabric. To determine
minimum permissible
thickness)
‰ Accumulation (P increase
over MAWP during disc tru
rel device))
‰ Overpressure (P incr over set
press of Rel Device to achieve
full lift capa)
‰ Rated relieving capacity
Reliev capa used as the
basis for the application of rel
device

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IV. Pressure setting
Blowdown: Difference between the set pressure and the closing pressure of
press rel valve (expressed as percentage of set pressure, typically -7% and -
10%)

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IV. Pressure setting
Relieve Pressure
Relieving pressure shall not exceed MAWP
(accumulation) by more than:
ƒ 3% for steam boilers
ƒ 10% for vessels equipped with a single valve
ƒ 16% for vessels equipped with multiple valves
ƒ 21% for fire contingency

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V. Sizing & Selection
Main of PSV sizing is to calculate Orifice.
Fit for purpose, and to avoid

1. Smaller Size Æ PSV unable to meet the main function (system over
pressure, burst or rupture)
2. Over sizing Æ PSV allow process fluid to release “too much”,
Due to its large capacity, the pressure in the pressurize system will be
decreased rapidly and then the PSV will re-close, . But, as the PSV is
closing, the pressure in the pressurized system is increasing again and
the set p
pressure of the PSV is reached again,
g and the PSV will open
p
again (called “chattering”)

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V. Sizing & Selection
Design Step & Methodology

Choose
Sizing
• Where Type • Scenario
PSV to be • SSelected
l t d PSV relieve (block • Define
D fi
laceted line, fire case, Orifice size
Type, Spring etc)
Locate or RD Develop
relieve
li S
Scenario
i

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V. Sizing & Selection
Locate Relieve

Where’s PSV to be located

‰ All vessels
‰ Discharge
g sides of p
positive displacement
p p
pumps,
p,
compressors, and turbines
‰ Vessel steam jackets
‰ Where PHA indicates the need

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V. Sizing & Selection
Choose Type

What Type to be used

The most commonly used is Spring load type (Conventional or

Balance Bellow)
Balance-Bellow)

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V. Sizing & Selection
Choose Type

Conventional Valve

‰ Advantages
+ Most reliable type if properly sized and operated

+ Versatile -- can be used in many services

‰ Disadvantages
ƒ Relieving
gppressure affected by y back p
pressure
ƒ Susceptible to chatter if built-up back pressure is
too high

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V. Sizing & Selection
Choose Type

Conventional Valve

• Built-up Back Pressure is

pressure iin discharge
di h header
h d
due to friction loss after valve
open
• Superimposed Back Pressure is
Pressure in discharge
g header
when valve is closed
• Total Back Pressure = Built-up
b k press + SSuperimposed
back i d
back pressure

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V. Sizing & Selection
Choose Type

Balanced - Bellow

‰ Advantages
+ Relieving pressure not affected by back pressure

+ Can handle higher built-up back pressure

+ Protects spring
p g from corrosion

‰ Disadvantages
g
ƒ Bellows susceptible to fatigue/rupture

ƒ Mayy release flammables/toxics

/ to atmosphere
p
ƒ Requires separate venting system

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V. Sizing & Selection
Develop Scenario

‰ A description of one specific relief event

‰ Usually each relief has more than one relief event, more
th one scenario
than i
‰ Examples include:
ƒ Overfilling
ƒ Fire
ƒ Runaway reaction
ƒ Blocked lines with subsequent expansion
‰ Developed through Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)

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V. Sizing & Selection
Sizing
Gas Service US Unit

ƒ A : Minimum required discharge area (in2)

where
ƒ W: Required relieving capa (lb/hr)
ƒ C: Coefficient determined from an expression of ratio of the specific
heat (k=cp/cv) of gas or vapor at inlet relieve condition
ƒ Kd : Effective coefficient of discharge,
0 975 when installed RD (rup disk) in combination
0.975,
ƒ P1 : upstream relieving pressure (psia)
Set pressure + allowable over pressure
ƒ Kb : Capa
C correction
ti factor
f t due
d to t b
backk pressure
from manufacturer literature or fig-30 (API-520)
ƒ Kc : Combination correction factor for installed with RD
= 1.0 when RD is not installed
= 0.9 when RD installed in combination
ƒ T : Relieving temp of inlet gas or vapor (R)
ƒ Z : Compressibility factor
ƒ M : Molecular weight (lbm/lbmol)
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VI. Sizing Using Software
Almost all of equipments sizing is using software, but important thing is

“it’s
it s not about the gun
gun, it
it’ss about the man behind the gun”
gun

Software is only calculating what is coming through it, and do what we told

Software for PSV Sizing

ƒ Instrucalc
ƒ Valvestar (Software from Manufacturer: LESER)

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VI. Sizing Using Software

Sizing using Instrucalc

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VI. Sizing Using Software
Sizing using Excel Sheet

Microsoft Office
cel Macro-Enabled W

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 End
Th k Y
Thank You very M
Much
h

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