CORRELATION ANALYSIS

 The correlation analysis is used to find out the degree of

relationship between two sets of variables.
 Unlike in regression analysis, in correlation analysis, we do
not distinguish the variables into dependent and independent
variables.
 This is also used to validate the research instrument to
validate the reliability of it. The most common used
coefficients is the Pearson’s coefficient of correlation
coefficient.

What is correlation?
 When two variables whose relationship is being investigated
are both quantitative, correlation analysis can be applied to
the data.
 Correlation is a statistical technique, which can show if and
how strongly pairs of variables are related.
 The main result of a correlation is called the correlation
coefficient.
 The coefficient of correlation can range from -1 to +1
inclusively.
Interpretation of Coefficient Correlation

After we compute the coefficient of correlation, we interpret the

value of Pearson Product-Moment of Correlation (r)
R Descriptive Level
+ 1.00 Perfect Correlation
Between + 0.75 to + 0.99 High Correlation
Between + 0.51 to + 0.74 Moderately High Correlation
Between + 0.31 to + 0.50 Moderately Low Correlation
Between + 0.01 to + 0.30 Low Correlation
0.00 No Correlation
How to Compute?
X Y XY X2 Y2
The raw The raw X is Double the Double the
data is data is multiplied value of X value of Y
given given with Y
Get the Get the Get the Get the Get the
total or total or total or total or total or
Summation Summation Summation Summation Summation
of X of Y of XY of X2 of Y2

After computation, it is easy for you to use the formula, just

substitute the needed value, since it was already summarized in the
table.

To illustrate:
Use the formula then substitute the computed value at the table
We arrive at the answer, by computing the raw data, as presented
in the table
Is there a significant relationship between the two sets of test scores
in Algebra and Geometry of 10 students?

Algebra (X) Geometry (Y) XY X2 Y2

18 19 342 324 361
15 17 255 225 289
13 14 182 169 196
16 15 240 256 225
13 14 182 169 196
10 11 110 100 121
13 12 156 169 144
15 14 210 225 196
10 13 130 100 169
14 17 238 196 289
137 146 2045 1933 2186

Answer:

Interpretation: There is highly significant correlation between

Algebra and Geometry scores.

SPEARMAN RANK DIFFERENCE COEFFICIENT OF RELATION

 Spearman rank-difference coefficient of relation may also be
applied even if numerical values in form of scores are
available; ranks may be preferred as they are found to be
necessary under certain conditions.
 It establishes relationship for an ordinal level of measurement.
 This is the formula:
To illustrate:
Is there any degree of correlation in the ranks of the contestants
given or assigned by two members of the board of judges in a duet
contest?

Contestant A B C D E F G H
First Judge 1 3 6 8 2 4 5 7
Second 2 4 5 7 1 3 6 8
Judge

To answer you just have to do this:

Contestant First Judge Second D D2
Judge
Given data Given Data Given Data First Judge Square the
– Second difference
Judge between the
First judge
and second
judge, then,
sum it up

To illustrate
Contestant First Judge Second D D2
Judge
A 1 2 -1 1
B 3 4 -1 1
C 6 5 1 1
D 8 7 1 1
E 2 1 1 1
F 4 3 1 1
G 5 6 -1 1
H 7 8 -1 1
8

Answer:

Interpretation: There is a high positive correlation between two sets

of ranks given by the two judges.