Activity Page 2: Clasify the Followin Acronyms and abreviations as follows:

Code/Convention - Equipment use don board - General Maritime terms

AB:

AIS: it stands for Automatic Identification System. It is an automatic tracking

sytem that uses transceivers on ship and is used by vessel traffic services. It
is a device that can transmit and receive communications. A combined
transmiter and receiver.

ARPA: it stands for Automatic Radar Piloting Aid. Its purpose is display or show
the position of a ship and other vessels nearby. The radar displays the
position of the ships in the vicinty and selects the course for vessel by
avoiding any kind of collision.

ATT: it stands for American Telephone and Telegraph / Apprentice Technical

Training. It refers to an american Company for Satellite Communications.

BIDEU:

BR: it stands for Breadth. . It is the horizontal distance in the transversal plane
of the vessel between port side and starboard.

BNWAS: it stands for Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System.

CLRTIS: ¿? Chronic Lower respiratory tract infections.

COLREGS: it stands for Convention on the international Regulations for

Preventing Collisions at sea. It is a international Convention adopted by IMO
with all relation the Prevention of Collisions at sea.

COW: it stands for crude oil washing. It refers to the washing out residues from
the tanks using crude oil.

CNL: it stands for Customer Notification Letter.

CPA: it stands for Closet Point of Approach. It refers to an estimated point in the
distance between two ships. It´s used to evaluate the risk of a collision of
two ships.

COGSA: it stands for The Carriage of goods by sea Act. It refers to a United
states statute governing the rights and reponsibilities between shippers of
cargo and ship-owners regarding ocean shipments to and from the United
states.

DPS: it stands for Damege per second / Delivery Point Sequence (US postal
Sevice)

DSC: Digital Selective Calling

DWT: it stands for Dead weight Tonnage.

ECDIS: it stands for electronic chart display and information system. It consists of
a development in the navigational chart system used in naval vessels and
ships. It displays the navigation charts in real time while the ship is
navigatng.

ELT: it stands for Emergency Location Transmitter.

EPIRB: Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon

ETA: it stands for estimated time of arrival. It is commonly used to denote the
date and time at wich a ship is expected to arrive at a port.

ETD: it stands for estimated time of departure. It is commonly used to denote

the date and time at wich a ship is expected to depart from a certain port or
terminal.

ENC: it stands for Electronical Navigational Chart.

GM: ¿? Metacentre Height

GMDSS: it stands for Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. It consists of
an international agreed-upon set of safety, types of equipment and
comunication protocols used to increase safety and make it easier to rescue
distressed ships, boats and aircrafts.

GPS: it stands for Global Positioning System. It is a electronic device. Its

Purpose is to show the ship´s location with the help of global Positioning
satellites in the earth´s orbit.

GLONASS: it stands for Global Navigational Satellite System.

GYRO: it stands for Gyroscope. It

HFO: it stands for Heavy Fuel Oil. It consists of a category of fuel oils known
as bunker oil or residual fuel oil. It is the result or the process from
destillation and cracking process of crude Oil.
HD:

IHO: it stands for International Hydrographic Organization. It refers an

international orgatization wich is incharge of Hydrographic Topics.

IMO: it stands for international maritime organization. It is the main Organization

that regulates all the maritime activities around the world.

IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods (international code)

INMARSAT: it stands for international maritime satellite Organization. It is a

British satellite telecommunicatios Company, offering Global mobile
Services. It provides telephone and data services to users worlwide.

IRNSS: it stands for The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. It is an

autonomus regional sattelite Navigation system that provides accuarate
positioning and times services. It covers India and a región extending 1.500
Kms.

ISF: it stands for International Shipping Federation. It´s the international

federation for employees of shipping industry.

ISPS: it stands for International ship and Port Facilities Security.

IMDG: it stands for International Maritime Dangerous Goods. (International Code)

LAT: it stands for Lowest Astronomical Tide. It is the height above the lowest
tidal wáter level, wich can be used for a level alone on the basis of the
contained locally dominant tidal conditions.

LL: it stands for load lines. International Convention on load lines. It is an

international Conventios adopted by IMO for ensure that a ship has sufficient
freeboard (the height from the waterline to the main deck) and thus sufficient
reserve Buoyancy (Volume of ship above the waterline). It should also
ensure adequate stability and avoid excessive stress on the ship´s hull as a
result of overloading.

LNG: it stands for liquified natural gas. It consists of a natural gas like methan
and methane that has been cooled down and it is transported under non-
pressurized storage or transport.

LOA: it stands for length overa all. It is the horizontal distance in the
longitudinal plane of the vessel between stern and the bow.

LORAN: it stands for Long Range Navigation System.

LPP: it stands for Length between Perpendiculars. It refers to the distance
references lines between bow perpendicular and stern perpendicular.

LUTs: it stands for Land use and transportantion (system).

M: ¿? Metacentre

MARPOL: it stands for marine Pollution. It is an international convention and it

consists of the Prevention of Pollution from ships caused by operational or
accident facts. It was adopted by IMO in 1973.

MCC: it stands for Merchant Category Code.

MF: Mean Frequency. / Medium Frequency (300 Khz to 3 Mhz)

MID: it stands for Maritime Identification Digit.

MISLE: it stands for Marine Information for safety and Law Enforcement.

*MMC: it stands for Maritime Management Company.

MMSI: it stands for Maritime Mobile Service Identity. It referes to nine digits sent
over a radio frequency to identify ships stations.

MO: ¿? It stands for Managing Owner.

MODU: it stands for Mobile Offshore drilling Unit.

MSIS: it stands for Maritime Safety Information Service.

MTSA: it stands for Maritime Transportation security Administration.

NAVTEX: it stands for Navigational Text Messages. it is a electronic device for

receiving meteorological reports and Navigational information.

NATO: it stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It refers to an

international treaty of military Alliance from countrys of european Union and
USA.

NM: it stands for Nautical Mile. It is a unit of measurement used in maritme

navigation and charting.

NT: it stands for Net Tonnage.

OCMI: it stands for Officer in charge, Marine Inspections.

OD:
OIM: it stands for Offshore installation Manager.

OOW: it stands for Officers on the Watch. He is in incharge of the safety and
smooth navigation of the ship whilst keeping a watch on the bridge.

OPA: it stands for Owner´s Protective Agency.

OUVP: it stands for Operator of Uninspected Passenger Vessels.

PAD: ¿? Payer Amendment Fee Destination.

PLBs: it stands for Personal Locator Beacon.

PO: it stands for Post Office / Purchase order Number ¿?

PPE: it stands for Personal Protective Equipment.

PPI: ¿? Producer PriceIndex / Principal Party of Ixterest.

QMED: it stands for Qualified member of the engineering department.

RADAR: it stands for Rado detecting and ranging. Its purpose is to determinate
the distance of the ship from land, other ships, or any floating object out at
sea.

RCC: it stands for Rescue Coordination Centre.

RCDS: it stands for Raster Chart Display System.

RNCs: it stands for Raster Navigational Chart.

RO-RO: It stands for Roll on – Roll off.

SAR: it stands for Search and Recue. / International on maritime Search and
rescue.

SARSAT: it stands for Search and Rescue Satellite Aided – Tracking.

SART: it stands for Search and Rescue Transponder. It refers to a self.contained

waterproof radar transponder of emergency use at sea.

SMCP: it stands for Standard Marine Communication Phrases. It refers to a set

key phrases developed in english.

SMNV: it stands for Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary. It refers to an

international Vocabulary developed by the IMO.

SONAR: it stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging.

SOLAS: it stands for Safety of Life At sea. It is the most important international
convention in relation with security of ships and human life at sea.

SS: it stands for Steam Ship. It refers to ships wich propulsión system is by
steam.

STCW: it stands for Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for

seafarers. It refers to a international Convention that stablish the mínimum
standards wich captains, officer end personal onboard should have.

TEU: it stands for Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit. It refers to an inexact unit of

cargo Capacity used to describe the capacity of container ships.

UHF: it stands for Ultra High Frequency.

UTC: it stands for Universal Time Coordinated. It consists of the primary time
standard by wich the world regulates clocks and time. In some countries, the
term Greenwich mean time is used like a reference for stablishment of the
hours.

ULCC: it stands for Ultra large crude Carrier.

VDR: it stands for Voyage Data Recorder.

VHF: it stands for very High Frequency.

VLCC: it stands for Very large crude carrier.

VTC: it stands for Vessel Traffic centre

WWNWS: it stands for Worlwide Navigational warning System

It was the confusion of tongues that doomed the construction of the Tower of Babel
to failure. Too many people spoke in too many languages – and they could no
longer understand each other. The world of shipping also involves seamen with
almost as many different mother tongues as there are different countries on this
earth. It was therefore necessary for the seamen to agree on how to communicate
with each other. Over the last approx. 200 years, English has established itself as
the lingua franca at sea.
 At the beginning of the 1990s, an increase in the frequency of accidents that are
ascribed to faulty communications induced the IMO to set up a workgroup to
develop a standardized safety language for shipping. This workgroup was headed
by Trenkner. From 1997 to 2000 some 3,000 phrases were tried out world-wide,
further simplified and finally reduced to 1,700. In 2001, the SMCP – Standard
Marine Communication Phrases – were finally published by the IMO and these
were also made binding. Previously standard sentences in English had been
prescribed in the training guidelines STCW.

All fields of activity in daily maritime routine and above all in emergency
situations are covered by the SMCP. Whether it is a question of spelling, of the
cargo or of on-board communications through to emergencies: Uniform schemes
for questions and answers or instructions – for both internal and external
communications – are standardized throughout. A comprehensive glossary is also
provided. The language of the SMCP is frequently very simple.

Fue la confusión de lenguas lo que condenó al fracaso la construcción de la Torre

de Babel. Demasiadas personas hablaban en demasiados idiomas y ya no podían
entenderse. El mundo del transporte marítimo también involucra a marineros con
casi tantas lenguas maternas diferentes como países hay en esta tierra. Por tanto,
era necesario que los marineros se pusieran de acuerdo sobre cómo comunicarse
entre sí. Durante los últimos aprox. 200 años, el inglés se ha consolidado como la
lengua franca en el mar.

A principios de la década de 1990, un aumento en la frecuencia de accidentes

que se atribuyen a comunicaciones defectuosas indujo a la OMI a establecer un
grupo de trabajo para desarrollar un lenguaje de seguridad estandarizado para el
transporte marítimo. Este grupo de trabajo estuvo encabezado por Trenkner. De
1997 a 2000 se probaron unas 3.000 frases en todo el mundo, se simplificaron aún
más y finalmente se redujeron a 1.700. En 2001, la OMI publicó finalmente las
SMCP (Frases estándar de comunicación marítima), que también se hicieron
vinculantes. Anteriormente, en las directrices de formación STCW se habían
prescrito oraciones estándar en inglés.

Todos los campos de actividad en la rutina marítima diaria y sobre todo en

situaciones de emergencia están cubiertos por el SMCP. Ya sea una cuestión de
ortografía, de la carga o de las comunicaciones a bordo hasta las emergencias: los
esquemas uniformes para preguntas y respuestas o instrucciones, tanto para
comunicaciones internas como externas, están estandarizados en todo momento.
También se proporciona un glosario completo. El lenguaje del SMCP suele ser
muy sencillo.