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Unit 13 Computer Maintenance and Troubleshooting: Structure
Unit 13 Computer Maintenance and Troubleshooting: Structure
13.1 INTRODUCTION
Computer maintenance refers to the physical processes of upkeep of the peripherals.
Maintenance activities like regular brushing, dusting, vacuum cleaning etc. are the important
and mostly ignored preventive measures.
NOTE
Regular maintenance generally takes care of most of the problems especially those of
Debugging is finding and data loss or corruption. So it should be given due importance.
removing errors (bugs) from
a program. Troubleshooting is isolating the source of a problem and fixing it. In the case of computer
systems, the term troubleshoot is usually used when the problem is suspected to be
hardware related. If the problem is known to be in software, the term debug is more
commonly used. Although troubleshooting covers both hardware and software.
Hardware troubleshooting includes removing the problems when the hardware devices
as mouse, monitor, printer, modem etc. malfunction.
Software troubleshooting includes removing problems encountered while working with
Operating System. It also includes the most threatened problem these days, viruses.
Objectives
After going through this unit, you will be able to:
l discuss the various system tools for computer maintenance, and
l enlist troubleshooting tips for software and hardware.
Windows Update
Disk
Defragmenter tool
ss
Hard disk is divided into
sectors (divided on basis of
size) onto which the data is
stored. Operating System
stores the data on the first
free sector available. But if
the file is larger than the sec-
tor size, then Operating
System finds another free
sector and stores the data.
It does this until the whole
Figure 13.2 : Disk Defragmenting file is stored. All these sec-
tors are then logically linked
Disk Cleanup with each other.
The hard disk contains many files that are unnecessary after a certain amount of time, but
they still reside on the disk. These need to be removed manually or an automatic Disk
Cleanup program can be scheduled as shown in the Figure 13.3. 235
Understanding Disk Cleanup will delete all of your unused and unwanted files. It will also delete your
Computer Applications garbage and old Internet files. It should be performed weekly.
NOTE
Disk Cleanup system tool de-
letes all the unused and un-
wanted files on the hard disk,
to free the disk space.
System files
Preventing problems
Protect the computer against power surges and failures, which can damage files
when they are being written to the hard disk.
There are some of the rules that everyone should abide by while using computer
and any other related device or technology.
l Should not use computer to harm any person; interfere with his work and use
other person’s computer resources without proper authorization or compen-
sation.
l Should not design or write a system or program without thinking about its
social consequences.
l Should always use computer in ways that insure consideration and respect
for fellow humans.
l Should not use computer to steal.
NOTE
Problem with Monitors can
be due to:
Uneven Electrical Currents
Interference from speakers, Figure 13.6 : Monitor
fans, and telephones
Bad connection through ca- A typical monitor is illustrated in Figure 13.6. Most of the time the problems are with the
bling cabling, or interference from other devices.
Cable over length
Uneven Electrical Currents: Electrical currents can cause some real strange
problems as with the rest of the computer. If you suspect that your power supply or
surge protector is causing the problems simply plug the monitor into the wall separately.
Another way to remedy this is to purchase a (UPS). Uninterruptible Power Supply, this
will take up the slack in the line. The UPS can also help out in those power outage times.
Interference from speakers, fans, and telephones: Interference can be usually
due to fans, speakers, or anything that produces electromagnetic fields. This can show
NOTE up in really cheap multimedia speakers on your system. They should be shielded.
UPS or Uninterrupted
The source of the interference is fairly easy to recognize simply because it will warp the
Power Supply keeps a com-
puter running for several screen a little more in one direction than the rest. This means you will need to take
minutes after a power out- something further away from the desktop to cure it.
age, enabling you to save
data that is in RAM and Bad connection through cabling: Cabling, the cable itself for the monitor can be bad.
shut down the computer Not only can these cables have electromagnetic interference like the rest of the monitor
gracefully. but will also distort your signal if interfered with. This is unlikely in most cases since the
cable is shielded itself but can happen.
Cabling over length: Length, the cable length can cause you a problem should it be to
long. Most cable for a monitor are under 5' long and should stay at that. The longer the
cable, the weaker the signal. If you do have a cable extender make sure it is shielded.
Troubleshooting Printers
We can separate the troubleshooting of Dot-Matrix Printers as shown in Figure 13.7
240 and that of the Inkjet or Laser Printers as illustrated in Figure 13.8.
Troubleshooting Dot-Matrix Printers Computer Maintenance
And Troubleshooting
Figure 13.8 :
Inkjet Printer Figure 13.9 :
Laser Printer
In place of straight lines, weird Printer is configured for the Set ‘Graphic Able’ to NO or
letter comes wrong ‘symbol set’. Configure printer to use the NOTE
PC-8 symbol-set.
Inkjet printer sprays ink at
Message shown is ‘Please The cable between your PC and Verify the cable is properly a sheet of paper. They
turn Printer back On-Line’ the printer has become loose or connected at both ends. produce high-quality text
message, but printer’s On-Line disconnected. and graphics.
indicator is on.
I have to press the [Print Laser printers (and some ink- Push the [Form Feed] button
Screen] button 3 or 4 times jets) are designed to compose on your printer’s control
before the printer does and print an entire page at a panel after pressing [Print NOTE
anything, and when the page time, so they wait until they Screen] once. Laser printer uses the same
comes out, the screen-shot have a page full of data to print technology as copy
appears 2 or 3 times on one (or receive a page-eject machines. They produce
page. command). very high quality text and
graphics.
Troubleshooting Modem
Keyboard is a set of typewriter-like keys that enables you to enter data into a computer.
Computer keyboards are similar to electric-typewriter keyboards as depicted in the
Figure 13.13 but contain additional keys. The keys on computer keyboards are often
classified as follows:
Alphanumeric keys — letters and numbers
Punctuation keys — comma, period, semicolon, and so on.
Special keys — function keys, control keys, arrow keys, Caps Lock key, and so on.
Troubleshooting keyboards is not difficult, but in most of the cases if the problem persists,
then its better to replace it.
If you spilt a liquid on the keyboard, you have to remove one key at a time and clean
underneath them.
Another common problem is, keyboard isn’t sending a signal to the computer. Check
connection first. If this seems to be okay then your keyboard may be faulty itself.
If your keyboard is a constant problem, simply replace it.
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