1. What type of modification can you find?

Explain the changes

1 clip board, soap box, sweet talk, Loss of Plosion. When a
sidetrack slipcase, topcoat, plosive is followed by another
plosive.
grasped, crept, stopped

2 Kitten, certain, garden, sudden, Nasal Plosion. When plosive

pardon, is followed by a nasal
sonorant.
Opening, lightning, sickening,
gardening, shortening, good night

3 Clothes, glimpse, plain, claim, Lateral Plosion. When a

blame plosive is followed by the
lateral sonorant.
plunge
4 the seventh, the ninth, the tenth, Incomplete assimilation
the eighth, the hundredth affecting the place articulation.
Dental variants of the alveolar
consonants followed by the
interdental /θ/ and /ð/.
5 Privacy, principle, primitive, true, Incomplete assimilation
dry affecting the place articulation.
Consonant clusters with the
sonorant /r/: tr, dr, pr, fr, gr,
br, θr.
6 American president In fast speech, the sound at the
→ Americam end of the first word is
changed by the sound at the
president, target
beginning of the second word.
country → targek
country
7 about /əˈbaʊt/ ahead /əˈhed/ Qualitative hard reduction
again /əˈgen/ ballad /ˈbæləd/ resulting in "schwa" /ə/ Two
customer /ˈkʌstəmə/ syllable words with weak first
syllable and stress on the
second syllable.
Two-syllable words with weak
second syllable and stress on
 the first syllable
8 excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/, exist /ɪgˈzɪst/, inane Positional variation of
/ɪˈneɪn/, device /dɪˈvaɪs/ qualitative weak reduction
resulting in vowels /ɪ/ or /i/
9 Library, factory, secretary Zero reduction
1 |Far away, his hair is dark, Linking ‘r’
0 A year  is 12 months long.

2. Spot the times when the sounds /t/ or /d/ may disappear. How do
we call such type of modification?

1. My landlady bought a new handbag the other day.

2. The first girl earned twenty pounds.
3. The second boy waited for half an hour.
4. I don't know when they finished work yesterday.
5. I don't like fast food as a rule.
6. It was a perfect afternoon, perfectly marvellous.
7. Raise both your hands slowly into the air.
8. I watch TV most evenings; in fact I watched for five hours last
night.
3. Answer the questions
- Is there any difference in articulation of a speech sound in
isolation and in connected speech?
- What is assimilation? What types of assimilation do you know?
- What is reduction?
- What is elision?
- What is insertion of sounds?