Introduction

to
Energy Science

Rakesh Sohal
Postdoc & PhD (BTU Germany), MSc MTech (IIT Kharagpur)

Rustamji Institute of Technology

(An Institute of National Significance)
BSF Academy – Tekanpur, Gwalior
 Lecture 1
Introduction
to
Energy Systems & Resources

Rakesh Sohal
Postdoc & PhD (BTU Germany), MSc MTech (IIT Kharagpur)

Rustamji Institute of Technology

(An Institute of National Significance)
BSF Academy – Tekanpur, Gwalior
 What is energy?
• Energy= Capacity to do work or bring any change
• Work = Force X Distance

Chemical Energy Solar Energy Mechanical Energy Nuclear Energy Electrical Energy

• It must follow the first law of thermodynamics:

• Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can be
only transformed from one state to another
Primary sources of energy today
Renewable, 5%
Hydroelectric, 7%
Oil, 33%

Nuclear energy, 4%

Burning these three have

consequences in
•Environment
Coal, 27% •Food production
Natural Gas, 24%
Relation between energy and power
Oil is stored energy Electricity is power

Delivered by transmission for immediate use

Stored energy for use any time

 How important is energy?
All forms of life and society require energy
examples:
• Plants use sun for energy
• Animals consume food for energy

• Many objects around us work on

electrical energy, heat energy, etc
• Improves the quality of our life
• Supports economy
• Generate employment
Types of energy resources
 Energy transformations

8
Energy transformations
Energy conversion efficiency
Advances in energy storage: Overview
• Storage and Renewables
• Emerging Applications
• New Storage Technologies
• Batteries
• Superconducting Magnetic
• Flywheels
• Super Capacitors

11
 Storage and Renewables
• Acts to Stabilize Power Variations
• For grid-tied applications, Can Provide
Transmission Congestion Relief
• At the Generation Site
• At the Distribution Point
• Allows Dispatch of Renewable Power
• Off grid applications
• On grid applications

12
 New Technology Batteries
• Nickel Cadmium • Lithium Ion
• Energy and Power Applications • Power Applications

• Lithium Ion Polymer • Lithium Metal Polymer

• Energy Applications • Energy Applications

13
 Non-Battery Electricity Storage
• Super Capacitors •Superconducting Magnetic • Flywheel Energy Storage (FES)
• Power Applications • Power Applications
Energy Storage (SMES)
- Power Applications

14
Pumped hydro-storage