SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED DISORDERS

 Emphasis on the distressing (positive) somatic symptoms plus abnormal thoughts,

feelings and behaviors in response to them
 Commonly encountered in primary care and other medical settings than mental
health settings
 Highly comorbid with depression and anxiety disorders and medical disorders
 Somatic Symptom Disorder – multiple, current, somatic symptoms (e.g. cognitive:
attention, worry and fear; behavioral: repeated check-up) that cause clinically
significant distress or impairment and may or may not be medically explained
 Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondriasis) – enduring preoccupation of having
or acquiring serious illness and extensive worries about one’s health (illness
becomes part of identity) but no or minimal somatic symptoms
 Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) –
neurological symptoms (loss of function) are found but incompatible with
neurological pathophysiology 
 Factitious Disorder – falsification and  presentation of symptoms, injury or disease
to others, assuming a “sick role” and in the absence of obvious external rewards
 Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions – one or more
clinically significant psychological or behavioral factors that adversely affects
medical condition by increasing risk for suffering, death or disability
 Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder - somatic-like
symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet
full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (e.g. brief somatic symptom disorder,
brief illness anxiety disorder, pseudocyesis)
 Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder - somatic -like symptoms
that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria
and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason and there is insufficient
information to make more specific diagnosis (e.g. emergency room settings)

TRAUMA- AND STRESSOR-RELATED DISORDERS

 Psychological distress following exposure to a traumatic or stressful event is a
required criteria
 Most prominent characteristics are anhedonic and dysphoric symptoms, aggressive
symptoms or dissociative symptoms
 Generally more common in females
 Conditions associated with social neglect (inadequate care during childhood):
cognitive delays, language delays, developmental delays, stereotypies, reactive
attachment, disinhibited social engagement, malnutrition or poor care
 Reactive Attachment Disorder – expressed with depressive symptoms and
withdrawn behavior and compromised emotional regulation capacity which are
caused by serious social neglect 
 Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder – marked by culturally inappropriate,
overly familiar behavior with relative strangers which is caused by serious social
neglect
 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder – development of varying characteristics
symptoms (e.g. fear-based emotional and behavioral,  anhedonic or dysphoric mood
 and negative cognitions, arousal and reactive-externalizing) following exposure to
one or more traumatic events
 Acute Stress Disorder – PTSD symptoms lasting from 3 days to 1 month following
exposure to the traumatic event/s
 Adjustment Disorders – presence of emotional or behavioral symptoms in
response to an identifiable stressor; may be single/multiple, recurrent/continuous
 Other Specified Trauma- and Stressor Related Disorder – trauma- and stressor-
like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but do not
meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason (ex. Persistent complex
bereavement disorder, adjustment-like disorders with delayed onset of symptoms
that occur more than 3 months after the stressor, ataque de nervios)
 UnspecifiedTrauma- and Stressor Related Disorder – trauma- and stressor-like
symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but do not meet
full criteria and clinician chooses not to specify the reason and there is insufficient
information to make more specific diagnosis (e.g. emergency room settings)

DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
 Disruption and/or discontinuity in normal integration of consciousness, memory,
identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control and behavior
 Positive dissociated symptoms: fragmentation of identity, depersonalization and
derealization; Negative dissociated symptoms: amnesia
 Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder – persistent depersonalization
(unreality or detachment from oneself) and/or derealization (unreality or
detachment from one’s surroundings) accompanied by intact reality testing
 Dissociative Amnesia – inability to recall autobiographical information which may
be generalized (identity and life history), localized (event or period of time) or
selective (specific aspect of event) and may or may not involve dissociative fugue
(purposeful travel or wandering)
 Dissociative Identity Disorder – presence of two or more distinct personality
states (or experience of possession) and recurrent episodes of amnesia
 Other Specified Dissociative Disorder - dissociative-like symptoms that cause
clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and
clinician specifies the reason (e.g. dissociative trance, acute dissociative reactions to
stressful events)
 Unspecified Dissociative Disorder - dissociative-like symptoms that cause
clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and
clinician does not choose to communicate the reason and there is insufficient
information to make more specific diagnosis (e.g. emergency room settings)