11/11/21

• Information about the tests

• Review
Review Week Agenda
–
–
Some
W1L2
basics
- Proportion
11th grade Maths – W2L1 & W2L2 - Index Laws
Week 10 – Lesson 1 & Lesson 2 – W3L1 & W4L1 - Quadratic Inequalities
– W3L2 & W4L2 - Algebraic Proofs
– W5L1 & W5L2 - Sequences and arithmetic series
– W6L1 & W6L2 - Circle Theorems

• LMS Mock-Up test during L2

2

1 2

Preparation for W11 tests

Week 10 of the school year– 8 Week 11 of the school year– 15 to

to 12th of November 19th of November
Information about • L1 & L2: Review during the two- • L1: 40 min Quizz
coming lesson. Please note we will
the tests have a 10 min Mock-up Quizz on
Moodle at the end of L2.
• Up to W6L2
• ± 30 questions
• Calculators' mandatory
• All slides are extracted from • Vocabulary Questions
previous lessons (theory and
relevant practice for the tests) • L2: Speaking Test - Teacher
Assessment to evaluate your Math
• You will get all those slides in the and Team Management skills
students PDF • Nothing to prepare

3 4

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Area of a triangle

Review
Volume of a cuboid

5 6

Metric Conversions - Capacity Significant Figures: Decimal Places:

x 1000
• Rule #1: Non-zero digits are always significant. • Decimal Places are simply digits
that come after the decimal point.
• 1m3 = 1000l l • Rule #2: Any zeros between two significant digits are
m3 significant. These numbers show the value of what was • If there are zero decimal places OR
• 1cm3 = 1ml recorded regardless of size. all decimal places are zero, then the
number is an integer.
÷ • Rule #3: Leading or Trailing zeroes are not significant
1000
Examples:
significant figures significant zeroes decimal places

• Convert 3700l to m3 3700 ÷ 1000 = 3.7m3 203.4 4 s.f. 1 s.z. 1 d.p

0.03 1 s.f. 0 s.z. 2 d.p
• Convert 1.73cm3 to l 1.73cm3 = 1.73ml 400.20300 6 s.f. 3 s.z. 5 d.p
1.73 ÷ 10 = 0.173cl 100400 4 s.f. 2 s.z. Integer 0 d.p
7 8
0.173 ÷ 100 =0.00173l

7 8

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W1L2 - Proportion
• Proportionality – the relationship between two ratios.

• Directly Proportional - if one quantity goes up by a certain percentage, the other quantity goes
up by the same percentage as well.

W1L2 - Proportion • Inversely Proportional - occurs when one value increases and the other decreases.

• Coefficient of Proportionality (k - constant) – Proportionality is a relationship, not an equality,

the constant makes it an equality.

! 𝟐
• Ratios – the relationship between two things put into a fraction form = : Each fraction is a ratio.
" 𝟑
The relationship between the two fractions is a proportion.

10

9 10

Direct Proportion Directly Proportional Graphs

When 2 quantities are in direct proportion (y = kx), the
Direct Proportion graph of the relationship will always:

yαx 1. Be a straight (linear) line

2. Goes through the origin

General Equation: y = kx
Direct Proportion: If one value increases,
so does the other. 11 12

11 12

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Inversely proportional
Inverse Proportion Examples
Directly proportional
relationships take the form:
relationships take the form:

General Equation: y = k/x y = kx y = k/x

Are these relationships more likely to describe a relationship that is inversely or directly proportional?

y α 1/x
1. The hours you work….your pay.
Direct
ü Inverse
û Pay = hourly wage x hours worked

2. How fast you drive…. your travel time.

Direct
û Inverse
ü time = distance / speed

3. The length of a side of a square….its perimeter.

13
Direct
ü Inverse
û P = 4s 14

13 14

Worded Exam Problems Worded Exam Problems

In a spring, the tension (T newtons) is directly proportional to its extension (x cm).When the tension is
The time, T seconds, it takes a water heater to boil a constant mass of water is inversely
150 newtons, the extension is 6 cm.
proportional to the power, P watts, of the water heater. When P = 1400, T = 360.
k (a) Find a formula for T in terms of x. T = kx
a) Find the value of T when P = 900 t=
P 150 N = k 6 cm
k 150 N T = 25 Ncm -1 x
360s = k=
6 cm
= 25 Ncm -1
1400W
(b) Calculate the tension, in newtons, when the extension is 15 cm.
k = 1400W ´ 360s = 504000Ws
T = 25 Ncm-1 (15cm) = 375N
504000Ws
t= (c) Calculate the extension, in cm, when the tension is 600 newtons.
P
600 N = 25 Ncm -1 x
504000Ws
t= = 560s 15 x=
600 Ncm
= 24cm 16
900W 25 N

15 16

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Worded Exam Problems

The shutter speed, S, of a camera varies inversely as the square of the aperture setting, f.
When f = 8, S = 125
k
(a)Find a formula for S in terms of f. s=
𝑘
f2 W2L1 & W2L2
125 = 8000
8! 𝑠= !
𝑓 – Index Laws
𝑘 = 125×64

= 8000
(b)Hence, or otherwise, calculate the value of S when f = 4.

8000
𝑠= = 500
(4)! 17

17 18

W2L1 & W2L2 – Index Laws Laws and Practice

• Index (indices) – show how many times a number or letter is multiplied by itself.

• Law of Indices – are used to simplify expressions involving indices.

• Fractional Index – is where the index is a fraction. 2% & = 𝟐𝒙𝒚

? 𝟏 𝟏
2"1 = =
?
𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟐
2% ×2& = 𝟐𝒙)𝒚
?
"#
1 𝟑
9* = =?𝟑
= 𝟗𝟕? 3 𝟏
9
"!
2 𝟑 𝟐 𝟗
4,×4 𝟒𝟓 = ?=
19 = =?𝟒"𝟏 3 𝟐 𝟒 20
4! - 𝟒𝟔
19 20

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Practice – Solve for x Practice – Extra

1 [June 2012 Paper 1] Simplify 2𝑐𝑑! % = 𝟖𝒄𝟑?𝒅𝟏𝟐

1 2 𝑎𝑏 ' %
= 𝒂 𝒃?
𝟑 𝟔
)
3 9𝑎' ' = 𝟑𝒂?
) 𝟑
4 16𝑎! 𝑏% ' = 𝟒𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 ?
) 𝟒
2 5 27𝑎* 𝑏! % = 𝟑𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟑 ?
'
6 8𝑎" 𝑏)' % = 𝟒𝒂𝟒 𝒃𝟖
%
?
7 16𝑎" 𝑏)' ' = 𝟔𝟒𝒂𝟗 𝒃𝟏𝟖 ?
.
3 8 If 𝑥 / = 9, find 𝑥. 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟕?
0
9 Solve 𝑦/ = 16 ?
𝒚/ = 𝟖
1' '2
10 [June 2012 Paper 1] 𝑥 = 8 and 𝑦 = ! .
.
3 𝟐
Work out the value of 4 𝒙 ÷ 𝒚 = 𝟒?÷ 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎
.
4 1 )
11 [June 2013 Paper 1] Solve 𝑥 / = 7 * writing your answer as a proper fraction.
𝟐𝟕
?
𝟓𝟏𝟐
21
12 ? ? 22

21 22

W3L1 & W4L1 – Quadratics

• Quadratic Inequalities - represents a region of the Cartesian

W3L1 & W4L1 - plane with a parabola as the boundary.

• Parabola - a curve having every point an equal distance from a
Quadratic Inequalities
fixed point. We can describe it as a bowl-shaped graph (U or ∩).

• Range - is the set of all y values, the dependent quantity, that will
result from substituting all x values (the domain) into the function.
• Domain – Generally speaking, all x- values.
• Roots – where the line(s) cross the x-axis. Where y = 0.

24

23 24

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Starter Exercises – Book Practice P122 Ex7* Q6

Solve the following simultaneous (linear) equations. 9 A swimming pool is the shape of a rectangle 10m by 8m with two semicircular ends. The
paved area around the pool is of constant width. The paved area is double the area of the
pool. What is the reasoning to find the width of the paved area around the pool?

Paved Area = 2 x Area of Pool

Area of all = Paved Area + Area of Pool w 4 4 w

Method 1: Elimination Method 2: Substitution Area of all = 3 x Area of Pool

w
FYI but no Not necessary for the test:
Let’s introduce w, and let’s represent properly the situation
Area of all = (10)*(8+2w) + π(𝑤 + 4)! = π𝑤 !+ w(20+ 8π)+ 80+16π
Something you need to remember from that example: don’t trust
Area of Pool = 10*8 + π ∗ 4! = 80+16 π
diagrams, they might not be accurate!
Þ π𝑤 !+ w(20+ 8π)+80+16π = 3 x(80+16 π)
25
!
Þ => π𝑤 +(20+8π)+ (-160- 32π) =0 => w=4.42m
26

25 26

Q1. Solve: 2 x 2 > 50

Quadratic Inequalities Instead of solving for x directly, let’s factorise!
Þ x 2 > 25
Þ x 2 - 25 > 0
Þ ( x + 5)( x - 5) > 0
Our solution set will be one of these: ( x + 5)( x - 5) = 0
x = ±5

Let’s say y = (x+5)(x-5) 1.( -5 < x < 5)

There are two options for y= (x+5)(x-5)>0: 2.( x < -5) È ( x > 5)
+
x -∞ -5 5 +∞
x+5 - 0 + +
x-5 - - 0 +
y=(x+5)(x-5) + 0 - 0 +

27
It appears: ( x < -5) È ( x > 5) 28

27 28

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Q1. Solve: 2 x 2 > 50 - Graph: Q2. Solve:(2 x - 1)( x + 1) < 0

If this was an equality problem, we would conclude:
( x + 5)( x - 5) > y (2 x - 1)( x + 1) = 0
1
x = ,-1
2
Dotted Dotted 1
line line In this case we have two possible solutions: 1.( -1 < x < )
2
1
2.( x < -1) È ( x > )
2
To solve set (2 x - 1)(x + 1) = y +1/
And find when y < 0

x -∞ -1 1/2 +∞
x+1 - 0 + +

y>0 2x-1 - - 0 +
y>0 y=(x+1)(2x-1) + 0 - 0 +

1
29 It appears: -1 < x < 30
2
29 30

Q2 Graph:
Sum-up
(2 x - 1)( x + 1) < 0

( x + a)( x + b) > 0 ( x + a)( x + b) < 0

( x + a)( x + b) > y ( x + a)( x + b) < y

(2 x - 1)(x + 1) < y y<0 31 y>0 y<0 32

31 32

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Match

Cubic Number 2n

W2L2 & W4L1 & Even Number 3n

W4L2 – Algebraic
Odd Number mn
Proofs
Square Number n2

Multiple of 3 n3

Multiple of m 2n + 1
35

33 35

Match Describe
Consecutive
Random Odd Numbers …, 2n-2, 2n, 2n+2, 2n+4, … …, 3n-3, 3n, 3n+3, 3n+6, …
Multiples of 3

…, 2a+1, 2b+1, 2c+1, 2d+1, … Random

Random Even Numbers …, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, …
Multiples of 3

Random Even
Random Square Numbers …, a 2, b 2, c2, d 2, … …,(2a) 2, (2b) 2, (2c) 2, (2d) 2, …
Square Numbers

Consecutive Odd
Consecutive Odd Numbers …, (n-1) 2, n 2, (n+1) 2, (n+2) 2, … …,(2n-3) 2, (2n-1) 2 , (2n+1) 2, (2n+3) 2, …
Square Numbers

Consecutive Even Numbers …, 2n-3, 2n-1, 2n+1, 2n+3, … Random

…,(7a) 3, (7b) 3, (7c) 3, (7d) 3, …
Cubic Multiples of 7

Consecutive Square Numbers …, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, … Consecutive

…, mn-m, mn, mn+m, mn+2m, …
36 Multiples of m 37

36 37

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Proof: product of odd numbers Proof: product of odd numbers

Prove that the product of any two odd numbers is odd
Prove that the product of any two odd numbers is odd

odd number × odd number = odd number

odd number × odd number = odd number

(2n + 1) × (2k + 1)
=
4kn + 2n + 2k + 1 = 2(2kn + n + k) + 1

If n and k are whole numbers then (2nk+n+k) is a whole

number and so we have the form of an odd number

38 39

38 39

Proof: product of odd numbers Proof: difference of odd numbers

Prove that the difference between any two odd numbers is even. Prove that the difference between any two odd numbers is even.

odd number − odd number = even number odd number − odd number = even number

(2n + 1) − (2k + 1)
=
2n + 1 − 2k − 1 = 2(n − k)
If n and k are whole numbers then
(n−k) is a whole number and so 2(n−k) takes the form
of an even number

40 41

40 41

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Proof: odds and evens numbers Proof: level 1

An even number squared plus an odd number squared is also a odd Q1 Prove algebraically that the sum of two consecutive odd numbers is divisible by 4.

(2n - 1) + (2n + 1) = 4n
2 2
even number + odd number = odd number
Q2
[GCSE] I think of two consecutive integers. Prove that the difference of the
squares of these integers is equal to the sum of the two integers.

(n + 1) 2 - n 2 = n 2 + 2n + 1 - n 2 = (n + 1) + n
use a different variable to n

2 2
(2n) + (2k + 1) =
Q3 [JMO] Find a rule which predicts exactly when five consecutive integers have sum
4n2 + 4k2 + 4k + 1 = 2(2n2 + 2k2 + 2k) + 1 divisible by 15.

If n and k are whole numbers then (2n 2+2k2+2k) is a whole Let’s write those 5 consecutives integers: n, n+1, n+2, n+3, n+4
number and so we have the form of an odd number Then, let’s sum them: n+ (n+1) + (n+2) + (n+3) + (n+4) = 5n + 10

We want 5n+10 to be divisible by 15, so it means 5n+10 is a multiple of 15

-> 5n+10 = 15k (k integer)

42 )271)8 43
-> n= 2 = 3𝑘 − 2 The rule works if n respects n = 3k-2

42 43

Practice - Exercises pg. 288 Exercise 6* Q3 More proof

1
2 x 2 + 129 > 32 x Û 2 x 2 - 32 x + 129 > 0 Another way to see it:
2*odd= even and 2*even=even
even + 1 = odd
=> 2n + 1 is odd for all integers n

2
( x - 8) 2 is a square number

44 45

44 45

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Proof: digits proofs Proof: digits proofs

Q1 I think of a 3-digit number and then reverse its digits. Prove that the difference between these
two numbers is a multiple of 11.
“I think of a two-digit number. I then reverse the digits. ”
Prove that the difference between the two numbers is a multiple of 9 We get abc = ?
100a + 10b + c
We get cba = ?
100 c + 10b + a.

e.g. 71 – 17 = 54 abc - cba = (100a + 10b + c) – (200?c + 10b + a) = 99a - 99c = 11(9a-9c)

Q2 Prove that there are no three-digit numbers which are equal to the product of their digits plus
the sum of their digits.

Let’s introduce the three-digit number abc ?

Which is a multiple of 9
(Note how factoring out the 9 is a good explicit way to show the expression is a multiple of 9)
46
=> (1): abc = 100a + 10b + c ?
? plus the sum of its digits.
Now, we want to calculate the product of its digits
Þ (2): abc + a + b + c ?
Þ (1) = (2) ?
Þ 100a + 10b + c = abc + a + b + c ?
Þ 99a + 9b = abc ? 47
? > abc nd hence 99a + 9b > abc + 9b > abc
But since bc is at most 81, 99 > bc and thus 99a

46 47

W5L1 & W5L2 – Sequences & Arithmetic Series

• Sequence – A set of numbers that follows a definite pattern.
W5L1 & W5L2 – • Term – Each number in a sequence.

Sequences & • Consecutive Terms – Terms that are next to each other.

• Common Difference (d) – is when the difference between each pair of consecutive terms are
Arithmetic Series the same.

• Arithmetic Sequence – is a sequence where the difference between consecutive terms are the

same.

49

48 49

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Arithmetic Sequence Arithmetic Sequence - Reminder

An Arithmetic Sequence is a sequence where the difference d between
consecutive terms are the same. 34, 27, 20, 13, 6…
All have the form: xn = dn + x0 where: Examples: First term (x1):
Sequence Formulae
34
• d is the constant difference
4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 xn= 2n + 2 Common Difference (d): -7
• x0 is the term that would come before the first 32, 28, 24, 20, 16, 12 xn= -4n + 36
term – called zero term 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 xn= 4n Zero term (x0): 41
th
n term (xn): -7n + 41
Question: what is the link in between x0, x1 and d?
11th term (x11): -7(11) + 41 = 41 - 77 = -36
Substitute n=1 in xn = dn + x0
120th term (x120): -7(120) + 41 = -799
= > x1 = d + x0
=> d = x1 - x0 or x0 = x1 - d = > We can also write: xn = dn + (x1 – d) = x1 + (n-1)d
50 Which term has a value of -309? -309 = -7(n) + 41 => n=50 51

50 51

Practice Ex5 Q11 & Q12 P55

Arithmetic Sequence
An Arithmetic Sequence is a sequence where the difference between
consecutive terms are the same.
Formula for an Arithmetic Sequence xn = x0 + nd or xn = x1 + (n-1)d
x1=10, d=5 => xn=10+5(n-1) = 5n + 5
Key points
xn=60 => 5n +5 =60 => n=11
You will be jogging for an hour a day after 11 weeks • Common Difference (d)
• First term (x1) or Zero term (x0)
• nth term: • xn = x0 + nd
Formula for an Arithmetic Sequence xn = x0 + nd or xn = x1 + (n-1)d
In 6 years, There are 52*6 =312 weeks (we consider 365 days per year J)
• xn = x1 + (n-1)d since x1 = x0 + d
x1=5, x0=4.9, d=0.10 = > xn = 0.10n+4.9
52 54
=> x312= 0.10*312+4.9 = $36.1

52 54

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The sum of a finite arithmetic sequence with n terms is given

𝑛
by S n = n [x1 + xn ] or 𝑆A =
2
2(𝑥B) + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
2
The sum of all the terms of an arithmetic sequence is
called an arithmetic series. 5 + 10 + 15 + 20 + 25 + 30 + 35 + 40 + 45 + 50 = ?

n = 10
First way: S10 = 10 (5 + 50) = 5(55) = 275
The sum of a finite arithmetic sequence with n terms is 2
𝑛
given by S n = n [x1 + xn ] or 𝑆A = 2 2(𝑥B) + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
2 10
Second way: d = 5 𝑆BC = 2(5) + (9)5 = 5(55) = 275
2
x1 = 5
55 56

55 56

1. Find the sum of the first 11 terms using S n = n [x1 + xn ] or 𝑆: =

𝑛
2(𝑥) ) + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
5. Find the sum of all ODD numbers between 50 and 150.
2 2 x n = 2n + 49 50
𝑆28 = 2(51) + (49)(2) = 5000
For a).,b)., c). And d). 149 = 2n + 49 => n = 50 2

6. The first term of an arithmetic sequence is 3000 and the tenth term is 1200.
)) Reminder (a) Find the sum of the first 20 terms of the sequence.
a). xn = 24-3n S11 = '
24 − 3 + 24 − 3 ∗ 11
1200 - 3000 - 1800 20
S11 =
))
'
21 − 9 =
))∗)'
'
= 66 xn = x1 + (n-1)d d= = = -200 S 20 = [2(3000) + (19)(-200)] = 22000
10 - 1 9 2
11 xn = dn + x0
b). xn = 10 + (n-1)12 S11 = [10 + 130] = 770 (b) After how many terms does the sum of the sequence become negative?
2
n At 31 we would have 0,
0= [2(3000) + (n - 1)(-200)] n=0 or n=31
so 32 terms would be needed
2
c). 4, 7, 10, 13, 16,... d = 3 and x1 = 4 11
S11 = é 2 ´ 4 + 10 ( 3) ùû = 209 7. Paul’s starting salary in a company is £14000 (because he did Maths!) and during the time he stays
=> xn = 4 + (n-1)*3 = 1 + 3n 2ë with the company it increases by £500 per year.
(a) What is his salary in the sixth year? x 6 = 500(6) + 13500 = 16500
11
d). 144, 132, 120, 108... d = -12 and x1 = 144 S11 = é 2 ´ 144 + 10 ( -12 ) ùû = 924
=> xn = 156 -12n 2ë (b) How many years has Paul been working for the company when his total earnings for all his
years are £126,000?
14000n + 250n(n-1) = 126000
57 𝑛 => 250n 2 + 13750n - 126000 = 0 58
126,000 = 2(14000) + (𝑛 − 1)(500)
2 => n=8

57 58

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Practice - Harder - Ex6* Q12 P59 Practice - Harder - Ex6* Q12 P59

n
Sn = [2( x1 ) + (n - 1)d ]
2

a) First row 22 seats We have an arithmetic sequence whose first term is 22, and d=2 b) First row 22 seats • 𝑆)1)8 =
)8
[2 ∗ 22 + (10 − 1) ∗ 2] = 310 seats at $40
Second row 24 seats => Xn = 2n + 20 Second row 24 seats '
Third row 26 seats So x25 = 2*25+20 = 70 Third row 26 seats ;
…. …. …. …. …. …. • 𝑆))1); = ' 2 ∗ 𝑥11 + 8 − 1 ∗ 2 and x11 = x1+(11-1)*2=22+20=42
Last raw/25th raw ? Last row/25th row ? so 𝑆))1); = 4*(98)= 392 seats at $30
25
n
Sn = [x1 + xn ] ⇒ 𝑆'2 =
2
22 + 70) • And 𝑆)*1'2 = 1150 – 310 - 392= 448 seats at $20
2 '2
⇒ 𝑆'2 = ∗ 92 = 1150 Let’s find how many seats at:
' • $40 (10 rows from x1 to x10)
• $30 (8 raws from x11 to x18) Total $ if the event is sold out = 𝑆)1)8 *40 + 𝑆))1); *30 + 𝑆)*1'2 *20
There are 1150 seats in the hall. 59
• $20 (7 rows from x19 to x25) Total $ if the event is sold out = 310*40 + 392*30 + 448*20= $33 120
60

59 60

1 1 3 2 5 3 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
𝑎) , , , , , º
4 3 8 5 12 7 1 2 3 4 5 6
, , , , ,
1 2 3 4 5 6 4 6 8 10 12 14
, , , , , +2 +2 +2 +2 +2
4 6 8 10 12 14 n
numerator = n
xn =
61
denominator = 2n+2
2n + 2 62

61 62

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+5 +5 +5 +5 +5
! #! #$ &!
b) 0,1, , , , º
" ## % #%
0 5 10 15 20 25
, , , , ,
2 5 8 11 14 17
0 5 10 15 20 25
, , , , , +3 +3 +3 +3 +3
2 5 8 11 14 17 5n - 5
numerator = 5n-5
denominator = 3n-1 xn =
63 3n - 1 64

63 64

W6L1 & W6L2 – Circle Theorems

• Circumference - is the length of the outer boundary of the circle.

• Radius – The distance of a straight line from the center point to the circumference of a
circle.
W6L1 & W6L2 –
Circle Theorems • Diameter – is the length of a straight line through the center that touches two points on
the edge of the circle.

• Tangent – is a line or plane that intersects a curved surface at exactly one point.

• Kite – is a flat shape with straight sides. It has two pairs of equal-length adjacent (next
to each other) sides.

• Cyclic Quadrilateral – is a quadrilateral which has all its four vertices lying on a circle.
66

65 66

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W6L1 & W6L2 – Circle Theorems Circle Key Definitions

(Minor) Arc
• Arc – is a portion of a curve of the circumference on a circle. It’s a ‘minor’ arc because it’s less
than half the circle

(Minor) Sector
• Sector – is a pie-shaped part of a circle made of the arc along with its two radii. It’s a ‘minor’ sector because
it’s less than half the circle

• Chord – is the line segment joining two points on a curve. We can also say it is a
straight-line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc. Chord Radius

• Secant – is a line that intersects a curve at a minimum of two distinct points. (Minor) Segment
The area on the other side of the
chord would be a major segment. Diameter
• Segment – is a part of a line that is bounded by two distinct end points. We can
also say it is a region of a circle which is "cut off" from the rest of the circle by a
secant or a chord.
Tangent
Circumference
67 68

67 68

Sum-Up - 1 Sum-Up - 2

x Arrow Bowtie A + C = 1800

x B + D = 1800
x
B
2x
D

The angle at the centre of a
circle is twice the angle at the
circumference.
C
The angle between a tangent and
Angles in the same The opposite angles of Two tangents on a circle are equal in
the radius drawn to the point of
segment of a circle are a cyclic quadrilateral length. Therefore they make an
contact is 900
equal. add up to 1800 isosceles triangle.

69 70

69 70

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Sum-Up - 3 Angle at the centre

y
x

y x x° Angle at the centre is double

the angle at the circumference
Angle is semi-circle is 90o The angle between chord and
tangent is equal to angle in the

2x°
Alternate Segment.

71 72

71 72

Practice Alternate segment theorem

PQ and PT are tangents to a circle with centre O.
Find the unknown angles giving reasons.
For cases when chord
isn’t a diameter?
R
yo x
Q
xo O angle w (PTO) = 90 o (tan/rad)
98 o angle x (PQO) = 90 o (tan/rad)
90-x
angle y (QRT) = 49 o (angle at centre)
angle z (QPT) = o o
360 – 278 = 82 (quadrilateral)
x
zo wo

P T
73 Simply apply ‘same segment’ theorem 74

73 74

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Practice Cyclic Quadrilateral

PQ and PT are tangents to a circle with centre O.
Find the unknown angles giving reasons.

Q
yo
O
xo angle w (OTR) = 90 o (tan/rad)
angle x (TOR) = 180 – 140 = 40 o (Triangle Sum Theo)

angle y (PQT) = 50 o (isosceles triangle)

80 o wo 50 o
P T R
75 76

75 76

Cyclic Quadrilateral Practice – Ex1 Q2 and Q1 P67 - Test your knowledge

70 o
Find the missing r
x y
angles below 30𝑜 100o
110 o given reasons in q
each case.

p 60𝑜
85 o
angle x = 180 – 85 = 95 o (cyclic quad) angle p = 180 – 135 = 45 o
angle y = 180 – 110 = 70 o (cyclic quad) angle q = 180 – 70 = 110 o
angle r = 180 – 45 = 135 o
o 80o
135
D
(straight line) • < 𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 360 − 300 = 60𝑜 (full angle) • 𝐿𝑒𝑡 D 𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐷 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑎 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙
• < 𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 2* <ABC (angle at center is => <ADC = 80𝑜 (angle at centre)
(cyclic quad)
twice angle at circumference) • < ADC +< ABC = 180𝑜 (cyclic quadrilateral)
(cyclic quad) • => <ABC = 30𝑜 • => <ABC = 100 𝑜
77 78
Use Q2 to solve Q1

77 78

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Practice – Ex1 Q1 to Q6 P67 Extract from Mock-Up Test

105o
150o 45o 30o

20.5o
0o

75o
20.5o

• < 𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 105𝑜 (angle at center)
• < 𝐴𝐵𝑂 = 45𝑜 (angles in a quadrilateral)
OR
• < 𝑂𝐴𝐶 = 30𝑜 (isosceles triangle)
• < 𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 40𝑜 (angle at center)
• < 𝐵𝐴𝑂 = <𝐵𝐴𝐶 − <O𝐴𝐶 = 10𝑜
• < 𝐴𝐵𝑂 =< 𝐵𝐴𝑂 = 10𝑜 (isosceles triangle)
79 80

79 80

Theorem Using Properties of Tangents

HK and HG are tangent to 8F. Find HG.

HK = HG 2 line segments tangent to 8 from

same ext. point ® segments @.
?
5a – 32 = 4 + 2a Subtract 2a from both sides.
3a – 32 = 4 Add 32 to both sides.
3a = 36 Divide both sides by 3.
a = 12 Substitute 12 for a.
HG = 4 + 2(12) Simplify.
81
HG = 28 82

81 82

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Intersecting chords (inside circle) - Formula Theorem - Example

When chords intersect, the chords break into segments that are equal when When chords intersect, the chords break into segments that are equal when
multiplied. multiplied.

D D
8
A X A 6 X 4
B 3 B

C C

AX × XB = CX × XD AX × XB = CX × XD
83 84

83 84

Intersecting chords (outside circle) - Formula Intersecting chords (outside circle) - Practice
When two secants intersect a circle, the segments of the secants (the chord and When two secants intersect a circle, the segments of the secants (the chord and
the whole secant ) are equal when multiplied together. the whole secant ) are equal when multiplied together.

X 6(10 + 6) =?8( X + 8)
8 6(16) = 8 X? + 64
10
6 96 = 8 X + ?64
32 = 8 X ?
1
PICTURE NOT DRAWN
TO SCALE

X =4 ?

MN × MO = MP × MQ MN × MO = MP × MQ
85 86

85 86

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Intersecting chords – Tangent – Secant Theorem

A tangent and a secant

? Students LMS –
? Mock-up Quizz

87

87 88

22