EARTH AND

NOT

LIFE
SCIENCES
Quarter 1 - Module 7
NATURAL HAZARDS, MITIGATION AND
ADAPTATION

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Earth and Life Sciences - Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1-Module 7: NATURAL HAZARDS, MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: John Vincent T. Villamor

Reviewers: Content-Jean S. Macasero, Language-Shirley Merida, Duque

Caguindangan, Eleanor Rollan, Rosemarie Dullente, Marife Ramos, January Gay
Valenzona, Layout Mary Sieras, Arnold Langam Amelito Bucod

Illustrator and Layout Artist: Jessica Bunane Cunado, Kyla Mae L. Duliano
Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, Ph.D., CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, Ph.D., CESE

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD

Members Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief

Jean S. Macasero EPS-Science
Joel D. Potane, LRMDS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II
Rosanna Q. Ubalde, Ph.D., School Head
Marvin Anthony Ramos, School Head
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: (08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

Senior
Senior High
High School
School

Earth and Life

Science
Quarter 1 - Module 7
NATURAL HAZARDS, MITIGATION AND
ADAPTATION

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
at action@ deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About........................................................................................................................ i

What I Need to Know................................................................................................................................... ii
How to Learn from this Module.................................................................................................................iii
Icons of this Module.................................................................................................................................... .iiii

What I Know................................................................................................................................................. ..iiiii

Lesson 1:
Hydrometeorological Phenomena and Hazards.....................................
What I Need to Know: Ring of Fire............................................................................ 1
What’s New: Share your thoughts............................................................................ 3
What Is It: What is a Hazard map...............................................................................4
What’s More: Make a hazard map............................................................................. 6
What I Have Learned: Active faults and trenches.................................................7
What I Can Do: The Information Grachure............................................................. 8

Lesson 2:
Hydrometeorological Phenomena and Hazards.....................................
What’s In: Go back in time............................................................................................9
What I Need to Know: Experience Drop.................................................................. 10
What’s New: 321 Active............................................................................................. 11
What Is It: What is a landslide................................................................................... 12
What’s More: Poster Project...................................................................................... 14
What I Have Learned: A Minute Jingle................................................................... 15
What I Can Do: Diorama Making ........................................................................... 16

Summary
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Key to Answers...........................................................................................................................................
References...................................................................................................................................................
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What This Module is About

Welcome Learners !

This topic is timely and relevant for us to be educated about using hazard
maps especially here in the Philippines. As we go with the lessons, you will know
how important hazard maps in the country especially nowadays that we are
experiencing different types of hazards. In this 21st century, education will be
mesmerized with the advanced technology that we have in order to understand what
is happening into our environment and on how to mitigate it.
This module introduces the learners to Hazard maps which are created and
used in concurrence with several natural disasters. There are activities that you’ll
need to know and understand the functions and uses of hazard maps. These will
help you to be armed with knowledge in order to prevent future risk. You will be
familiar with different hazard maps which have different uses. Using hazard maps
will guide you if you are living in a hazardous areas. There will be a guide for you to
be aware in determining the risk of living in a certain area.
For you to know more about hazard maps just follow the module and lets help
determining the vulnerability to lessen the risk. To become a great scientist, traveler,
teacher, navigator, pilot, newscaster, or any type of professionals in the future let’s
explore together as we turn the page.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Identify areas prone to hazards brought about by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
and landslides (ELS MELC14);
2. Identify human activities that speed up or trigger landslides (ELS MELC15);

I
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

II
 What I Know

Questionnaire on Hazard mapping.

1. What hazard maps have been developed in your Region? (Just put check on
the line provided)
___FOREST FIRES
___FLOODS
___EARTHQUAKES
___VOLCANIC ERUPTION
___LANDSLIDES
___STORMS
___CONTAMINATED WATER
___NUCLEAR
___OTHER INDUSTRIAL HAZARD (SPECIFY)
2. Have maps been developed for all relevant hazards in your area?

3. Who are the key players, body/entity, authority responsible for the
development and updating of hazard maps?

4. Has your country developed any cross-border co-operation for developing

common hazard mapping methodologies or guidelines?

5. In your area or region, what are the hazard maps used for?

III
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 Introduction to Using Hazard
Maps, Identify Areas Prone to
Hazards Brought About by
Earthquakes, Volcanic Eruptions,
Lesson and Landslides

1
What I Need to Know

In this Lesson, you will know the importance of maps but specifically the hazard
maps which highlights the areas that are vulnerable to a particular hazard that can
cause damage and greater risk.

1
The image above is an example of a map that shows the Pacific ring of fire which
occurs in red lines.

Get your answer sheet and let’s think

1. What type of hazard/hazards do you think that are present on the map above?

2. Who are the most vulnerable to the hazards that might occur to the map
presented above?

3. Without these kind of maps, do you think we are prepared to any hazard that
might appear in our present time?

2
 What’s New

Activity 1 SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS

In this activity you are going to think and share your thoughts. But first you need to
arrange the scrambled words and after knowing the word think and share your
thoughts about it.

1. RJIUNY

2. REDNAG

3. RINTOMAINOF

4. SANDSILLED

5. HEARTAEKQUS

6. LULNAVRAEB

7. LOHNOTECYG

8. ASHZRAD

9. CACIDETN

10. REWASANSE

TIMES UP!

It’s time to share what you think and what are your thoughts about these
words.

3
 What Is It

WHAT IS A HAZARD MAP?

A hazard map is a map that provides understanding in certain places which

highlights areas that are vulnerable to a particular hazard. They are typically created
for natural hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. Hazard
maps help prevent serious damage and deaths.

USES OF A HAZARD MAP

Hazard maps are created and used in concurrence with several natural disasters.
Different hazard maps have different uses. Hazard maps created for flooding are
also used in insurance rate adjustments. Hazard maps can also be useful in
determining the risks of living in a certain area. Hazard maps can assist people
become aware of the threats they might face from natural disasters in a specific
range or area.

Below are some examples of Hazard maps that shows some areas in Cagayan de
Oro with Lower risk to High risk areas. Lighter highlighted areas such as yellow and
other lighter colours are at low risk while as the highlighted darker colours such as
red are at high risk or more vulnerable areas.
4
 5

What’s More

Activity 2. Make a Hazard Map

Materials : bond paper, ruler, pen, pencil, art materials

Draw where you live and list the hazards that are present or that you’ve experienced
in your area and use colours to represent the level or scale of vulnerability of
hazards. You may choose the colour that you want in shading a certain area and the
legend that you’re going to make.
6
 What I Have Learned

1. What type of hazard map is shown above?

2. What are the types of hazards that you might experience?

3. Do you think it’s safe to live in the highlighted areas? Why?

4. What are the importance of using hazard maps?

5. What have you learned today?

7
 What I Can Do

ACTIVITY: THE INFORMATION GRACHURE (in short an infographics brochure)

You will be given a task individually by your teacher. You are going to make an
infographics that shows a hazard map in your community. This activity will help you
develop your techno skills and social skills and also your creativity. After making an
infographics, you’re going to share it thru social Medias and thru infographics
brochure for those who have no access to technologies.

5 10 15
CREATIVITY It needs more Its design is good, It is very attractive
design and the arranged and it is and well arrange
font size are not readable. that everyone that
that readable for sees it wants to
all ages. read it.
CONTENT Needs more data The contents are The contents are
to be indicated for good and excellent, very
the people to be informative but not informative that
more informed. all info’s are everyone can find
indicated. all info’s and can
understand the
content.
RELEVANCE The information The information The Information
grachure lacks grachure is good grachure that they
resources and but needs more made is very
consistency. resources and consistent with
consistency. resources
provided.

8
 Identify Human Activities That Speed
Lesson Up or Trigger Landslides
2

What’s In
In the previous lesson, we already know the use and importance of using
hazard maps by identifying those highlighted areas as vulnerable zones or at higher
risk to cause damage and loss of life but have you ever thought about what triggers
or speeding up these kind of hazards such as landslides?

Let’s Go Back In Time

Have you ever thought who are the key factors of triggering or speeding up
these hazards?

What did you and your family do to prevent or to slow it down from happening
or triggering lanslides?

Today we will learn and Identify human activities that speed up or trigger
landslides and this will help us to avoid things that will change the bad habits or
doings that we do.

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 What I Need to Know

The World is fast changing because of the different hazards that we experience and
most of the times one of the most common among all of these hazards are
landslides because it partners in almost all types of hazards.

Questionnaire: Experience Drop

This is to assess you about your knowledge in landslides. Just put a smiley face if
you agree with the statement and sad face if you disagree.

___The human activities can trigger landslides such as occupying a large area of
forest for housing.
___ I have witnessed a landslide.
___ Volcanic eruption is caused by human activity that can cause landslides.
___ Quarrying is a human activity that can cause landslides.
___ Mining is a human activity that can cause landslides.
___ Illegal logging is a human activity that can cause landslides.
___ Wild animals are the reason that landslides are triggering.
___ Wet land or soil are at lower risk to cause landslides.
___ Only the professionals that studies landslides can help prevent or slow down
landslides from happening.
___ I plant trees to help prevent or to slow down landslides from happening.

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 What’s New

Activity 1: 321 Active

The teacher will assign a task. Each learner will be assigned to role play a landslide
scenario that is triggered or speed up by human activity/activities. The teacher will
give the students a time to think and practice for their role play. Note: If there are no
gadgets available, you can do it thru an animated flip chart.

5 10 15
Creativity They need to They performed They performed
improve more on good but they just excellently with
their creativeness need a little bit different styles and
in their role play more creative. very resourceful.
Clarity They need to show The voice is just Their voice are
off more and enough to be very clear and
needs more heard and they each role has
practice. have good delivery been delivered
in their roles. clearly.
Consistency Needs more They got the Their role play is
understanding assigned task to very consistent to
about the task that them but not that the topic given to
have been given to consistent. them.
them.

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 What Is It

What is a landslide?
A landslide is also known as a landslip the movement of a mass of rock,
debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides can also be classified as a type of "mass
wasting," which indicates any soil and rock in a down slope movement under the
direct influence of gravity. The word "landslide" involves five modes of slope
movement: flows, slides, spreads, topples, and falls. These are further subdivided by
the type of geologic material such as debris, bedrock and/or earth. The debris flows
are sometimes commonly referred to as mudslides or mudflow and rock falls are
examples of common landslide types.
Almost every landslide has multiple causes. The movement of slope occurs when
forces acting down-slope primarily due to gravity which exceed the strength of the
earth materials that comprise the slope. There are causes which includes factors that
contribute to low or reduced strength and factors that increase the effects of down
slope forces.

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What human activities can trigger or speed up landslides?

Quarrying
-An excavation or pit, that is commonly open to the air, from which building
stone, slate, or, is obtained by blasting, cutting, and etc.

Mining
-Refers to the use of explosives underground are like mini earthquakes. This
can cause a landslide. Also historic mining can cause a ground level gaps of 6-8ft. A
shift in soil can cause a ground level drop of the same measurement, leading to a
landslide.

Land Pollution
-Is the degradation of earth’s land surfaces are often triggered by human
doings/activities and its misuse. The haphazard disposal of urban and industrial
exploitation of minerals, wastes, and improper use of soil by poor agricultural
practices are a few of the contributing factors.

Excavation
-Excavation is the processing, exposure, and recording of archaeological
remains. The excavation site or “dig” is a site being studied.

Land Use
- involves the management and modification of natural environment or
wilderness into built environment examples are construction of houses, roads and
etc.
 13

What’s More

ACTIVITY: HUMAN IMPACT POSTER PROJECT

You are going to make a Poster: “Human Impact Poster Project”. Below are the
effects of human activity that triggered landslides and caused damage of property
and life.
14
 What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY: A MINUTE JINGLE COMPOSITION

-You will be assigned by your teacher to make an individual jingle composition.

-You will showcase some ways on how to lessen landslides.

-Make sure that your composition should connect with the lesson.

-Get your Note and start to compose.

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 What I Can Do

ACTIVITY: DIORAMA MAKING

-You will become an artist in this activity to showcase your talent in artistry and
creative mind and resourcefulness.

-Each individual will showcase the lesson about human activities that can trigger or
speed up landslides.

-Use recyclable materials in making the diorama.

-You can choose whether you want to make human activities that can speed up
landslide or activities that can lessen landslides.

-Share your works to the class and/or to the community for them to be aware about
the cause and effects of the human activities that can trigger or speed up landslides.

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Summary
Hazard Map – is a type of map that highlights areas that are vulnerable to a
certain hazard.
Human Activity – are various actions for recreation, living, or necessity done
by people.
Quarrying – cut into rock or ground to obtain stone or other materials.
Mining – is the extraction of geological materials from the earth, usually from
an ore body, placer deposits and etc.
Excavation – the action of excavating something, especially an archaeological
site.
Land Pollution – refers to the deterioration of the earth’s land surfaces.
Land Use – involves the management and modification of natural environment
or wilderness into built environment such as housing, settlements,
and etc.

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 Assessment: (Post-Test)

True or False. Put a smiley face if the statement is true and sad face if
the statement is false.
____1. Hazard maps are used only for flooding.
____2. Using hazard maps can lower the risk of being vulnerable to a certain
hazards.
____3. Living in a high risk area could lead to a more vulnerable situation that costs
more lives and property.
____4. Hazards in the Philippines includes landslides, volcanic eruption, flash floods
and earthquakes.
____5. Human activities cannot trigger or speed up landslides.
____6. Mass cutting of trees can trigger or speed up landslides.
____7. Excavation helps in strengthening the land to slow landslides from happening.
____8. Quarrying cuts the ground to obtain stone or other materials.
____9. Most hazard maps use green colour to highlight high risk or vulnerable areas.
____10. When a boulder tumbles down a hillside it’s an example of landslide.
____11. A landslide refers to a soil, rock, and debris sliding down a slope.
____12. It is safe to follow the orders of local officials to evacuate even if you haven’t
experience any hazards before in your area.
____13. The Philippines is located at the ring of fire.
____14. Wet soil or land can trigger or speed up landslides.
____15. Land pollution refers to the cutting of rock or ground to obtain stone or other
materials.

Multiple Choice. Answer the question that follows. Choose the best answer
from among the given choices.
1. What is another term for landslide?
a. Lava flow c. Landslip
b. Debris Avalanche d. Rock fall
2. Which of the following is NOT a sign of a possible landslide?
a. Trees or walls shifting
b. Door/window jams for the first time
c. Parking or paved driveways lots slowly beginning to crack
d. Two full moons two nights in a row
3. Which of the following is NOT the use of hazard map?
a. Use for leisure.
b. Use to identify flood areas.
c. To be informed if you are vulnerable to a landslide.
d. Shows highlighted areas that is risky to any hazards.
4. Another step in being prepared for a landslide is the same as with the danger
of fire; making an evacuation plan. When is it best to make this evacuation
plan?
a. While your house is slipping down a hill
b. As soon as possible, if not done already
c. I don’t need an evacuation plan
d. Whenever you have time; the chances of a landslide are very slim.
5. After a danger has passed, make sure to check your local radio or weather
station for updates on landslide. Which of the following do you NOT have do
after returning home?
a. Check foundation and chimney for damage
b. Keep all electronics turned off for a month
c. Replant ruined land
d. Stabilize land as soon as possible

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References

"DepEd CDO Website." DepEd CDO Website. Accessed July 1, 2020.

https://www.depedcdo.net/?fbclid=IwAR1nRoXeGKTOw8wTOz_u3PWvqEPFKzm
QTvd03SJzdsPc3Oh0SN11AkoDUMg.

European Commission | Choose Your Language | Choisir Une Langue | Wählen Sie Eine
Sprache. Accessed July 1, 2020.
https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/civil_protection/civil/pdfdocs/questionnairehazardmap
ping.pdf.

"Human Actions That Speed Up Landslides." Share and Discover Knowledge on LinkedIn
SlideShare. Last modified August 7, 2016.
https://www.slideshare.net/RomnickUreta/human-actions-that-speed-up-landslides.

"What Causes Landslides and Mudslides? | EarthSky.org." EarthSky - Earth, Space, Human
World, Tonight. Last modified April 10, 2019. https://earthsky.org/human-
world/what-causes-landslides.

"What is a Landslide and What Causes One?" USGS.gov | Science for a Changing World.
Last modified 2018. https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-a-landslide-and-what-causes-
one?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products.

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