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‫مرحلة ثانية‬
‫قسم اللغة اإلنكليزية‬

‫كلية التربية ¦ كلية التربية االساسية ¦ كلية االداب ¦ كلية اللغات‬

‫اعداد وتنسيق‬
‫محمد نجم ¦ سيف صالح‬

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 Chapter 3

Long vowels are vowel sounds that are longer than normal, or short, vowels. In RP
English the long vowel sounds are those in 'seat', 'suit', 'sort', 'shirt' and 'start'. Phonemic
symbols for long vowel sounds have a /:/ to indicate length.
There are the five long vowels in English.

The length of all English vowel sounds varies very much according to their context and
the presence or absence of stress.

The symbols consist of one vowel symbol plus a length mark made of two dots (:)

Why there is two dots (:)in long vowels?

The length mark is used not because it is essential but because it helps learners to
remember the length difference.

The Quality of vowels: means lips shape and position tongue position.

‫ أصوات وهي كما يلي‬5 ‫ و تسمى بأصوات العلة الطويلة و عددها‬:‫المجموعة الثانية‬
8) /i:/ meet mi:t eat i:t key ki:

9) /ɑː/ hard hɑ:d start stɑ:t cart kɑ:t

10) /ɔː/ ball bɔ:l sport spɔ:t horse hɔ:s

11) /ɜː/ bird bɜ:d word wɜ:d sir sɜ:

12) /u:/ you ju: too tu: pool pu:l

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 Diphthong: is a sound formed from a glide (rapid movement) from one sound to
another. In English Phonetic system, there are 8 diphthongs.

Pure Vowel: is the sound which remains constant and doesn't glide.

Centering Diphthongs: are those which end in /ə/ which is Central Vowel and they are
three diphthongs.
1- /ɪə/ as in "Beard" /bɪəd/
2- /eə/ as in "Cairn" /keən/
3- /ʊə/ as in "Tour" /tʊə/

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 Cardinal vowels: are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians in describing the
sounds of languages.

Triphthongs: is a glide from one vowel to another then to a third, they are all produced
rapidly and without interruption. There are five triphthongs in English.
The total number of diphthongs is eight
1- /eɪ + ə/ as in "Player" /pleɪə/
2- /ɑɪ + ə/ as in "Hire" /hɑɪə/
3- /ɔɪ + ə/ as in "Lawyer" /lɔɪə/
4- /əʊ + ə/ as in "Lower" /ləʊə/
5- /ɑʊ + ə/ as in "Power" /pɑʊə/

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 Q1) On the vowel diagram provided, indicate the glides for the diphthongs in the
following words:
a) fright
b) home
c) clear
d) cow
Q2) Write the symbols for the long vowels in the following words:
a) broad
b) learn
c) err
d) ward
e) cool
f) seal
g) calf
h) team
i) curl
Q3) Write the symbols for the diphthongs in
a) tone
b) d) way
c) g) hair
d) style
e) h) why
f) out
g) coil
h) prey
2. Diphthongs are difficult to be recognized and pronounced.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. English long vowels A. Diphthongs b. Cardinal vowels
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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 Q4 / Fill in the blanks
1. The /ə/sound is called……
2. Phoneme is represented or realized by…………
3. Diphthongs are classified into two kinds……..and …………
4. -------is one of the kinds of Diphthongs.
5.------- are a standard reference system of the vowels of English.

Q5/ Exemplify for the following:

1. Bilabial sound
2. Triphthong
3. Close, back, long vowel
4. back, long vowel
5. Nasal sound
6. Voiced, dental sound.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q6) Choose the right answer:

1.The word has this Phonetic symbol (eɪ)

A- Face
b- Day
c- Break
d- All

2.combinations of three sounds

a- the Schwa
b- Diphthongs
c- Triphthongs
d- Glides

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 3. The correct description for the long vowel/u:/

A) it is affront vowel.
B) it is a back vowel.
C)it is an open vowel.
D) it is a central vowel.

4. Choose a group of sound whose place of articulation is alveolar.

A) /t/ and /d/

B)/ θ/ and ð/
C)/b/ and /m/
D/ /k/ and /g/

5. Choose the group of sounds whose place of articulation is dental.

A) /s/ and /n/.

B) /b/ and /m/.
C) /k/ and /g/.
D)/ θ/ and /ð/

6. Which of the following triphthong is used in the word mayor?

A) /əuə/
B) elə
C) /alə/
D) /ɔlə/

7. Choose the word containing the triphthong /ɔlə/

A) lair
B) loyal
C) lower
D) power

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 8. The vowel used in second part of all the centering diphthongs?

A) /e/
B) /æ/
C)/ ɑ/
D) /ə/

9. The vowels is used in the word 'meet'?

A) /u:/
B) / ɜ:/
C)/ ə:/
D) /i:/

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