Therapy View of Therapeutic Therapist’s Client’s Relationship Therapeutic Limitations

Human Goals Function Experience Between Techniques and and

Nature and Role in Therapy Therapist Procedures Criticisms
and Client
Behavior is To make the To help Clients will Classical Maintaining the Ignores
determined unconscious client’s engaged analyst analytic empirical
by irrational, conscious, and acquire the with free stands framework, Free research.
forces, to strengthen freedom to association outside the Association, Therapy is
unconscious the ego to love, work , in which relationship, Interpretation, long time
motivations, lessen cravings and play. they will offers Dream Analysis, commitment.
and biological or irrational Furthermore, freely insights Analysis of Only
Psychoanaly and guilt. to listen and express producing resistance, available for
tic instinctual analyze the what comes interpretation Analysis of clients who
drive. client’s into mind , while Transference. are severely
problem and and the Contemporar disturb and
help the analyst will y analysts egoless.
client’s be listen, note, brings about
aware of the interpret, change
problem. and ask within the
questions client.
during the
session.
Humans are To develop a Make Clients Adlerians Establish the Still requires
motivated in sense of comprehensi focus their considers proper therapeutic more
social belonging, ve work on good client- relationship. empirical
relatedness, adopt social assessment desired therapist Explore the testing and
Adlerian behavior is interests and to a client outcomes relationship psychological comparative
goal directed, community functioning and that is based dynamics operating analysis. Has
purposeful, feeling. by using lifestyle on in the client. drawbacks
and early that could cooperation, Encourage the such as
conscious. recollections provide a trust, respect, development of clients who
and lifestyle new collaboration self-understanding. are not
assessment. blueprint and Help the client interested in
 for their alignment make new choices past
actions. goals. childhood
experiences.
Existential Our existence Aims at a therapist’s Clients are Existential Clients are to Excessively
is never fixed, helping clients function is to encouraged therapists define and question individualisti
rather we are face anxiety assist to assume value their existence, are c and that
continually and engage in clients in responsibili honesty, assisted in more they ignore
creating action that is seeing the ty for how integrity, and fully examining the the social
ourselves based on ways in they are courage, for source and factors that
through our the authentic which they choosing to relationship authority of their cause human
projects. In purpose of constrict be in their between present value problems.
other words, creating a their world, and client and system, and Highly
humans are in worthy awareness take action therapist is helping people take focused on
a constant existence and the cost on the important for what they are the
transformatio of insights it is a learning about philosophical
n. such provided stimulus for themselves and put assumption
constrictions through the positive it into action. of self-
. therapeutic change. determinatio
process. n.
Person- Individuals Aims toward The role of Clients’ In Roger’s Focuses on Difficult to
Centered can move the client person- perceptions hypothesis grasping the world translate the
forward achieving a centered both of “If I can of the client and core
through greater degree therapists is their own provide a reflecting this therapeutic
congruence of rooted in experience certain type understanding. conditions
genuineness, independence their ways of in therapy of into actual
or realness, and being and and of the relationship, practice in
unconditional integration. attitudes, not counselor’s the other certain
positive Focuses on the in techniques basic person will cultures. This
regard person, not on designed to attitudes. discover approach
acceptance the person’s get the client Clients within extols the
and caring, presenting to “do seek himself or value of an
and accurate problem. something.” therapy herself the internal locus
empathic when they capacity to of evaluation.
 understanding are use that
incongruent relationship
to for growth
themselves, and change,
and feels and personal
helpless. development
will occur.
Gestalt Human nature Therapy aims To invite Clients are Person-to- Using exercises in Gestalt
is rooted in to assists clients into a active person therapy and therapy has
existential clients to attain active participants relationship Experiments such limits to
philosophy, greater partnership in the between as the “empty chair those
phenomenolo awareness and where they therapy, therapist and technique”. And cultures who
gy and field with it, a can learn and make clients. Open therapy is aimed to are not used
theory. Aims greater choice. about their own to clients and facilitate a client’s in expressing
at awareness themselves, interpretati maintaining a ability to work feelings or
and contact and adopt on and therapeutic through the stuck regard as
with the experiments meaning. atmosphere points in life. expressing as
environment which they that will offensive.
that has could try and foster a spirit
internal and notice what of work on
external happens. the client’s
worlds. part.
Behavior A To identify and Helps the It provides Is a flexible Use reinforcement, Behavior
Therapy deterministic help change person the repertoire of punishment, therapy may
assumption potentially identify therapist relationship shaping, modeling, change
that humans self-destructive unhealthy with a well- styles, plus a and related behaviors,
are a mere or unhealthy thought defined wide range of techniques to alter but it does
product of behaviors. It patterns and system of techniques, behavior. These not change
their functions on understand procedures enhances methods have the feelings.
Sociocultural the idea that all how those to employ. treatment benefit of being Behavior
conditioning. behaviors are thoughts It is outcomes. It highly focused, therapy does
learned and contribute to important emphasizes which means they not provide
that unhealthy self- for clients the need for can produce fast insight.
 behaviors can destructive to be therapeutic and effective Behavior
be changed. behaviors motivated flexibility results therapy treats
and beliefs to change, and symptoms
and they versatility rather than
are above all causes.
expected to else. Behavior
cooperate therapy
in carrying involves
out control and
therapeutic social
activities, influence by
both during the therapist
therapy
sessions
and in
everyday
life.
Cognitive Behavior To help the Helping A cognitive Disputing irrational it may not be
Behavior therapy is individual individuals and directive beliefs, Doing suitable for
based on the enact change in learn to be behavioral cognitive people with
assumption thinking their own process, a homework, more
that human patterns and therapists. warm Bibliotherapy, complex
beings are behaviors, patients/clien relationship Changing one’s mental health
born with a thereby ts are helped between language, needs or
potential for improving to develop therapist and Psychoeducational learning
both rational, quality of life coping skills, client is not methods. difficulties.
or “straight,” not by whereby required. As CBT can
thinking and changing the they can REBT involve
irrational, or circumstances learn to practitioners confronting
“crooked,” in which the change their strive to your
thinking. person lives, own unconditional emotions and
but by helping thinking, ly accept all anxieties,
the person take problematic clients you may
 control of his emotions, and to teach experience
or her own and them to initial
perception of behavior. unconditional periods
those ly accept where you
circumstances. others and are more
themselves anxious or
emotionally
uncomfortabl
e.
Reality All needs are To help people The reality Clients are Emphasizes The Practice of Vulnerable to
internal and take control of therapist is not an Reality Therapy, the
that human improving their not to make expected to understandin the Counseling practitioner
beings act on own lives by the backtrack g and Environment, who assumes
the world learning to evaluation into the supportive Procedures That the role of an
purposefully make better for clients past or get relationship, Lead to Change, expert in
to satisfy choices but to sidetracked or therapeutic Wants (exploring deciding for
their needs challenge into talking alliance, wants, needs, and others how
and wants clients to about which is the perceptions),Direct life should be
examine symptoms. foundation ion and doing, lived and
what they Clients can for effective Self-evaluation, what
are doing expect to outcomes Planning and constitutes
experience action responsible
some behavior.
urgency in Does not
therapy. give
Time is adequate
important, emphasis to
as each the role of
session the following
may be the aspects of the
last. counseling
process.
Feminist Has a lot of Goals of Feminist Clients are The Techniques uses Feminist
 views. It feminist therapists active therapeutic empowerment, therapists do
could be therapy include have participants relationship self-disclosure, not take a
Gender-fair empowerment, integrated in the as being gender-role neutral
Approaches, valuing and feminism therapeutic based on analysis, gender- stance; they
flexible– affirming into their process. mutuality, role intervention, believe
multicultural diversity, approach to Clients tell equality, and power analysis, therapy is a
Perspective, striving for therapy and their stories empowermen bibliotherapy, valueoriented
life-span change rather into their and give t. Feminist assertiveness process.
perspective. than lives. voice to therapists training, reframing They
adjustment, Committed their clearly state and relabeling, emphasize
equality, to experiencin their values social action, and the
balancing monitoring g. Feminist to reduce the group work. importance
independence their own therapist chance of of counselors
and biases, makes sure value clarifying
interdependenc distortions that the imposition, a their
e, social especially therapy will choice in personal and
change, and the social not be which the professional
self- and cultural another client will values and
nurturance. dimensions arena continue the being aware
of women’s which they therapy or of the
experiences will be not. potential
passive, impact of
and these values
dependent on clients.
Postmodern Therapists Therapist Therapeutic It is Collaborative Pretherapy change, pertains to
focus on what believes people process is essential to approach exception the not-
is possible, no have the ability about create a where questions, the knowing
interest to define involves sense of counselor miracle question, stance the
in gaining an meaningful clients’ trust so creates scaling questions, therapist
understanding personal goals thinking clients will understandin formula first assumes,
of how the and that they about their return for g and session task, along with
problem have the future further acceptance so therapist feedback the
emerged. resources and what sessions clients can to clients, assumption
 Solution- required to they want to and will tap into their terminating, of the client-
focused, solve their be different follow inner application to as-expert.
therapy is problems. in their lives through on resources. group counseling Therapists
optimistic on homework practicing
the suggestions within this
assumption framework
that people must be able
are healthy to
and make
competent assessments,
can enhance assist clients
their lives in
formulating
specific
goals, and
effectively
use a range
of
appropriate
interventions.
Family Views the Exploring Draws on Structural family In the early
Systems family as an patterns and systems therapy, strategic days of
emotional their relation to thinking in family therapy, and family
unit and uses individual its view of intergenerational therapy,
systems psychopatholo the family as family therapy. therapist all
thinking to gy, an emotional too often got
describe the encouraging unit. When lost in their
unit's the family to systems consideration
complex improve thinking of the
interactions. functionality, which system.
It is the increasing evaluates the
nature of a positive parts of a
family that its communication system in
members are , restructuring relation to
intensely maladaptive the whole is
connected international applied to
emotionally. and relational families, it
patterns, and suggests
strengthening behavior is
natural both often
resilience informed by
and
inseparable
from the
functioning
of one's