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Relative clauses (Relativsätze) are clauses added on to a main clause

(Hauptsatz) that provide additional information about a noun. They cannot


stand on their own but must be part of a sentence. They are introduced by
relative pronouns (Relativpronomen). In English, -- they usually are
introduced by "who" or "that" or "which or whom". For instance:

He's the man. He bought a house. He's the man who bought a house.
I have a car. I drive the car to work. I have a car that I drive to work.

Er ist der Mann. Er hat ein Haus Er ist der Mann, der ein Haus
gekauft. gekauft hat.
Ich habe einen Wagen. Ich fahre Ich habe einen Wagen, den ich
den Wagen zur Arbeit. zur Arbeit fahre.

Rules:
1. Relative pronoun introduces a relative clause.
2. Commas are used before introducing a relative clause
3. Find the antecedent (Bezugswort): what are referring to?
4. Determine the gender and number of the antecedent: how many and what
gender?
5. Figure out how the relative pronoun is used in the relative clause(subject, direct
object, indirect object) and which case that will require.
6. The conjugated verb is placed at the end of the relative clause.

Word order:

Main Clause (hauptsatz), +Relativsatze


,[(prep) relativpronomen+ subject+ the rest of sentence +conjugated verb.]
I: NOMINATIVE

The child that is playing there lives in Switzerland.

1. Das kind, das dort spielt, wohnt in der Schweiz.


Antecedent: Das Kind
Gender: Neuter
Case: Nominative
Relative pronoun: das

The children that are playing live in Switzerland.

2. Die Kinder, die dort spielen, wohnen in der Schweiz,


Antecedent: Das Kind
Gender: Plural
Case: Nominative
Relative pronoun: die

Test 1: The man who sings is my neighbor. ____________________.


Antecedent:
Gender:
Case:
Relative Pronoun:

II: AKKUSATIV (what or who)


The novel that I want to read is "Harry Potter"
lesen
1. Der Roman, den ich lessen will, ist Harry Potter.
Antecedent: Der Roman
Gender: Masculine
Case: Akkusative
Relative Pronoun: den

The book that I want to read is Harry Potter


2. Das Buch, das ich lesen will, ist "Harry Potter"
Antecedent:
Gender:
Case:
Relative Pronoun:
Test 2: The books that I read yesterday were history.
______________________________________________________
Die Bücher, die ich gestern gelesen habe, waren Geschichte.

Antecedent:
Gender:
Case:
Relative Pronoun:

III: Dative (answers for whom/to whom)


The woman to whom I gave the book was very happy.
1. Die Frau, der ich das Buch gegeben habe, war sehr glücklich.
Antecedent: Die Frau

Gender: Feminine

Case: Dative

Relative Pronoun: Der

I know the man to whom the people gave the money.


Ich den
2. I kenne der Mann, dem die Leute das Geld gegeben haben.
Ich habe einen Hund,

Test 3 : The women to whom we gave the books were very happy.
Die Frauen, denen wir die Bücher gegeben haben, waren sehr glücklich.
Antecedent:

Gender:

Case:

Relative Pronoun:

IV: Genitive (shows possession/ownership)


whose

Die Nachbarin, deren Kind in meiner Klasse war, ist krank


The neighbor whose child was in my class is sick
Antecedent:

Gender:

Case:

Relative Pronoun:

Der Nachbar, dessen Kind in meiner Klasse war, ist krank


The neighbor whose child was in my class is sick
Antecedent:

Gender:

Case:

Relative Pronoun:
Test 4: I know the man whose dog is called Angie.
__________________________________________
Ich kenne den Mann, dessen Hund Angie heißt.

Antecedent:

Gender:

Case:

Relative Pronoun:

Ich kenne den man, desen

Other Rules:
1. In English, we often leave out the "that" relative pronoun ("The film I saw last night was
bad" is really "The film THAT I saw last night ..."). In German you cannot omit the relative
pronoun from a sentence -- you must always have a der, die, das or something.

That’s the computer I bought yesterday.


Das ist der Computer, den ich gestern gekauft habe.

2. You cannot separate the relative pronoun from any preposition that goes with it. (Verb with
fixed Prep)

The man who I'm talking to is over there.


Der Mann, mit dem ich spreche, ist dort.
sprechen von über mit Angst haben vor

sich freuen auf Das ist ein Hund, vor dem man Angst haben soll.
über Der Freund, auf den ich warte, ist neu in der Stadt
warten auf

Questions:
Wo ist das Buch, das Sie mir geschenkt haben?
Where is the book that you gave me as a present?

Ist das die Suppe, die du bestellt hast?


Is that the soup [that] you ordered?

das

den

die

Das ist der Wagen, den Sabine gekauft hat.

Ich habe einen Hund, der den Briefträger gebissen hat.

Der Briefträger, der von meinem Hund gebissen wurde, heißt Manny.

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