E-ISSN: 2278-3229

IJGHC, September 2021 –November Sec. A; Vol.10, No.4, 329-336

DOI: 10.24214/IJGHC/GC/10/4 /32936

International Journal of Green and

Herbal Chemistry
An International Peer Review E-3 Journal of Sciences
Available online at www.ijghc.com
Section A: Green Chemistry
Research Article CODEN (USA): IJGHAY

FTIR Phytochemical finger print in the methanol leaf

extract of Tephrosia purpurea
K.Shameem Rani1, M.Mumtaz2, R.Priyank3 and M.Chandran4

1
Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Wakf Board College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Wakf Board College, Madurai, India
3
Research Scholar, Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore,India
4
Professor, Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, India

Received: 20 August 2021; Revised: 05 September 2021; Accepted: 23 September 2021

Abstract: The intention of the present study was to find out the bioactive
phytocompounds present in the leaf of methanol extract of Tephrosia purpurea L. by
using an instrument Fourier transforms infrared spectres copy (FTIR-4600, ASSCO-
PS 4000),Version-2.20-06,Serial No-0086061786,Scan range between 4,000 -400 cm-
1. The results obtained from this FTIR analysis showed the presence of 40 spectral
peaks at different reference ranges indicates the presence of functional groups such as
alcohols, phenols, aromatics, alkanes, carbodiimide, aromatic compound, carboxyilc
acid, alkene, nitro compounds, sulfonate, aromatic ester,aromatic amines, alkyl aryl
ether, ester, aliphatic ether,and secondary alcohol. The methanol leaf extract of this
plant showed considerable level of antibacterial activity against Escheirchia.coli,
Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcus mutantwhen
exposed to different concentrations such as 5,10,20,30 and 40µL concentration. The
increase of zone of inhibition is dose dependent and increases with increasing
concentration.
Keywords: Phytocompounds, Fingerprint, FTIR, Antibacterial, Tephrosia purpurea L

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FTIR Phytochemical … Dr.K.Shameem Rani et al.

1. INTRODUCTION

Secondary metabolites, the chemicals produced by the plants are extremely diverse. Till date, many
thousands of phytochemicals with several major classes have been identified. They are all differed in
different plant family, genus, and species. Among these, humans use some of these compounds as
medicines. The plants produced phytocompounds when they attacked by herbivores and pathogen.
These phytocompounds are used as antibacterial antiviral and antifungal compounds to treat various
human diseases because of having some toxic and repellent properties. Plants have been known as an
excellent source of various functionally active secondary metabolites and a good source of essential
nutrients [1,2], indispensable to human welfare for their usages as therapeutics since the ancient
period [3,4].

Some phytochemicals, moreover possessing direct antimicrobial activity, exhibited an in-vitro

synergistic effect when exposed in combination with conventional antibiotics [5].Worldwide, 80% of
population depends the medicinal plants or herbs to fulfill their medicinal requirements [6-8].
Particularly, in India like developing countries, most of the rural people are using the herbs to cure
various serious diseases which are challenging to recent scientific allopathic treatment because of
possessing some rare phytocompounds. For example, the present study plant Tephrosia purpurea has
hepato-protective [9],anti-inflammatory [10], antimicrobial [1,11], antiulcer [12,13], antidiabatic [14]
anxiolytic [15], antioxidant [16,17], cytotoxic [10,18,19] antiviral [17], antimalarial [20] and molluscicidal
activities [21].Hence, the phytochemical studies on these traditional herbs are very important to know
the chemical composition of plants for better understanding of their possible and specific medicinal
value. Hence, the present study has been programmed to carry out the phytochemical finger prints by
using FTIR spectroscopic method in methanol extract of leaves of plant Tephrosia purpurea L.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Plant description: The plant Tephrosia purpurea is a small perennial erect herb available throughout
Tamilnadu in the waste lands. It grows up to 50cm height with many branches. Leaves are compound
and imparipinnate. Leaflets are small with 7-15 in number and 1-2 to 0.3-1cm obovate and inverted
lance shaped. Flowers are pink and purple in colour, pseudo-recemes –like cluster,7mm long, leaf
opposed with 3-4mm stalk, 2mm long bracts,3-4 mm calyx and pubescent. Staminal tubes are 4mm
long in size. Pods are 3-4mm broad and 2.5 -4cm long with linear dark brown ellipsoid seeds. The
flowering moths are October to December.

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FTIR Phytochemical … Dr.K.Shameem Rani et al.

Classification: Kingdom: Plantae; Order: Fabales; Family: Fabaceae;

Genus:Tephrosia; Species:T. purpurea

Tephrosia Purpureanames in various language:

S.No. Language Names

1 Tamil Kavali,Kolluk-kay-velai, Kawati, Kolinchi, Avuri, Kattukozhinji
2 English Common Tephrosia, Fish Poison, Wild Indigo, Purple Tephrosia
3 Bengali Bannilgach
4 Irula Kolingi
5 Gujarati Ghodakan
6 Hindi Sarphonk Sharpunkha
7 Kannada Empali, Koggi, Punike, Marali
8 Malayalam Kozhinjil
9 Marathi sharpankha, unhali
10 Nepali Kandesakhinu, Sakinu
11 Oriya soropunkha
12 Sanskrit sarapunkha
13 Urdu Sarphoka, Sarphooka, Sarphuka

Medicinal uses: In Ayurveda system this plant is used as digestible, anthelmintic, alexiteric,
antipyretic, alternative, to cures diseases of liver, spleen, heart, blood, fever, cancer, wounds, eczema,
scabies, tumours, ulcers, leprosy, asthma, poisoning etc. In Unani medicinal system, the root of this
plant is diuretic, allays thirst, enriches blood, cures diarrhoea, useful in bronchitis, asthma, liver,
spleen diseases, inflammations, boils, pimple and tonic of these leaves used cure to intestinal diseases,
piles, and a promising appetizer and to cure Good in syphilis and gonorrhoea.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In the present study, the functional group of methanol leaf extract of Tephrosia purpurea was
identified based on peak value of FTIR analysis. The obtained IR spectrum results showed 40 strong
absorption peaks at 3746.0579 cm-1 (strong O-H Stretch, H-Bonded) indicates the presence of
alcohols and phenols and peak at 3412.4279cm-1 specify the aromatics, 3013.2379cm-1,
2923.5679cm-1, 2879.279cm-1 and 2855.179cm-1 (strong and medium C-H Stretch)1455.9979 cm-1,
1383.6879 cm-1(Medium C-H Bend), 723.175 cm-1 (Medium C-H rock)prove the presence of
alkanes which shows a concordance with FTIR peak observed at 1366 with C-H rock for alkanes in
the methanol leaf extract of Annona squamous [22] and peak at 1377 with medium C-H for alkanes in

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the methanol extract of stem of Sacrostemma viminaleae [23,24].The spectral peaks at 2122.28cm-
1(strong N=C=N Stretching) and 1836.86cm-1 (Weak C-H bending) indicates the existence of
carbodiimide and aromatic compound, The peaks at1706.6979cm-1 (Strong C=O Stretching),
1424.17cm-1, 918.914 cm-1 ( Medium O-H bending) indicates the presence of carboxylic acid
showed an agreement with peak at 926 with O-H bend observed for fraction –II methanol extract of
leaves of Leucas aspera [25] and peak at 1599.48 with –C- with antisym stretch of in the methanol
extract of Spheranthus indicus for carboxylic acids [26-28] .
The peaks at 1627.63cm-1, 1654.62cm-1, 1606.41cm-, 977.733, 806.099 and 888.059 (medium and
strong C=C bending) indicates the presence of alkene. Thepeaks at 1504.279cm-1,1531.2
and1482.99strong N-O stretching and asymmetric stretch indicates the presence of nitrocompounds is
similar to that peak value observed at 1519.56 with strong N-O Stretching for nitrocompounds in the
methanol stem extract of Sarcotemma viminaleae [29,30]. The peak at 1297.86cm-1, 1204.3379cm-1,
1067.4179cm-1, 1046.1979cm-1, 1015.3479cm-1, 1531.279cm-1, 1482.9979cm-1, 1324.8679cm-
1,1252.5479cm-1, 1184.0879cm-1, 1142.6279cm-1, and 1118.5179cm-1 with strong C-O stretching
indicates the presence of aromatic ester,vinyl ether, primary alcohol, alkyl aryl ether, ester, aliphatic
ether and secondary alcohol respectively. The peaks at 1359.57 cm-1 with strongS=O Stretching
indicates the presence of sulphonate exhibited a matching with spectral peak at 1072.42 with
SO2symstretch sulphonic acid and 1386.82 SO2 sulfonyl chloride in the methanol leaf extract of
Indigofera tinctoria [29,30].
The present study results of peak at 602.646 cm-1 and 534.185 cm-1 with strong C-Br stretching and
C-l stretching for the presence of halocompounds shows an agreement with peak at 580.09 with C-Cl
stretching and 657.78 with C-Br stretching for halocompounds in the methanol extract of leaf of
Solanum surattense [29,30]. The spectral peaks at 861.06 cm-1 and 788.743 cm-1with strong C–H “oop”
and at 650.858 with strong and broad -C≡C-H: C-H bend indicates the presence of indicates the
presence of aromatic and alkynes respectively showed a resemblance with peak at 2133.27 with -
C≡C- stretch for alkynes in the fraction –I methanol extract of Mollugo lotoides and at 663.51 with -
C≡C-H bending for fraction- II methanol extract of Mollugolotoides [26-28], peak at 2121.7 with -
C≡C- stretch and 2208.49 with- C≡C- stretch for alkynes in the fraction I and II methanol leaf extract
of Tinospora cordifolia.(Fig -1 and Ttable-1)

Fig 1: FTIR peak pattern of methanol leaf extract of Tephrosiapurpurea

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Table 1: FTIR peak value related functional groups and phytocompounds in the methanol leaf extract
of Tephrosia purpurea
S.No Wave Wave Functional group Intensity Phytocompounds
number cm-1 number assignment identified
(reference (cm-1)
article) (Test Sample)
1. - 3746.05 - - Unknown
2. 3500–3200 3412.42 O-H Stretch, H-Bonded strong, Alcohols, phenols
broad
3. 3100–3000 3013.23 C-H Stretch Strong Aromatics
4. 3000–2850 2923.56 C-H Stretch Medium Alkanes
5. 3000–2850 2879.2 C-H Stretching Medium Alkane
6. 3000–2850 2855.1 C-H Stretching Medium Alkane
7. 2145-2120 2122.28 N=C=N Stretching Strong Carbodiimide
8. 2000-1650 1836.86 C-H bending Weak Aromatic compound
9. 1720-1706 1706.69 C=O Stretching Strong Carboxyilc acid
10. 1662-1626 1627.63 C=C stretching Medium Alkene
11. 1658-1648 1654.62 C=C stretching Medium Alkene
12. 1650-1600 1606.41 C=C stretching Medium Conjugated Alkene
13. 1550-1500 1504.2 N-O Stretching Strong Nitro compound
14. 1470–1450 1455.99 C-H Bend Medium Alkanes
15. 1385-1380 1383.68 C-H Bending Medium Alkane
16. 1372-1335 1359.57 S=O Stretching Strong Sulfonate
17. 1310-1250 1297.86 C-O Stretching Strong Aromatic ester
18. 1225-1200 1204.33 C-O stretching Strong Vinyl ether
19. 1085-1050 1067.41 C-O Stretching Strong Primary alcohol
20. 1050-1040 1046.19 CO-O-CO Stretching strong, Anhydride
broad
21. 1320–1000 1015.34 C-O Stretching Strong Alcohols, carboxylic,
acids, esters, ethers
22. 1550-1500 1531.2 N-O stretching Strong Nitro compound
23. 1550–1475 1482.99 N–O asymmetric stretch Strong Nitro compounds
24. 1440-1395 1424.17 O-H bending Medium Carboxylic acid
25. 1342-1266 1324.86 C-N stretching Strong Aromatic amines
26. 1275-1200 1252.54 C-O stretching Strong alkyl aryl ether
27. 1210-1163 1184.08 C-O stretching Strong Ester
28. 1150-1085 1142.62 C-O stretching Strong Aliphatic ether
29. 1124-1087 1118.51 C-O Stretching Strong Secondary alcohol
30. 980-960 977.733 C=C Bending Strong Alkene
31. 840-790 806.099 C=C Bending Medium alkene
32. 690-515 602.646 C-Br Stretching Strong Halo compound
33. 600-500 534.185 C-l Stretching Strong Halo compound
34. - 475.367 - - Unknown
35. 950–910 918.914 O-H Bend Medium Carboxylic acids
36. 895-885 888.059 C=C Bending Strong Alkene
37. 900–675 861.06 C–H “oop” Strong aromatics
38. 900–675 788.743 C-H ‘Oop’’ Strong Aromatics
39. 725–720 723.175 C-H rock Medium Alkanes
40. 700–610 650.858 -C≡C-H: C-H Bend Broad, Alkynes
,strong

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FTIR Phytochemical … Dr.K.Shameem Rani et al.

CONCLUSION

The plant Tephrosia purpurea L. is a small perennial erect herb available throughout
Tamilnadu in the waste lands. Present study was designed to find out the bioactive
phytocompounds present in the leaf of methanol extract of Tephrosia purpurea L. by using
an instrument Fourier transforms infrared spectres copy.FTIR analysis showed the presence of
40 spectral peaks at different reference ranges indicates the presence of functional groups
such as alcohols, phenols, aromatics, alkanes, carbodiimide, aromatic compound, carboxyilc
acid, alkene, nitro compounds, sulfonate, aromatic ester,aromatic amines, alkyl aryl ether,
ester, aliphatic ether and secondary alcohol. The functional group of methanol leaf extract of
Tephrosia purpurea was identified based on peak value of FTIR analysis.

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*Corresponding Author: Dr.M.Chandran

Professor, Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamilnadu,
India
Online publication Date: 26.09.2021

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DOI: 10.24214/IJGHC/GC/10/4/32936.