NEW FROM UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS

Jurists and Jurisprudence

in Medieval Italy
Texts and Contexts
Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner

Toronto Studies in Medieval Law

Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy is an original collection

of texts exemplifying medieval Italian jurisprudence, known as
the ius commune. Translated for the first time into English, many
of the texts exist only in early printed editions and manuscripts.
Featuring commentaries by leading medieval civil law jurists,
notably Azo Portius, Accursius, Albertus Gandinus, Bartolus of
Sassoferrato, and Baldus de Ubaldis, this book covers a wide range
of topics, including how to teach and study law, the production
of legal texts, the ethical norms guiding practitioners, civil and
criminal procedures, and family matters.

The translations, together with context-setting introductions, Cloth | 866 pages

highlight fundamental legal concepts and practices and the ISBN: 9781487507480 | $125.00
milieu in which jurists operated. They offer entry points for Save 25% on utorontopress.com
exploring perennial subjects such as the professionalization of
lawyers, the tangled relationship between law and morality, the
role of gender in the socio-legal order, and the extent to which
the ius commune can be considered an autonomous system of law.

Osvaldo Cavallar is Professor Emeritus at Nanzan University (Nagoya, Japan).

Julius Kirshner is Professor Emeritus of Medieval and Renaissance History at the University of Chicago.

PRAISE for Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy:

“No book in English has nearly the scope and depth of Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy. Sharing a rich
variety of documents extending beyond Florence to places like Perugia and Cortona, this book is a serious advance
on existing research, and all the more important for the topics the authors have brought to clearer light.”
—Thomas Izbicki, Librarian Emeritus, Rutgers University

“A major contribution to scholarship and research, this work gives access to original and fundamental legal
sources and provides an updated bibliography on each selected topic. It also promotes a method of interpretation
of legal texts in their social and political contexts that should be used as a model for legal historical scholarship
and teaching.”
—Laurent Mayali, Lloyd M. Robbins Professor of Law, UC Berkeley

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface by Lawrin Armstrong
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Short Titles
Introduction
1. Professors and Students
1. Foundations
1.1. The Constitution Consilium [I] (ca. 1393–1396)
Habita of Emperor Frederick I
Barbarossa (1155/58)
1.2. Accursius’s Glosses to
the Constitution Habita
1.3. Students as Citizens in
the Statutes of Modena
(1327)
2. “We Give You the Licence to
Teach Here and Everywhere”
2.1. Baldus de Ubaldis,
Consilium on the Studium
Generale of Milan (ca. 1393-
1396)
3. Privileges of Doctors and
Students
3.1. Simon of Borsano,
Privileges of Doctors and
Students (1361-1370)
4. How to Teach and Study
Canon and Civil Law
4.1. Franciscus de Zabarellis,
How to Teach and Study
Canon and Civil Law (ca.
1410)
5. The Many Dwelling Places of
Civil Wisdom
5.1. Bartolus of Sassoferrato,
Oration on Conferring the
Doctorate of Law
6. Death Benefits
6.1. Consilium of Jacobus
Niccoli (1400)
7. Hired Hands
7.1. Azo, Hiring (1208-1210)
7.2. Rainerius of Perugia,
Leasing out a Work to be
Copied (1242)
7.3. Salatiele, Copyists and
Other Persons Obligating
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Themselves to Perform
Services [Contract and
Glosses] (1248-1254)
7.4. Rolandinus de Passegeriis,
Hiring Another Person’s
Services to Copy a Work
(1273)
8. Law Students’ Books
8.1. Baldus de Ubaldis,
8.2. Baldus de Ubaldis,
Consilium [II] (ca. 1393–1396)
9. “Many Books”
9.1. Oldradus de Ponte,
Whether It Is Advantageous to
Have Many Books (ca. 1320s)
10. Nobility, Usefulness, and
Origin of Law
10.1. Doctoral Oration (ca.
1450)
2. Legal Profession
11. Advocates
11.1. Guilelmus Durantis,
Mirror of Law (ca. 1284-1289)
12. Fees
12.1. Azo, Quaestio disputata
13. Proof of a Doctoral Degree
13.1. Certifying a Judge’s
Doctoral Degree in Florence
(1374)
14. Bella Figura: Florentine Jurists
and Their Wives
14.1. Deliberation of the
Guild of Judges and Notaries
of Florence (9 Sept. 1366)
14.2. Provisions of Florence’s
Sumptuary Laws, 1377 and
1388
14.3. Stephanus de Bonacursis
and Others, Consilium on the
Exemption of Jurists and Their
Wives from Florence’s
Sumptuary Laws (1390)
15. A Waste of Time
15.1. Franco Sacchetti,
Novella XL (ca. 1392)
16. “From the Mouth of God”
16.1. Eulogy of Marianus
Socinus the Elder of Siena
(1467)
3. Civil and Criminal
Procedure
17. Civil Procedure
17.1. Civil Procedure in the
Statutes of Florence (1415)
18. Consilium Sapientis
18.1. Requesting a consilium
sapientis, Statutes of Florence
(1415)
19. Witnesses
19.1. Treatise on Witnesses
(Scientiam) (ca. 1230s)
20. False Testimony
20.1. Franciscus de
Guicciardinis, Consilium (ca.
1505-1516)
21. Criminal Procedure
21.1. Albertus Gandinus,
Tract on Crimes (1300)
21.2. Judicial Inquiry of
Albertus Gandinus against
Cambinus Belli of Florence
(1289)
21.3. Expenses Incurred
during a Trial (1298)
4. Crime
22. Wounds from Assault
22.1. Tract on Wounds
23. Self-defence
23.1. Baldus de Ubaldis,
Consilium (ca. 1384)
24. Vendetta
24.1. Baldus de Ubaldis,
Consilium (ca. 1391–1393)
25. Adultery
25.1. Ivus de Coppolis,
Consilium (ca. 1420–1441)
26. Abortion
26.1. Digest, Glossa, and
Bartolus of Sassoferrato
26.2. Statutes of Biella (1245)
26.3. Statutes of Siena (1309)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
26.4. Statutes of Castiglion
Aretino (1384)
26.5. Albericus of Rosciate,
Questions Concerning
Statutes (1358)
5. Personal and Civic Status
27. Serfdom
27.1. Martinus of Fano, Serfs
(ca. 1256-1259)
27.2. Martinus of Fano,
Notarial Forms for Drafting
Contracts and Written
Complaints (ca. 1232)
28. Citizenship
28.1. Statutes of Arezzo
(1327): “Rubrics on Making
New Citizens”
29. Citizen Bartolus
29.1. Petition to Grant
Bartolus of Sassoferrato
and His Brother Bonacursius
Perugian Citizenship (1348)
30. Making New Citizens
30.1. Bartolus of
Sassoferrato, Consilium
31. Dual Citizenship
31.1. An Anonymous
Opinion and Baldus de
Ubaldis, Consilium (ca. 1376-
1379)
32. Loss and Reacquisition of
Citizenship
32.1. Angelus de Ubaldis,
Consilium
33. Married Women’s
Citizenship (1)
33.1. Digest, Code, Glossa,
and Bartolus of Sassoferrato
34. Married Women’s
Citizenship (2)
34.1. Jacobus de Fermo,
Consilium (ca. 1400)
34.2. Dionisius de Barigianis,
Consilium (ca. post 1411)
35. Jews as Citizens
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35.1. Ordinance on the
Privileges and Obligations
of Jewish Residents of Perugia
(1381)
6. Family Matters
36. Paternal Power (Patria
Potestas)
36.1. Institutes (1.9): “Paternal
Power”
36.2. Glosses to Institutes
(1.9): “Paternal Power”
36.3. Angelus de
Gambilionibus, Commentary
to § Ius autem (Inst. 1.9.2) (ca.
1441-1449)
36.4. Statutes of Perugia
(1342): “Damnable Children
Harming Their Own Parents”
36.5. Statutes of Chianciano
(1287): “Contract Made by a
Son-in-Power”
36.6. Albericus of Rosciate,
Questions Concerning Statutes
(1358)
36.7. Franciscus de
Guicciardinis, Consilium (ca.
1505–1516)
37. Children Born Illegitimately
37.1. Benedictus de Barzis,
Children Born Illegitimately
(1456)
38. Contracting Marriage in Late
Medieval Florence
38.1. Betrothal Contract
(Sponsalitium) (1391)
38.2. Contracting Marriage
(Anulum) (1391)
39. Dowries
39.1. Martinus Gosia, The Law
of Dowries (ca. 1140)
40. Vested Interests
40.1. Bartolus of Sassoferrato,
Commentary to Dig. 24. 3.
66. 1, In his rebus quas, §
Servis uxoris
40.2. Angelus de Ubaldis,
Consilium
40.3. Petrus de Albisis,
Consilium
41. Prohibition of Gifts between
Husband and Wife
41.1. Dig. 24. 1. 1, Moribus
41.2. Dig. 24. 1. 2, Non
cessat
41.3. Baldus de Ubaldis, [First]
Commentary to Dig. 24. 1. 1,
Moribus
41.4. Baldus de Ubaldis,
[Second] Commentary to Dig.
24. 1. 1, Moribus
41.5. Baldus de Ubaldis,
Consilium (ca. 1396-1400)
42. Remarriage of Widows and
Conflicting Claims to the Dowry
42.1. Franciscus de
Albergottis, Consilium (ca.
1362-1364)
42.2. Baldus de Ubaldis,
Consilium (ca. 1362-1364)
43. Testamentary and Intestate
Succession
43.1. Bartolus of Sassoferrato,
Last Will (1356)
43.2. Bartolus of Sassoferrato,
Consilium on Succession in
stirpes or in capita
43.3. Bartolus of Sassoferrato,
Consilium on Succession by
Line of Descent
43.4. Angelus de Ubaldis,
Consilium
44. Fraternal Households
44.1. Jacobus de Balduinis,
Brothers Living Together (ca.
post 1213)
45. Support
45.1. Martinus de Fano,
Support (ca. 1265-1272)
Glossary
Appendix 1. The Medieval
System of Legal Citations
Appendix 2. Selected Jurists
Index