NAME _____________________________________________ DATE ____________________________ PERIOD _____________

5-1 Study Guide and Intervention

Operations with Polynomials
Multiply and Divide Monomials Negative exponents are a way of expressing the multiplicative inverse of a number.
1 1
Negative Exponents 𝑎−𝑛 = and = 𝑎𝑛 for any real number a ≠ 0 and any integer n.
𝑎𝑛 𝑎 −𝑛

When you simplify an expression, you rewrite it without powers of powers, parentheses, or negative exponents. Each
base appears only once, and all fractions are in simplest form. The following properties are useful when simplifying
expressions.

Product of Powers 𝑎𝑚 ∙ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 for any real number a and integers m and n.

𝑎𝑚
Quotient of Powers = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 for any real number a ≠ 0 and integers m and n.
𝑎𝑛

For a, b real numbers and m, n integers:

(𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛
(𝑎𝑏)𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚 𝑏 𝑚
Properties of Powers 𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛
( ) = b≠0
𝑏 𝑏 𝑛′
𝑎 −𝑛 𝑏 𝑛 𝑏𝑛
( ) = ( ) or a ≠ 0,b ≠ 0
𝑏 𝑎 𝑎𝑛′

Example: Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.

a. (𝟑𝒎𝟒 𝒏−𝟐 )(−𝟓𝒎𝒏)𝟐 (−𝒎𝟒 )𝟑
4 −2 2 4 −2 2 2
b. (𝟐𝒎𝟐)−𝟐
(3𝑚 𝑛 )(−5𝑚𝑛) = 3𝑚 𝑛 ⋅25𝑚 𝑛
(−𝑚4 )𝟑 −𝑚12
= 75𝑚4 𝑚2 𝑛−2 𝑛2 = 𝟏
(2𝑚2 )−𝟐
4+2 −2+2 𝟒𝑚4
= 75𝑚 𝑛
6 = −𝑚12 ⋅ 4𝑚4
= 75𝑚
= –4𝑚16

Exercises:
Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.
𝑏8
1. 𝑐12 ⋅ 𝑐 −4 ⋅ 𝑐 6 𝒄𝟏𝟒 2.𝑏2 𝒃𝟔 3.(𝑎4 )5 𝒂𝟐𝟎
𝒚𝟐 −1 2 𝒙𝟐
𝑥 −2 𝑦 𝑎2 𝑏 𝒃 𝑥2𝑦
4.𝑥 4 𝑦−1 5.(𝑎−3 𝑏2 ) 6. (𝑥𝑦3 )
𝒙𝟔 𝒂𝟓 𝒚𝟒
1 𝟐𝟓 8𝑚3 𝑛2 𝟐𝒎𝟐
7. 2 (−5𝑎2 𝑏 3 )2 (𝑎𝑏𝑐)2 𝒂𝟔 𝒃𝟖 𝒄𝟐 8. 𝑚7 ⋅ 𝑚8 𝒎𝟏𝟓 9. 4𝑚𝑛3
𝟐 𝒏
23 𝑐 4 𝑡 2 −2 2 3 −7 𝟏𝟐𝒋𝟐 2𝑚𝑛2 (3𝑚2 𝑛)2 𝟑
10.22 𝑐 4 𝑡 2 2 11. 4j(–𝑗 𝑘 )(3𝑗 𝑘 ) – 12. 12𝑚3 𝑛4 𝒎𝟐
𝒌𝟓 𝟐

Chapter 5 5 Glencoe Algebra 2

NAME _____________________________________________ DATE ____________________________ PERIOD _____________

5-1 Study Guide and Intervention(continued)

Operations with Polynomials
Operations with Polynomials

Polynomial a monomial or a sum of monomials

Like Terms terms that have the same variable(s) raised to the same power(s)

To add or subtract polynomials, perform the indicated operations and combine like terms.

Example 1: Simplify 𝟒𝒙𝒚𝟐 + 12xy–𝟕𝒙𝟐 𝒚–(20xy + 𝟓𝒙𝒚𝟐–𝟖𝒙𝟐 𝒚).

4𝑥𝑦 2 + 12xy –7𝑥 2 𝑦–(20xy + 5𝑥𝑦 2 –8𝑥 2 𝑦)
= 4𝑥𝑦 2 + 12xy –7𝑥 2 𝑦–20xy –5𝑥𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 2 𝑦 Distribute the minus sign.
2 2 2 2
= (–7𝑥 𝑦+ 8𝑥 𝑦) + (4𝑥𝑦 –5𝑥𝑦 ) + (12xy –20xy) Group like terms.
2 2
= 𝑥 𝑦–𝑥𝑦 –8xy Combine like terms.

You use the distributive property when you multiply polynomials. When multiplying binomials, the FOIL pattern is
helpful.

To multiply two binomials, add the products of

FOIL Pattern
F the first terms,O the outer terms,I the inner terms,and L the last terms.

Example 2: Find (6x – 5)(2x + 1).

(6x –5)(2x + 1) = 6x · 2x + 6x · 1 + (–5) · 2x + (–5) · 1

First terms Outer terms Inner terms Last terms

= 12𝑥 2 + 6x –10x –5 Multiply monomials.

= 12𝑥 2 –4x –5 Add like terms.

Exercises:
Simplify.
1. (6𝑥 2 –3x + 2) –(4𝑥 2 + x –3) 2𝒙𝟐 – 4x + 5 2. (7𝑦 2 + 12xy –5𝑥 2 ) + (6xy –4𝑦 2 –3𝑥 2 ) 3𝒚𝟐 + 18xy – 8𝒙𝟐
3. (–4𝑚2 –6m) –(6m + 4𝑚2 ) –8𝒎𝟐 – 12m 4. 27𝑥 2 –5𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 2 –14𝑥 2 13𝒙𝟐 + 7𝒚𝟐
1 3 1 1 1 3
5. 4 𝑥 2 – 8 𝑥𝑦+ 2 𝑦 2 –2 𝑥𝑦+ 4 𝑦 2 –8 𝑥 2 6. 24𝑝3 –15𝑝2 + 3p –15𝑝3 + 13𝑝2 –7p
𝟏 𝟕 𝟑
− 𝟖 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖 𝒙𝒚 + 𝟒 𝒚𝟐 9𝒑𝟑 – 2𝒑𝟐 – 4p
Find each product.
7. 2x(3𝑥 2 –5) 6𝒙𝟑 –10x 8. 7a(6 –2a –𝑎2 ) 42a – 14𝒂𝟐 – 7𝒂𝟑
9. (𝑥 2 –2)(𝑥 2 –5) 𝒙𝟒 – 7𝒙𝟐 + 10 10. (x + 1)(2𝑥 2 –3x + 1) 2𝒙𝟑 – 𝒙𝟐 – 2x + 1
11. (2𝑛2 –3)(𝑛2 + 5n –1) 12. (x –1)(𝑥 2 –3x + 4)
𝟒 𝟑 𝟐
2𝒏 + 10𝒏 – 5𝒏 – 15n + 3 𝒙𝟑 – 4𝒙𝟐 + 7x – 4

Chapter 3 6 Glencoe Algebra 2