M3 - Problem Set - Introduction To Statistics-2021 - Lagios

11/27/21, 4:55 PM M3: Problem Set: Introduction to Statistics-2021- Lagios
M3: Problem Set

Due
No due date
Points
5
Questions
11
Time Limit
None
Attempt History
Attempt Time Score
LATEST Attempt 1
110 minutes 0 out of 5
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Submitted Nov 27 at 6:22am
This attempt took 110 minutes.
Question 1 Not yet graded

/ 0 pts
According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

(NOAA), between 1851 and 2013 there were 290 hurricanes that hit the
U.S. Coast. Of these, 117 were Category 1 hurricanes, 76 were Category
2 hurricanes, 76 were Category 3 hurricanes, 18 were Category 4
hurricanes, and 3 were Category 5 hurricanes.
Make a probability distribution for this data. If a hurricane hits the U.S.
coast, what is the probability that the hurricane will be a Category 1
hurricane.
Your Answer:
Category Probability
1 117/290=.403
2 76/290=.262
3 76/290=.262
4 18/290=.062
5 5/290=.011
https://portagelearning.instructure.com/courses/944/quizzes/24488 1/13
Solution:
We can see from the probability distribution, that if a hurricane hits

the U.S. coast, there is a .403 probability that it is a category 1
hurricane.

/ 0 pts
Find the answer to each of the following by first reducing the fractions as
much as possible:
a) P(17,8)=
b) C(19,15)=
Your Answer:
a) P(n,r) = n!/ (n-r)!
P(17,8)=(17!/9!) =17*(16)*(15)*(14)*(13)*(12)*(11)*(10)= 980,179,200
b) C(19,15)= C(n,r)= n!/ ( r!(n-r)!)
C(19,15)= 19!/ (15!(4!)) =19*(18)*(17)*(16)/ ((4)*(3)*(2)*(1))
=3876
Solution.
a) For permutations, we will use:
b) For combinations, we will use:

/ 0 pts
Suppose you are going to make a password that consists of 5 characters

chosen from {2,3,6,7,a,c,k,n,p}. How many different passwords can you
make if you cannot use any character more than once in each password?
Your Answer:
P(n,r)= n!/ (n-r)!
P(9,5)= 9!/ 5!= 9*(8)*(7)*(6)*(5) = 15,120
Solution.
For passwords, order matters. For example, the password 63pn2

is different than the password p2n36 even though both passwords
use the exact same characters. Therefore, we want to count the
total number of ways that we can choose and order the characters.
That means that we should use permutations.
We have a total number of nine characters to choose from, so n=9.

We will be selecting five characters, so r=5. We will use:

/ 0 pts
Suppose that 10 countries submit bids for the summer Olympics. The
Olympic committee will select 4 finalists out of these 10 countries. In how
many ways can the Olympic committee pick these 10 finalists?
Your Answer:
C(n,r)= n! / ( r!(n-r)! )
C(10,4)= 10!/ ( 4!(10-4)!) = 10!/ (4!(6!)) = 10*(9)*(8)*(7)/ (4*(3)*(2)*(1))

= 210
Solution.
Here order does not matter. So, we will use combinations. There
are ten countries to choose from, so n=10. Four countries will be
chosen, so r=4. We will use

/ 0 pts
Suppose A and B are two events with probabilities:
Find the following:
Your Answer:
a) P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)
= .4 + .45 - .25
= .6
b) P(A) + P(A') = 1
0.4 + P(A') = 1
P(A') = 0.6
c) P(B) + P(B') = 1
0.45 + P(B') = 1
P(B') = 0.55
Solution.
We are given:

/ 0 pts
Find the following:
Your Answer:
a) P(A ∩ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A UB)
= (1-P(A')) + .25 - .75
= (1-.4) + .25 - .75
= 0.1
b) P(A) = 1-P(A') = 1-.4 = .6
c) P(B') = 1-P(B) = 1-.25 = .75
D) P((A∩ B)')= 1- P(AUB)
= 1 - .75
= .25
Solution.
We are given:

/ 0 pts
Your Answer:
a) P (A|B) = P(A ∩ B)/ P(B)
= .25/.4 = .625
b) P (B|A) = P(A ∩ B)/ P(A)
= .25/.5 = .5
Solution.
We are given:

/ 0 pts
Your Answer:
P(A ∩ B)= P(A) * P(B|A)
= (1-P(A')) * P(B|A)
= (1-.3) * .4
= .28
Solution.
We are given:

/ 0 pts
Suppose that in a certain type of washing machine that the probability that
a belt will fail is .03 and the probability that the agitator will fail is .01. The
probability that the belt and the agitator will fail simultaneously is .008.
Suppose that you discover that the belt in a washing machine failed, what
is the probability that the agitator has also failed?
Your Answer:
B the event that the belt fails.
A the event that the agitator will fail.
Then P(A) = .01, P(B) = .03, P(A ∩ B) =.008
So, the probability that the agitator has failed, given that the belt has failed
is expressed as:
P (A|B) = P(A ∩ B)/ P(B)
= .008/.03 = .267
Solution
Suppose that in a certain type of washing machine that the

probability that a belt will fail is .03 and the probability that the
agitator will fail is .01. The probability that the belt and the
agitator will fail simultaneously is .008. Suppose that you
discover that the belt in a washing machine failed, what is the
probability that the agitator has also failed?
Let’s call:
B the event that the belt fails.
A the event that the agitator will fail.
Then P(A) = .01, P(B) = .03, P(A ∩ B) =.008
So, the probability that the agitator has failed, given that the belt
has failed is expressed as:

/ 0 pts
In a manufacturing plant, three machines A,B, and C produce 40 %, 35 %,

and 25 %, respectively, of the total production. The company's quality
control department determined that 1 % of the items produced by
machine A, 1.5 % of the items produced by machine B, and 2 % of the
items produced by machine C are defective. If an item is selected at
random and found to be defective, what is the probability that it was

produced by machine B?
Your Answer:
A .40(.01def) .004 of the total def
B .35(.015def) .00525 of the total def
C .25 (.02def) .005 of the total def
Total def = .0143 total def
Now,
P(A|B) = P(A and B)/P(B)=
P(B|def) = .00525/.0143 = 0.367
Solution
In a manufacturing plant, three machines A, B, and C produce

40 %, 35 %, and 25 %, respectively, of the total parts
production. The company's quality control department
determined that 1 % of the parts produced by machine A, 1.5
% of the parts produced by machine B, and 2 % of the parts
produced by machine C are defective. If a part is selected at
random and found to be defective, what is the probability that
it was produced by machine B?
If we use Def to designate “defective”.
We are told that given that a part was produced by machine A, the
probability that it has a defect is: P(Def |A) = .01.
We are told that given that a part was produced by machine B, the
probability that it has a defect is: P(Def |B) =.015.
We are told that given that a part was produced by machine C, the
probability that it has a defect is: P(Def |C) =.02.
Furthermore, we are told that the probability that a part was

produced by machine A, B, and C, are respectively:
P(A) = .40, P(B) = .35, P (C) = .25.
We want to find P ( B |Def), so use:

/ 5 pts
As a reminder, the questions in this review quiz are a requirement of the

course and the best way to prepare for the module exam. Did you
complete all questions in their entirety and show your work?
Your Answer:
yes
Quiz Score:
0 out of 5

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11/27/21, 4:55 PM M3: Problem Set: Introduction to Statistics-2021- Lagios

M3: Problem Set

* Some questions not yet graded

Score for this quiz:

Question 1 Not yet graded

According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

We can see from the probability distribution, that if a hurricane hits

Question 2 Not yet graded

P(17,8)=(17!/9!) =17*(16)*(15)*(14)*(13)*(12)*(11)*(10)= 980,179,200

b) C(19,15)= C(n,r)= n!/ ( r!(n-r)!)

C(19,15)= 19!/ (15!(4!)) =19*(18)*(17)*(16)/ ((4)*(3)*(2)*(1))

a) For permutations, we will use:

b) For combinations, we will use:

Question 3 Not yet graded

Suppose you are going to make a password that consists of 5 characters

P(n,r)= n!/ (n-r)!

P(9,5)= 9!/ 5!= 9*(8)*(7)*(6)*(5) = 15,120

For passwords, order matters. For example, the password 63pn2

We have a total number of nine characters to choose from, so n=9.

Question 4 Not yet graded

C(10,4)= 10!/ ( 4!(10-4)!) = 10!/ (4!(6!)) = 10*(9)*(8)*(7)/ (4*(3)*(2)*(1))

Question 5 Not yet graded

Suppose A and B are two events with probabilities:

Find the following:

a) P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

Question 6 Not yet graded

Suppose A and B are two events with probabilities:

Find the following:

a) P(A ∩ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A UB)

= (1-P(A')) + .25 - .75

= (1-.4) + .25 - .75

b) P(A) = 1-P(A') = 1-.4 = .6

c) P(B') = 1-P(B) = 1-.25 = .75

D) P((A∩ B)')= 1- P(AUB)

Question 7 Not yet graded

Suppose A and B are two events with probabilities:

a) P (A|B) = P(A ∩ B)/ P(B)

b) P (B|A) = P(A ∩ B)/ P(A)

Question 8 Not yet graded

Suppose A and B are two events with probabilities:

P(A ∩ B)= P(A) * P(B|A)

Question 9 Not yet graded

B the event that the belt fails.

A the event that the agitator will fail.

Then P(A) = .01, P(B) = .03, P(A ∩ B) =.008

P (A|B) = P(A ∩ B)/ P(B)

Suppose that in a certain type of washing machine that the

B the event that the belt fails.

A the event that the agitator will fail.

Then P(A) = .01, P(B) = .03, P(A ∩ B) =.008

Question 10 Not yet graded

In a manufacturing plant, three machines A,B, and C produce 40 %, 35 %,

random and found to be defective, what is the probability that it was

B .35(.015def) .00525 of the total def

C .25 (.02def) .005 of the total def

Total def = .0143 total def

P(A|B) = P(A and B)/P(B)=

P(B|def) = .00525/.0143 = 0.367

In a manufacturing plant, three machines A, B, and C produce

If we use Def to designate “defective”.

Furthermore, we are told that the probability that a part was

P(A) = .40, P(B) = .35, P (C) = .25.

We want to find P ( B |Def), so use:

P(17,8)=(17!/9!) =17(16)(15)(14)(13)(12)(11)*(10)= 980,179,200

C(19,15)= 19!/ (15!(4!)) =19(18)(17)(16)/ ((4)(3)(2)(1))

P(9,5)= 9!/ 5!= 9(8)(7)(6)(5) = 15,120

C(10,4)= 10!/ ( 4!(10-4)!) = 10!/ (4!(6!)) = 10(9)(8)(7)/ (4(3)(2)(1))