Law School

Law Discipline
Khulna University

An Assignment on COP 26 with Special Reference of

Bangladesh
Course Code: LJ 4203
Course Title: Principles of Environmental Law

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Ehshan Mazid Mustafa Shifat Alam

Lecturer Student ID: 172824

Law Discipline 4th year, 2nd Term

Khulna University Law Discipline

Khulna University

Date of Submission

20 November 2021
Introduction: COP means "Conference of the Parties" (COP).This is a United Nations initiative.
The COP meets every year, unless the Parties decide otherwise. This time the 26th conference of
the Cup took place. That is why it is called 'COP-26'.1The COP 26 UN Climate Change
Conference, hosted by the United Kingdom in collaboration with Italy, took place from October
31 to November 12, 2021, at the Scottish Event Campus (SEC) in Glasgow, United Kingdom. In
light of the global impact of COVID-19, the UNFCCC COP Bureau, in collaboration with the
UK and its Italian partners, decided to reschedule the conference, which was originally
scheduled for November 2020. The rescheduling of the conference allowed all parties to focus
on the issues to be discussed at this critical conference and provided more time for the necessary
preparations to take place. We will continue to collaborate with all stakeholders to raise climate
ambition, build resilience, and reduce emissions.

History:2 The first conference (COP1) was held in 1995 in Berlin. At COP3 held in Kyoto,
Japan, in 1997, the famous Kyoto Protocol was adopted. It commits the member states to pursue
limitation or reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. It entered into force on 16 February 2005
and there are 192 Parties in the Kyoto Protocol. One of the most important conferences, COP21
took place from November 30 to December 11, 2015, in Paris, France. Member countries agreed
to work together to ‘limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius,
compared to pre-industrial levels.’

COP formation: The Conference of Parties is part of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which was established in 1994. The UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was established to work toward "stabilization of
greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere." It outlined the member states' responsibilities,
which included:

 Developing climate change mitigation strategies

 Working together to prepare for the effects of climate change.
 Promoting climate change education, training, and public awareness

COP26 Goals:

 Secure global net zero by mid-century and keep 1.5 degrees within reach
 Adapt to protect communities and natural habitats
 Mobilize finance
 Work together to deliver

1
‘Glasgow Climate Change Conference – October-November 2021 | UNFCCC’
<https://unfccc.int/conference/glasgow-climate-change-conference-october-november-2021> accessed 20
November 2021.
2
‘Explained: COP26 Climate Conference and Why It Is Important’ (The Indian Express, 26 October 2021)
<https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/cop26-climate-conference-and-why-it-is-important-7574493/>
accessed 20 November 2021.
WHY IS COP 26 SO IMPORTANT?

This year's COP comes at an especially critical time. Climate change has risen to the top of the
global agenda, with the UN Secretary-General labeling the recent Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change report a "code red for humanity." Given the devastation caused by climate
change this year, from drought and wildfires to severe flooding and rising sea levels, countries
must decisively increase their climate mitigation ambition. Furthermore, this COP serves as a
deadline for countries to submit new and improved nationally determined contributions (NDCs)
for 2030, which are pledges made by countries every five years under the Paris Agreement. A
successful COP 26 marked by strong country commitments will be critical in keeping the Paris
Agreement goal of limiting warming to 1.5°C above preindustrial levels on track.

COP 26 and Bangladesh: Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh has made four demands to
world leaders in COP26.They are given below:
3
First, the major emitters must submit and implement ambitious NDCs.

Second, developed countries should follow through on their commitments to contribute $100
billion per year, with a 50:50 split between adaptation and mitigation.

Third, developed countries should make clean and green technology available to the world's
poorest countries at reasonable prices. The CVF countries' development needs must also be
considered.

Fourth, the issue of loss and damage must be addressed, including global responsibility for
climate migrants displaced by sea-level rise, increased salinity, river erosion, floods, and
draughts.

Bangladesh has doubled its climate-related expenditures in the last seven years and is currently
preparing a National Adaptation Plan to address climate change, according to Prime Minister
Sheikh Hasina's National Statement delivered at the COP 26.

Conclusion: If all the measures proposed here are considered by COP 26 and put into practice
around the world, the future of planet Earth will not be compromised by catastrophic global
climate change.

3
‘COP 26: National Statement by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’ (Dhaka Tribune, 2 November 2021)
<https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/11/02/cop-26-national-statement-by-prime-minister-sheikh-
hasina> accessed 20 November 2021.