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Individual task

ETNOECOPEDOLOGY

By:

MANTASIA

NIM. D1D118055

DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
HALU OLEO UNIVERSITY
VEHICLE
2021
 PIG

INTRODUCTION

1.1. introduction
The study of soil, especially in the field of classification, is generally more
based on pedological knowledge. Nationally, HITI in 1987 established the USDA
Land Taxonomy for use in Indonesia. This system is comprehensive, systematic,
quantitative and logical. This system is based on the properties of the soil itself, thus
allowing all soils to be classified. A common understanding of a land is a necessary
condition for establishing useful communication. It is also said that one of the
functions of land classification is to facilitate communication regarding matters
involving land, both among academics and the general public. Certain communities
already have holistic knowledge of the surrounding land for various purposes of their
life,
Traditional farmers who maintain a deep understanding of their local knowledge
of soil and soil management play an important role in developing a more sustainable
agricultural system especially in terms of land management (Dawoe, 2012).

Accurate land assessment is very important because many land uses depend on
land and therefore the unavailability of land data can lead to errors in the sustainable
management of land resources (Nwanko, 2011).

Soil health is the ability of the soil to function and provide the well-being of
humans, plants and animals (Kibblewhitegetal., 2008). These include attributes, such
as soil or organic matter, soil pH, nutrient levels, and prevalence of pests versus
beneficial organisms, as well as physical properties, such as soil depth, compaction,
and water infiltration.
 Soil health assessment can be carried out first, using taste and
olfactory sensors; second, systematic assessment; and third, collaborative assessment.
Human taste and smell sensors can be used to check for healthy or unhealthy soil.
Healthy soil is characterized by loose, porous soil, rich in organic matter, and rich in
soil micro-organisms. Usually by smell, healthy soil smells like Geosmin, which is
produced by fungi and bacteria. This method is not guaranteed accuracy.

1.2. Goals and usage

The purpose of this paper is to find out how the community understands in
analyzing local perceptions of soil properties and processes, local soil classification
and taxonomy, local land use and management, and how land is valued locally.

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 Ethnopedology for solving problems of soil management and sustainable agriculture
implementation in West Africa Savannah regions.

For better access to indigenous knowledge, every modern scientific discipline

must develop appropriate methods. A method applicable in ethnopedology was
proposed in Mali (Diallo et al., 1998). This should include a survey
local perception of soil, conventional field soil characterization, and analysis of soil
samples in the laboratory. Previously, the physical context of the study had to be
defined relative to the known agroecological zone framework. The people whose
knowledge is sought by research should be clearly identified in terms of the linguistic
and socio-economic frameworks well.
Ethnopedology of information quality
The quality of information from ethnopedology is an important factor when
asking questions to introduce this information in complex databases. Studies carried
out by academic institutions, particularly in Africa, allow today an analysis of the
quality of soil information from ethnopedology
The structure of the soil classification in ethnopedology
The soil classifications studied in Mali (Dabin, 1951; Diallo and Keita, 1995; Diallo
et al., 1998) are mostly derived from the bambara and mallinke ethnic groups, which
are within the same dialectal entity (Manding dialect). Manding dialect is
spoken language in many countries in West Africa (Burkina Faso, Gambia, Guinea,
Ivory Coast, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone). The criteria used to distinguish soils are
topographic position, texture and gravel content and the color of the surface horizon.

Ethnopedological information and database development for sustainable soil

management and agriculture
Environmental management and implementation of sustainable agriculture. In
this order, attention can be paid to local classification systems, local people's
perceptions of each soil type (this is the nature, capability and sensitivity to key
processes, such as fertility decline, weed breeding, runoff and erosion). However,
data from conventional academic studies are very useful and irreplaceable. But it is
important to manage their acquisition and use with utmost care. They should include
data related to the biophysical and climatic context, socioeconomic characteristics,
and market information at both global and local levels. Ethnopedological information
as described above,
can be used in database for soil
Information enables their integration in large and dynamic databases for better
soil and environmental management and sustainable agriculture. The database should
also include information from conventional academic studies (such as biophysical,
socio-economic and market studies).

2.2 Amazonian land: ethnopedology and sustainable development

The Amazon region is located in the northern part of South America and
covers an area of about 6 million km², has a population of 23,596,953 and occupies
the entire Northern Territory State, plus the state of Mato Grosso, western Maranhão
and the five municipalities of Goiás . The Amazonian vegetation is quite diverse, with
climate change during the Pleistocene driving significant changes. Currently, the
Amazon has a phytophysiognomy ranging from savanna, cerrados, with forest
domains in the most varied phytophysiognomy and closely related to climate and soil.
Amazon's pedological diversity is legal
In the Amazon, soil diversity is a reflection of formation factors such as relief,
geology, climate, biotic and landscape features. The most central part (Amazonas
state) is characterized by sedimentary regions, namely tertiary to Holocene sediments,
which are associated with Dystrophic and Dystrocohesive YELLOW HATSIL,
Dystrophic YELLOW HARVESTIS, and PLINTOSOL. The main soil classes
characterized and mapped to date in the state of Roraima are: Latosols, Ultisols,
Gleissolos, Plinthsols, Fluvic Neosols and Quartzarenic Neosols, which are generally
dystrophic and acidic (EMBRAPA, 1990a; 1990b; VALE JÚNIOR, 2000; VALE
JÚNIOR, 2000; VALE JÚNIOR et al., 2007; MELO et al., 2006). sodium
(SCHAEFER et al., 1993). While under the forest are described and mapped as
follows: Red-Yellow Latosol, Red-Yellow Ultisol, Yellow Ultisol,
Ethnopedology in the Amazon
From the popular knowledge of the Slavic peoples about soil cultivation,
modern pedology was born, together with V. Dokuchaev, in the last quarter of the
19th century. Thus, the Russian etymologies of names such as Chernozem, Solods
and Solonetz have clear ethnopedological origins, although they have been
incorporated over the years into the common soil classification system in several
countries.
Main culture:“Indigenous agriculture in northwestern Brazil is basically limited to
the limited cultivation of cassava and maize, to prepare caxiri, or to eat: when ripe,
roasted, if green is cooked, served to accompany the meal with fish…”
Dividing tasks:"Casava cultivation and preparation is a women-only job and takes up
most of the women's time..."
Opening and clearing growing areas:"Before the young man got married, when the
peach tree was ripe, he cut down quite a lot of space in the forest, where the annual
flood did not come. To do this, around a tall tree, cut off some of the trunks of the
smaller trees nearby and then uproot the tree. the giant. This fall, knocking down the
neighboring trees, drags them into its fall, for they are bound and entangled with
vines. For about three months the trees dry up in the heat of the sun, until then they
burn them..."
Land management:“Ashes and coal serve as fertilizer for soil that already has good
humus. No artificial fertilizers are used. When the soil becomes depleted, humans
prepare a new garden… “This is summed up in human activity in this primitive field.
planting, harvesting, and preparing cassava is a woman's job…”

2.3 Farmers' Knowledge of Soil Fertility and Soil Management Strategies in

Tigray Ethiopia
A. Local Concept of Soil Fertility
Farmers describe productive and fertile land as 'regular', which literally means fat.
Well-prepared land with good seedbeds is known as 'limited', which says nothing
about its fertility or productivity. Farmers' perceptions of soil fertility are not limited
to soil nutrient status. Fertility is assessed through outcomes such as crop
performance and yield and includes all soil factors that affect plant growth. In fact,
farmers' interpretations of soil fertility reflect the definition of soil productivity used
by the International Soil Science Society (ISSS). ISSS describes it as the capacity of
soil in its normal environment to produce a particular crop or sequence of plants
under a particular system of soil management (ISSS, 1996).

The main indicator they mention is reduced yields. In semi-arid areas where
rainfall is low and erratic, soil moisture conservation is often considered the most
critical factor for successful crop production. Therefore, farmers' perceptions of soil
fertility are closely related to the ability of the soil to hold water. However, even in
years with a favorable climate, low yields are not a perfect indicator of declining soil
fertility, as yields can be significantly affected by various other factors, such as weeds
or pests.

B. Farmers Knowledge About Soil Fertility

Farmers' knowledge of soil fertility When they were asked to categorize different
levels of soil fertility, farmers in both villages classified their land into three classes:
reguid meriet (fertile), mehakelay meriet (fairly fertile), and rekik meriet (infertile).
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
The local wisdom from each of these different regions is lived, practiced,
taught and passed down from one generation to another which at the same time forms
the pattern of everyday human behavior, both towards fellow humans and towards
nature. Local wisdom is noble values that are believed to be true, apply in the life
order of local communities and aim to protect and manage the environment in a
sustainable manner.

Each region has a lot of diversity in determining or identifying soil fertility,

starting from how they judge a soil fertility based on soil color, soil conditions, and
what plants grow on the soil surface. Each region also has its own different ways of
maintaining soil health because they are very aware of the importance of growing and
increasing agricultural yields. And also each region has its own local wisdom in
evaluating suitable land to be used as agricultural land. Land evacuation is important
for local people because the elders didn't know much about the types of plants that
could be consumed, so they needed to evaluate their land in order to find out the
plants. species suitable for crops on their fields.

3.2 Suggestions
Hopefully this paper can be used as information material to study soil
ethnopedology knowledge by people in various countries.