© 2018-2019 Feifan English All Rights Reserved

2019 年一月下半月高频
SPEAKING .................................................................................... 2
Read Aloud: .................................................................................................................. 2
Repeat Sentence: ......................................................................................................... 5
Describe Image: ............................................................................................................ 6
Retell Lecture: ............................................................................................................. 12
WRITING ..................................................................................... 14
Summarise Written Text: ............................................................................................ 16
Essay: ......................................................................................................................... 23
READING .................................................................................... 24
Fill in The Blanks: ....................................................................................................... 24
Re-order Paragraph: ................................................................................................... 27
LISTENING ................................................................................. 30
Summarise Spoken Text: ........................................................................................... 30
Fill in the Blanks .......................................................................................................... 34
Write from Dictation: ................................................................................................... 35
© 2018-2019 FEIFAN ENGLISH ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 飞凡英语收集整理仅供学习参考

SPEAKING
Read Aloud:
1. Yellow
Yellow is the most optimistic colour, yet surprisingly, people lose their tempers most often in
yellow rooms and babies cry more in them. The reason may be that yellow is the hardest
colour on the eye. On the other hand, it speeds metabolism and enhances concentration;
think of yellow legal pads and post-it notes.
2. Vanilla
The uniquely scented flavor of vanilla is second only to chocolate in popularity on the world’s
palate. It’s also the second most expensive spice after saffron. But highly labor intensive
cultivation methods and the plant’s temperamental life cycle and propagation mean
production on a global scale is struggling to keep up with the increasing demand for the
product.
3. Father
Ever since I remembered, father woke up at five thirty every morning, made breakfast for
us all and read newspaper. After that he would go to work. He worked as a writer. It was a
long time before I realize he did this for a living.
4. Shakespeare
A young man from a small provincial town, a man without independent wealth, without
powerful family connections and without a university education, moves to London in the late
1580's, and in a remarkably short time, became the greatest playwright. Not of his age alone
but of all time. How is an achievement of this magnitude to be explained? How did
Shakespeare become Shakespeare?

5. Semiconductor
The semiconductor industry has been able to improve the performance of electric systems
for more than four decades by making ever-smaller devices. However, this approach will
soon encounter both scientific and technical limits, which is why the industry is exploring a
number of alternative device technologies.
6. Pluto
Pluto lost its official status as a planet yesterday, when the International Astronomical Union
downsized the solar system from nine to eight planets. Although there had been passionate
debate at the IAU General Assembly Meeting in Prague about the definition of a planet - and
whether Pluto met the specifications - the audience greeted the decision to exclude it with
applause.
7. Russia
Long isolated from Western Europe, Russia grew up without participating in the development
like the Reformation that many Russians taking pride in their unique culture, find dubious
value. Russia is, as a result, the most unusual member of European family, if indeed it is
European at all. The question is still open to debate, particularly among Russians
themselves.
8. Fast Food
Hundreds of millions of American people eat fast food every day without giving it too much
thought, unaware of the subtle and not so subtle ramifications of their purchases. They just
grab their tray off the counter, find a table, take a seat, unwrap the paper, and dig in. The
whole experience is transitory and soon forgotten.
9. Swans
Before European explorers had reached Australia, it was believed that all swans were white.
Dutch mariner, Antonie Caen, was the first to be amazed at the sight of Australia’s Black
swans on the Shark Bay in 1636. Explorer Willem de Vlamingh captured two of these
creatures on Australia’s Swan River and returned with them to Europe to prove their
existence.
10. Grand Canyon
The Grand Canyon is 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide and attains a depth of over a mile.
While the specific geologic processes and timing that formed the Grand Canyon are the
subject of debate by geologists, recent evidence suggests the Colorado River established its
course through the canyon at least 17 million years ago.

11. Carbon Dioxide Emissions
When countries assess their annual carbon dioxide emissions, they count up their cars and
power stations, but bush fires are not included presumably because they are deemed to be
events beyond human control. In Australia, Victoria alone sees several hundred thousand
hectares burn each year in both 2004 and the present summer, the figure has been over 1
million hectares.
12. Immense Disparity
The core of the problem was the immense disparity between the country's productive
capacity and the ability of people to consume. Great innovations in productive techniques
during and after the war raised the output of industry beyond the purchasing capacity of U.S.
farmers and earners.
13. Brain
The brain is divided into two hemispheres, called the left and right hemispheres. Each
hemisphere provided a different set of functions, behaviours, and controls. The right
hemisphere is often called the creative side of the brain, while the left hemisphere is the
logical or analytic side of brain.
14. Japanese tea ceremony
The Japanese tea ceremony is a tour influenced by Buddhism in which green tea is prepared
and served to a small group of guests in a peaceful setting. (In Japan, tea ceremony is a
ritual-like formalism in which green tea you prepare and serve to multiple guests in a tea full
setting). The ceremony can take as long as four hours and there are many traditional
gestures that both the server and the guest must perform.
15. Legal Writing
Legal writing is usually less discursive than writing in other humanities subjects, and precision
is more important than variety. Sentence structure should not be too complex; it is usually
unnecessary to make extensive use of adjectives or adverbs, and consistency of terms is
often required.
16. Slang
Australians do speak English, however, for some tourists and travelers, it can be difficult to
understand the slang. Also, the links between Australian and American English were seen
to be very tenuous. At least some colloquialisms in Australian English does not exist in other
types of English.

Repeat Sentence:
1. A periodical is a publication that is issued regularly.
2. A thorough bibliography is needed at the end of every assignment.
3. All essays and seminar papers submitted must be emailed to your tutor.
4. Allergy problems do run in the family but we don't understand why.
5. Conferences are always scheduled on the third Wednesday of the month.
6. Could you please pass the handouts to the students that are in your row?
7. If you forgot your student number, you should contact Jenny Brice.
8. In our consortium, students have access to 13 college libraries.
9. Meeting with tutors could be arranged for students who need additional help.
10. Most animals have triangular vocal cords, but the lion’s mighty pipes are square.
11. Number the beakers and put them away before tomorrow.
12. On behalf of our department, I would like to thank you for your participation.
13. On this project, you will be asked to work as a group of three.
14. People with active lifestyle are less likely to die early or to have major illness.
15. Physics is a subject of matters and energy.
16. Student discount cards can be used on campus in the coffee house.
17. The bookstore is located on the main campus behind the library.
18. The recent study has thrown out the validity of the argument.
19. The united states (has become) a coffee culture in recent years.
20. There is limited funding in this department to support qualified students.

Describe Image:
*常规的柱状图、饼图、折线图、图表题依旧很高频，注意练熟
1.
2. 流程图也比较高频请大家练熟

3.
标题为：The United Arab Emirates’ Flag and Jordan’s Flag
4.

5.
6.

7.
8.

9.
10.

11.
12.

Retell Lecture:
1. Water on Mars
• In the past five years, the temperature of Mars has increased.

• The research conducted on the Mars indicates the prior existence of liquid water.
• The evidence is that researchers found several elements which are essential to
form water, such as calcium carbonate, salt, mineral, and perchlorate.
• Consequently, we can speculate that there used to be water existed on Mars as
liquid form and Mars may be a hospitable planet long time ago.
2. Bomb calorimeter

3. Monkey
4. Loggerhead Sea Turtles

5. Welsh Speaker
6. The first Robots
音频地址：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGPPjGqT6PA 时间：1:30 – 2:56

参考原文：
This is a kind of object that you’re probably all familiar with when you had the term robot,
but I’m gonna show you the very, very first robots. These were the very first robots. They
were characters in a play in the 1920s called Rossum’s Universal Robots and they, the

play was written by Czech writer called Karel Capek. And basically, these robots, you
know, people tend to think of robots as kind of cute cuddly toys or, you know, Hollywood
depictions kind of devoid of politics. But the first robots were actually created and
imagined in a time of absolute political turmoil. You just had the First World War, you
know, it finished had a devastating impact across Europe and so people will kind and
people are kind of reflecting on what does it mean to be human, what makes us human,
those kinds of question. And this kind of context is what inspired Capek to kind of write
this play. And interestingly, these robots being human, they are actually in the play
assembled on a production line, a bit like the Ford manufacturing production line. So even
though they are human, they are assembled and these robots are designed to labor, and
that is their primary purpose in society.
7. Brain Development

WRITING
Summarise Written Text:
1. Cow and grass
The co-evolutionary relationship between cows and grass is one of nature's under-appreciated
wonders; it also happens to be the key to understanding just about everything about modern meat.
For the grasses, which have evolved to withstand the grazing of ruminants, the cow maintains and
expands their habitat by preventing trees and shrubs from gaining a foothold and hogging the sunlight;
the animal also spreads grass seed, plants it with his hooves, and then fertilises it with his manure.
In exchange for these services the grasses offer ruminants a plentiful and exclusive supply of lunch.
For cows (like sheep, bison, and other ruminants) have evolved the special ability to convert grass—
which single-stomached creatures like us can't digest—into high-quality protein. They can do this
because they possess what is surely the most highly evolved digestive organ in nature: the rumen.
About the size of a medicine ball, the organ is essentially a forty-five-gallon fermentation tank in which
a resident population of bacteria dines on grass.
参考答案：
The co-evolutionary relationship between cows and grass is a wonder, and grasses have evolved
to withstand the grazing of ruminants, and cow maintains and expands their habitat, and cows
have evolved the special ability to convert grass, and single-stomached creatures like us can't
digest into high-quality protein because they possess what is surely the most highly evolved
digestive organ in nature: the rumen.
2. Rosetta Stone
When the Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799, the carved characters that covered its surface were
quickly copied. Printers ink was applied to the Stone and white paper was laid over it. When the paper
was removed, it revealed an exact copy of the text but in reverse. Since then, many copies or
facsimiles have been made using a variety of materials. Inevitably, the surface of the Stone
accumulated many layers of material left over from these activities, despite attempts to remove any
residue. Once on display, the grease from many thousands of human hands eager to touch the Stone
added to the problem.
An opportunity for investigation and cleaning the Rosetta Stone arose when this famous object was
made the centerpiece of the Cracking Codes exhibition at The British Museum in 1999. When work
commenced to remove all but the original, ancient material, the stone was black with white lettering.

As treatment progressed, the different substances uncovered were analyzed. Grease from human
handling, a coating of carnauba wax from the early 1800s and printers ink from 1799 were cleaned
away using cotton wool swabs and liniment of soap, white spirit, acetone and purified water. Finally,
white paint in the text, applied in 1981, which had been left in place until now as a protective coating,
was removed with cotton swabs and purified water. A small square at the bottom left corner of the face
of the Stone was left untouched to show the darkened wax and the white infill.
参考答案：
The Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799, the carved characters that covered its surface were
quickly copied, and the surface of the Stone accumulated many layers of material left over from
these activities, despite attempts to remove any residue, and when work commenced to remove
all but the original, ancient material, the stone was black with white lettering.
3. Compulsory voting
版本 1:
• Voting is very important to a country, and a strong and stable country relies on its people using
their voting right.
• Australia are one of those countries where every citizen should vote for their presidents.
• Yet, citizens often know very little about those candidates, thus they just choose the first one in the
lists.
版本 2:
• 选举投票对民主国家很重要,但强迫投票(compulsory voting)是不民主的行为,不投票会被罚
款是错误的。
• Compulsory voting 会强迫对选举(election)没有了解的人做出 quickest and easiest choice,
而不是对被选举人有真正的政治主张。
• 自愿投票产生的结果会比乱选的结果好得多,民主国家政府都不该强制民众投票。
4. Armed police coming to school
Armed police have been brought into NSW schools to reduce crime rates and educate students. The
40 School Liaison Police (SLP) officers have been allocated to public and private high schools across
the state.
Organisers say the officers, who began work last week, will build positive relationships between police
and students. But parent groups waned of potential dangers of armed police working at schools in
communities where police relations were already under strain.
Among their duties, the SLPs will conduct crime prevention workshops, talking to students about
issues including shoplifting, offensive behaviour, graffiti and drugs and alcohol. They can also advise
school principals. One SLP, Constable Ben Purvis, began work in the inner Sydney region last week,
including at Alexandria Park Community School’s senior campus. Previously stationed as a crime
prevention officer at The Rocks, he now has 27 schools under his jurisdiction in areas including The
Rocks, Redfern and Kings Cross.

Constable Purvis said the full-time position would see him working on the broader issues of crime
prevention. “I am not a security guard,” he said. “I am not there to patrol the school.
We want to improve relationships between police and schoolchildren, to have positive interaction. We
are coming to the school and giving them knowledge to improve their own safety." The use of fake ID
among older students is among the issues he has already discussed with principals. Parents' groups
responded to the program positively, but said it may spark a range of community reactions. "It is a
good thing and an innovative idea and there could be some positive benefits," Council of Catholic
School Parents executive officer Danielle Cronin said. "Different communities will respond to this kind
of presence in different ways.
参考答案：
Armed police have been brought into NSW schools to reduce crime rates and educate students, and
officers will build positive relationships between police and students, and SLPs will conduct crime
prevention workshops, and they can also advise school principal, and it is a good thing and an
innovative idea and there could be some positive benefits, and different communities will respond to
this kind of presence in different way.(69 words)
5. Wine Prohibition
In 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution created yet another setback for
the American wine industry. The National Prohibition Act, also known as the Volstead Act, prohibited
the manufacture, sale, transportation, importation, exportation, delivery, or possession of intoxicating
liquors for beverage purpose. Prohibition, which continued for thirteen years, nearly destroyed what
had become a thriving and national industry.
One of the loopholes in the Volstead Act allowed for the manufacture and sale of sacramental wine,
medicinal wines for sale by pharmacists with a doctors’ prescription, and medicinal wine tonics
(fortified wines) sold without prescription. Perhaps more important, Prohibition allowed anyone to
produce up to two hundred gallons yearly of fruit juice or cider. The fruit juice, which was sometimes
made into concentrate, was ideal for making wine. People would buy grape concentrate from California
and have it shipped to the East Coast. The top of the container was stamped in big, bold letters:
caution: do not add sugar or yeast or else fermentation will take place! Some of this yield found its
way to bootleggers throughout America who did just that. But not for long, because the government
stepped in and banned the sale of grape juice, preventing illegal wine production. Vineyards stopped
being planted, and the American wine industry came to a halt.
参考答案：
The National Prohibition Act, also known as the Volstead Act, prohibited the manufacture, sale,
transportation, importation, exportation, delivery, or possession of intoxicating liquors for beverage
purpose, and there are loopholes, and government stepped in and banned the sale of grape juice,
preventing illegal wine production, and American wine industry came to a halt.

6. Malaysia
Malaysia is one of the most pleasant, hassle-free countries to visit in Southeast Asia. Aside from its
gleaming 21st century glass towers, it boasts some of the most superb beaches, mountains and
national parks in the region. Malaysia is also launching its biggest-ever tourism campaign in effort to
lure 20 million visitors here this year.
Any tourist itinerary would have to begin in the capital, Kuala Lumpur, where you will find the Petronas
Twin Towers, which once comprised the worlds tallest buildings and now hold the title of second-
tallest. Both the 88-story towers soar 1,480 feet high and are connected by a sky-bridge on the 41st
floor. The limestone temple Batu Caves, located 9 miles north of the city, have a 328-foot-high ceiling
and feature ornate Hindu shrines, including a 141-foot-tall gold- painted statue of a Hindu deity. To
reach the caves, visitors have to climb a steep flight of 272 steps. In Sabah state on Borneo island not
to be confused with Indonesias Borneo you'll find the small mushroom-shaped Sipadan island, off the
coast of Sabah, rated as one of the top five diving sites in the world. Sipadan is the only oceanic island
in Malaysia, rising from a 2,300-foot abyss in the Celebes Sea. You can also climb Mount Kinabalu,
the tallest peak in Southeast Asia, visit the Sepilok Orang Utan Sanctuary, go white-water rafting and
catch a glimpse of the bizarre Proboscis monkey, a primate found only in Borneo with a huge
pendulous nose, a characteristic pot belly and strange honking sounds.
While you're in Malaysia, consider a trip to Malacca. In its heyday, this southern state was a powerful
Malay sultanate and a booming trading port in the region. Facing the Straits of Malacca, this historical
state is now a place of intriguing Chinese streets, antique shops, old temples and reminders of
European colonial powers. Another interesting destination is Penang, known as the Pearl of the Orient.
This island off the northwest coast of Malaysia boasts of a rich Chinese cultural heritage, good food
and beautiful beaches.
7. Beauty contest
(根据最近考到的同学回忆并不完全一样，但是大意相同。)
Since Australians Jennifer Hawkins and Lauryn Eagle were crowned Miss Universe and Miss Teen
International respectively, there has been a dramatic increase in interest in beauty pageants in this
country. These wins have also sparked a debate as to whether beauty pageants are just harmless
reminders of old-fashioned values or a throwback to the days when women were respected for how
good they looked.
Opponents argue that beauty pageants, whether its Miss Universe or Miss Teen International, are
demeaning to women and out of sync with the times. They say they are nothing more than symbols of
decline.
In the past few decades Australia has taken more than a few faltering steps toward treating women
with dignity and respect. Young women are being brought up knowing that they can do anything, as
shown by inspiring role models in medicine such as 2003 Australian of the Year Professor Fiona
Stanley.

In the 1960s and 1970s, one of the first acts of the feminist movement was to picket beauty pageants
on the premise that the industry promoted the view that it was acceptable to judge women on their
appearance. Today many young Australian women are still profoundly uncomfortable with their body
image, feeling under all kinds of pressures because they are judged by how they look.
Almost all of the pageant victors are wafer thin, reinforcing the message that thin equals beautiful. This
ignores the fact that men and women come in all sizes and shapes. In a country where up to 60% of
young women are on a diet at any one time and 70% of school girls say they want to lose weight,
despite the fact that most have a normal BMI, such messages are profoundly hazardous to the mental
health of young Australians.
参考答案：
Beauty pageants are harmless reminders of old-fashioned values or a throwback to the days when
women were respected, and they are nothing more than symbols of decline, and Australia has taken
more than a few faltering steps toward treating women with dignity and respect, and this ignores the
fact that men and women come in all sizes and shapes, and such messages are hazardous to the
mental health of young Australians.(72 words)
8. Electric car
Here's a term you're going to hear much more often: plug-in vehicle, and the acronym PEV. It's what
you and many other people will drive to work in, ten years and more from now. At that time, before
you drive off in the morning you will first unplug your car - your plugin vehicle. Its big on board batteries
will have been fully charged overnight, with enough power for you to drive 50-100 kilometers through
city traffic.
When you arrive at work you'll plug in your car once again, this time into a socket that allows power to
flow form your car's batteries to the electricity grid. One of the things you did when you bought your
car was to sign a contract with your favorite electricity supplier, allowing them to draw a limited amount
of power from your car's batteries should they need to, perhaps because of a blackout, or very high
wholesale spot power prices. The price you get for the power the distributor buys from your car would
not only be most attractive to you, it would be a good deal for them too, their alternative being very
expensive power form peaking stations. If, driving home or for some other reason your batteries looked
like running flat, a relatively small, but quiet and efficient engine running on petrol, diesel or
compressed natural gas, even bio-fuel, would automatically cut in, driving a generator that supplied
the batteries so you could complete your journey.
Concerns over 'peak oil', increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and the likelihood that by the middle
of this century there could be five times as many motor vehicles registered worldwide as there are
now, mean that the world's almost total dependence on petroleum-based fuels for transport is, in every
sense of the word, unsustainable.
参考答案:
Plug-in vehicle, known as the acronym PEV, is what you and many other people will drive to work in
ten years and more from now, it will be unplugged before driving off, and its big onboard batteries will
have been fully charged overnight, and you will plug in your car into a socket, and there will be an

engine running if batteries was running flat, and petroleum-based fuels for transport is unsustainable.
(72 words)
参考答案：
Malaysia is one of the most pleasant, hassle-free countries to visit in Southeast Asia, and any tourist
itinerary would have to begin in the capital, Kuala Lumpur, and Sipadan is the only oceanic island in
Malaysia, and you can also climb Mount Kinabalu, and Malacca was a powerful Malay sultanate and
a booming trading port in the region, and Penang boasts of a rich Chinese cultural heritage, good food
and beautiful beaches.
9. Nobel Peace Prize
This year’s Nobel Peace Prize justly rewards the thousands of scientists of the United Nations Climate
Change Panel (the IPCC). These scientists are engaged in excellent, painstaking work that establishes
exactly what the world should expect from climate change.
The other award winner, former US Vice President Al Gore, has spent much more time telling us what
to fear. While the IPCC’s estimates and conclusions are grounded in careful study, Gore doesn’t seem
to be similarly restrained.
Gore told the world in his Academy Award-winning movie (recently labeled “one-sided” and containing
“scientific errors” by a British judge) to expect 20-foot sea-level rises over this century. He ignores the
findings of his Nobel co-winners, the IPCC, who conclude that sea levels will rise between only a half-
foot and two feet over this century, with their best expectation being about one foot. That’s similar to
what the world experienced over the past 150 years.
Likewise, Gore agonizes over the accelerated melting of ice in Greenland and what it means for the
planet, but overlooks the IPCC’s conclusion that, if sustained, the current rate of melting would add
just three inches to the sea level rise by the end of the century. Gore also takes no notice of research
showing that Greenland’s temperatures were higher in 1941 than they are today.
Gore also frets about the future of polar bears. He claims they are drowning as their icy habitat
disappears. However, the only scientific study showing any such thing indicates that four polar bears
drowned because of a storm.
The politician-turned-movie maker loses sleep over a predicted rise in heat-related deaths. There’s
another side of the story that’s inconvenient to mention: rising temperatures will reduce the number of
cold spells, which are a much bigger killer than heat. The best study shows that by 2050, heat will
claim 400,000 more lives, but 1.8 million fewer will die because of cold. Indeed, according to the first
complete survey of the economic effects of climate change for the world, global warming will actually
save lives.
参考答案：

This year’s Nobel Peace Prize winner is the former US Vice President Al Gore, and Gore told the world
in his Academy Award-winning movie to expect 20-foot sea-level rises over this century, and Gore
agonises over the accelerated melting of ice in Greenland, and Gore agonises over the accelerated
melting of ice in Greenland, and global warming will actually save lives. (64 words)
10. Overqualified workers
If your recruiting efforts attract job applicants with too much experience a near certainty in this weak
labour market you should consider a response that runs counter to most hiring managers MO: Don't
reject those applicants out of hand.
Instead, take a closer look. New research shows that overqualified workers tend to perform better than
other employees, and they don't quit any sooner. Furthermore, a simple managerial tactic
empowerment can mitigate any dissatisfaction they may feel.
The prejudice against too-good employees is pervasive. Companies tend to prefer an applicant who
is a perfect fit over someone who brings more intelligence, education, or experience than needed. On
the surface, this bias makes sense: Studies have consistently shown that employees who consider
themselves overqualified exhibit higher levels of discontent. For example, over-qualification correlated
well with job dissatisfaction in a 2008 study of 156 call-centre reps by Israeli researchers Saul Fine
and Baruch Nevo. And unlike discrimination based on age or gender, declining to hire overqualified
workers is perfectly legal.
But even before the economic downturn, a surplus of overqualified candidates was a global problem,
particularly in developing economies, where rising education levels are giving workers more skills than
are needed to supply the growing service sectors. If managers can get beyond the conventional
wisdom, the growing pool of too-good applicants is a great opportunity. Berrin Erdogan and Talya N.
Bauer of Portland State University in Oregon found that overqualified workers' feelings of
dissatisfaction can be dissipated by giving them autonomy in decision making. At stores where
employees didn't feel empowered, over-educated workers expressed greater dissatisfaction than their
colleagues did and were more likely to state an intention to quit. But that difference vanished where
self-reported autonomy was high.
参考答案:
You should consider a response that runs counter to most hiring managers MO, and the prejudice
against too-good employees is pervasive, and employees who consider themselves overqualified
exhibit higher levels of discontent, but a surplus of overqualified candidates was a global problem, and
overqualified workers' feelings of dissatisfaction can be dissipated by giving them autonomy in
decision making.

Essay:
1. It is important to maintain a right balance of your work and other respects of one’s life such
as family and leisure sport. What is your opinion about this? Discuss with appropriate
examples.
2. Is it fair for universities to deduct students’ marks when their assignments are overdue?
How to solve this problem?
3. Design of buildings have positive or negative impact on people’s life and work?
4. Experience is more effective and useful than books and formal education. What is your
opinion?
5. How widely of you think the problem spreads that people spend too much time on work
than their personal life and experience time shortage? What problems will it cause?
6. Younger employees have more skills, knowledge and more motivated than older employees.
To what extent do you agree or disagree, support your argument with your own experience.
7. The advanced medical technology expands human’s life. Do you think it is a curse or
blessing?
8. Study needs time, peace and comfort, whereas employment needs the same thing.
Someone says it is impossible to combine those two because one distracts one another.
Do you think this is realistic in our life today? To what extent do you agree with it? Support
your opinion with example.
9. Government promise continuous economic growth, but it’s actually an illusion. Some
people think that governments should abandon this. Please talk about the validity and the
implications.
10. Do you think cashless society is realistic and why? What are the advantages and
disadvantages? (原题目中提到了 use of credit card)
11. Governments and international institution are faced with many global problems. What these
problems could be? Measure?

READING
Fill in The Blanks:

1. Dogs
A DOG may be man's best friend. But man is not always a dog's. Over the centuries
selective breeding has pulled at the canine body shape to produce what is often a
grotesque distortion of the underlying wolf. Indeed, some of these distortions are,
when found in people, regarded as pathologies.
Dog breeding does, though, offer a chance to those who would like to understand
how body shape is controlled. The ancestry of pedigree pooches is well recorded,
their generation time is short and their litter size reasonably large, so there is plenty
of material to work with. Moreover, breeds are, by definition, inbred, and this
simplifies genetic analysis. Those such as Elaine Ostrander, of America's National
Human Genome Research Institute, who wish to identify the genetic basis of the
features of particular pedigrees thus have an ideal experimental animal.
https://www.economist.com/node/13139635
2. Estée Lauder
Leonard Lauder, chief executive of the company his mother founded, says she always
thought she “was growing a nice little business.” And that it is -- a little business that
controls 45% of the cosmetics market in U.S. department stores. A little business that
sells in 118 countries and last year grew to be $3.6 billion big in sales. The Lauder
family's shares are worth more than $6 billion.
But early on, there wasn't a burgeoning business; there weren't houses in New York,
Palm Beach, Fla., or the south of France. It is said that at one point there was one person
to answer the telephones who changed her voice to become the shipping or billing
department as needed.

You more or less know the Estée Lauder story because it's a chapter from the book of
American business folklore. In short, Josephine Esther Mentzer, daughter of
immigrants, lived above her father's hardware store in Corona, a section of Queens in
New York City. She started her enterprise by selling skin creams concocted by her
uncle, a chemist, in beauty shops, beach clubs and resorts.
No doubt the potions were good -- Estée Lauder was a quality fanatic -- but the saleslady
was better. Much better. And she simply outworked everyone else in the cosmetics
industry. She stalked the bosses of New York City department stores until she got some
counter space at Saks Fifth Avenue in 1948. And once in that space, she utilized a
personal selling approach that proved as potent as the promise of her skin regimens
and perfumes.
3. Australia and New Zealand
Australia and New Zealand have many common links. Both countries were recently
settled by Europeans, are predominantly English speaking and in that sense, share a
common cultural heritage. Although in close proximity to one another, both countries
are geographically isolated and have small populations by world standards. They have
similar histories and enjoy close relations on many fronts.
In terms of population characteristics, Australia and New Zealand have much in

common. Both countries have minority indigenous populations, and during the latter
half of the 20th century have seen a steady stream of migrants from a variety of regions
throughout the world. Both countries have experienced similar declines in fertility since
the high levels recorded during the baby boom, and alongside this have enjoyed the
benefits of continually improving life expectancy. One consequence of these trends is
that both countries are faced with an ageing population, and the associated challenge
of providing appropriate care and support for this growing group within the community.

4. America’s Skies
By 2025, government experts say America’s skies will swarm with three times as many
planes, and not just the kind of traffic flying today. There will be thousands of tiny jets,
seating six or fewer, at airliner altitudes, competing for space with remotely operated
drones that need help avoiding midair collisions, and with commercially operated
rockets carrying satellites and tourist into space.
5. Textile Industry
The environmental impact of the global textile industry is hard to overstate. One-third
of the water used worldwide is spent fashioning fabrics. For every ton of cloth produced,
200 tons of water is polluted with chemicals and heavy metals. An estimated 1 trillion
kilowatt-hours of electricity powers the factories that card and comb, spin and weave,
and cut and stitch materials into everything from T-shirts to towels, leaving behind
mountains of solid waste and a massive carbon footprint.
“Where the industry is today is not really sustainable for the long term,” says
Shreyaskar Chaudhary, chief executive of Pratibha Syntex, a textile manufacturer based
outside Indore, India.
With something of an “if you build it, they will come” attitude, Mr.Chaudhary has steered
Pratibha toward the leading edge of eco-friendly textile production. Under his direction,
Pratibha began making clothes with organic cotton in 1999. Initially, the company
couldn't find enough organic farms growing cotton in central India to supply its
factories. To meet production demands, Chaudhary's team had to convince
conventional cotton farmers to change their growing methods. Pratibha provided seeds,
cultivation instruction, and a guarantee of fairtrade prices for their crops. Today,
Pratibha has a network of 28,000 organic cotton growers across the central states of
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Orissa.

6. Arbitration
Arbitraion is a method of conflict resolution which with more or less formalized

mechanisms, occurs in many political and legal spheres. There are two main
characteristics to arbitration. The first is that it is a voluntary process under which two
parties in conflict atree between themselves to be bound by the judgment of a third
party which has no other authority over them; the judgment, however, is not legally
binding. The second is that there is usually no clear body of law or set of rules that must
apply; the arbitrator is free, subject to any prior agreement with the conflicting parties,
to decide on whatever basis of justice is deemed suitable.
Re-order Paragraph:
1. Railway
l Ever since the completion of the Great Western Railway, in the 1840s, intrigue has
swirled around the Box Tunnel, a long, steep bypass near Bath, England.
l The question was this: did the railway’s creator, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, really
have the tunnel carved in such a way that when the sun rose on his birthday—April
9th—it would be flooded with light?
l This past Sunday, April 9th, the railway’s current engineers decided to test the rumor
once and for all. They weren’t disappointed.
l “When you look from the east portal, the cutting provides a lovely V-shape,”
communications manager Paul Gentleman told the Guardian.
l While the west side’s view wasn’t quite so impressive, the engineers generously
chalked that up to centuries of dirt and grime.

2. Stem cells
l Embryonic stem cells are valued by scientists because the cells‘ descendant can turn
into any other sort of body cell.
l These stem cells have been found in tissues such as the brain, bone marrow, blood,
blood vessels, skeletal muscles, skin, and the liver.
l They might thus be used as treatments for diseases that require the replacement of a
particular, lost cell type.
l Some example cited for a possible treatment using these cells are diabetes, motor
neuron disease and Parkinson‘s disease.
3. A Retired Engineer in San Diego

l In 1992 a retired engineer in San Diego contracted a rare brain disease that wiped out
his memory.
l Every day he was asked where the kitchen was in his house, and every day he didn't
have the foggiest idea.
l Yet whenever he was hungry, he got up and propelled himself straight to the kitchen
to get something to eat.
l Studies of this man led scientists to break through: the part of our brains where
habits are stored has nothing to do with memory or reason.
l It offered proof of what the US psychologist Willian James noticed more than a
century ago that humans "are mere walking bundles of habits."
4. English Speaking
l Anyone wanting to get to the top of international business, medicine or academia
(but possibly not sport) needs to be able to speak English to a pretty high level.
l Equally, any native English speaker wanting to deal with these new high achievers
needs to know how to talk without baffling them.

l Because so many English-speakers today are monoglots, they have little idea how
difficult it is to master another language.
l Many think the best way to make foreigners understand is to be chatty and informal.
l This may seem friendly but, as it probably involves using colloquial expressions，it
makes comprehension harder.
5. Mother of Storm
l Unlike Barnes' previous books, Mother of Storms has a fairly large cast of viewpoint
characters.
l This usually irritates me, but I didn't mind it here, and their interactions are well-
handled and informative, although occasionally in moving them about the author's
manipulations are a bit blatant.
l They're not all necessarily good guys, either, although with the hurricanes wreaking
wholesale destruction upon the world's coastal areas, ethical categories tend to
become irrelevant.
l But even the Evil American Corporate Magnate is a pretty likable guy.
6. Carbon Pricing in Canada

l There is a growing consensus that, if serious action is to be taken to reduce
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada, a price must be applied to those
emissions.
l There are, however, challenges associated with the political acceptability of carbon
pricing.
l If Canada implements a carbon price on its own, there are worries that Canadian
factories will relocate to other countries to avoid the regulation.
l Even if other countries act in concert with Canada to price carbon, the effects will be
uneven across sectors, and lobbying efforts by relatively more-affected sectors
might threaten the political viability of the policy.

LISTENING
Summarise Spoken Text:
1. HTML
l When 90’s comes around, more and more people could get online.
l Thanks to UK, the invention of HTML allowed people to create a wide variety of
works.
l During the first decade, people created things like web pages and lessons without
fears, religion, motivation or profitability
l Because people can feel a sense of enjoyment through their creation
2. Vitamin D
l Vitamin D is, in fact, a kind of hormone which can be ingested from dietary.
l It is not necessary to ingest Vitamin D via food only if it can be sufficiently absorbed
from sunshine.
l However, people have been migrating from the equator to other places where they
need to put clothes on.
l Therefore, more Vitamin D via food is needed now as people’s skin are less exposed
to sunshine.
3. Human Right in UK
l This lecture mainly discussed the free human rights in UK.
l During the second world war, UK was the first country that mentioned free rights among
other countries.

l It set up the baseline and minimum standards.
l The positive aspects of human rights include right to marry and election. The negative
aspects include sex and religion.
l Other aspects that UK government mentioned include voting, election, tourism and
trading.
4. Global warming/climate change
Climate change has become a severe problem which caused by increased carbon dioxide and
other discharge of the greenhouse emissions.
l The increase of population, limited resources and poverty will accelerate

environmental problem
l People cannot take the risks of ignoring scientists’ prediction.
l Commercial organisations and governments should take the responsibility and actions.
5. Amory Lovins (Mr Green)
l A man named Amory. Nobody knows him in the classroom, He has a consulting
company and lives in a house built on a mountain.
l He spent 30 years thinking about ways to save energy and solved problems with
technologies that already existed.
l People regarded him as genius. He has an unusual character with a wide range of
knowledge, but he's not an academic.
l A female writer wrote a book about him named Mr. Green.
6. Ugly Buildings in London
The speaker mentioned some ugly buildings that can be seen in west London.
l The negative impact of ugly architectures is more severe than bad books as these
awful buildings may exist for hundreds of years.

l However, the architect doesn't think those buildings are ugly because different
people have different aesthetic perceptions.
l After all, beauty is in the eyes of the beholder.
7. Big Bang Theory – Cosmology
l Studying the cosmology of the universe is amazing.
l Big bang happened around ten to twenty billion years ago.
l A recently detailed measure indicates that big bang happened around 13.8 billion years
ago, instead of 13 or 14 billion years.
l The universe has been on a continuous changing status ever since. Even when the
universe started is known, we still need to understand how it developed.
l Big bang believed that all distant galaxies and clusters are receding away from our
vantage point with an apparent velocity proportional to their distance.
8. Australian housing
l Economic growth of the society
l Affordable mortgage rates
l Increased immigration leads to higher number of housing required while suppliers

remain unchanged.
l Increased purchasing power of buyers.
9. Indian peasants’ debts
l Because of globalisation and patent, Indian peasants have to buy seeds from those
companies that monopolise the market.

l Peasants have to keep on using pesticide produced from these companies for the
growth of the corps.
l The agriculture products’ price is continuously decreasing, while the price of seeds
and pesticide has increased by 4000 percent in the past 5 years.
l Thus peasants have to borrow money from the companies, which eventually makes
them unable to feed themselves and some of them more under pressure.
(Note: Indian Rupee 印度卢比)
10. Environmental law
l British government launched the environmental law long before at the time of Charles
the Second in order to control the impact of human activities on environment.
l However, the enforcement of environmental law was not well-established.
l Later, during the time of Industrial Revolution, British government reinforced the
environment law to punish those companies who applied the Adam Smith theory to
increase their profitability.
l Managers were unsatisfied, because companies had to pay more money to ensure the
health of their employees under the environmental law, which made companies less
competitive in the market.
11. Governments cover mistakes or use tricks
l People should be informed that some governments use tricks to cover the truth.
l Although western countries are democratic countries, citizens are not well informed.
l People are often deliberately hidden from the truth.
l Government policies are often interpreted wrong and misleading. They use all the tricks
to hide the mistakes that have taken in place to mislead people.
12. An experiment about female body fat
l An experiment on female body fat change.

l This lecture is mainly about an experiment conducted by Canadian researchers on
body fat changes.
l 31 obese women volunteered in the program and was asked not to change their
current diet and exercise regularly for 6 months.
l After 6 months, some people lost weight and some people gained weight, others did
not change.
l Two explanations:
People ate a lot more or cheated.
Consciously or subconsciously exercised less. (unsure?)
Fill in the Blanks

1. Neo-Latin
Those of you who’ve never heard the term neo-Latin，may be forgiven for thinking it’s
a new South American dance craze. If you’re puzzled when I tell you it has something
to do with the language of Romans, take heart, over the years many classes who have
confessed they are not really sure what it is either. Some have assumed that they are
so-called 'Late-Latin’, written at the end of the Roman Empire. Others have supposed it
must have something to do with the middle ages. Or perhaps it’s that pseudo-Latin
which my five and seven-year-old boys seem to have gleaned from the Harry Potter
books, useful for spells and curses that they zip one another with make shift paper ash
ones. No, in fact, neo-Latin is more or less the same as the Latin that was written in the
ancient world, classical Latin. So, what’s so new about it?
2. William Shakespeare
For all his fame and celebration, William Shakespeare remains a mysterious figure with
regards to personal history. There are just two primary sources for information on the
Bard: his works, and various legal and church documents that have survived from
Elizabethan times. Naturally, there are many gaps in this body of information, which
tells us little about Shakespeare the man.
3. Getting bored in class
A majority of U.S. high school students say they get bored in class every day, and more
than one out of five has considered dropping out, according to a survey released on
Wednesday. The survey of 81 ,000 students in 26 states found two-thirds of high school
students complain of boredom, usually because the subject matter was irrelevant or
their teachers didn't seem to care about them.（注：26写数字即可）

4.
Nutrients, months, subsiding, discuss, sociable, depth, shallow
5.
subscribe, electronically, search, listed
6. 其他高频词汇：
portraits, distinctive, premium, overseas, infrastructure, demographic, Intensive, coercive,

aftermath, dead, dependence, growing, occurring, accumulating, automatic, nutrition,
intensive, nutrients, social, whatever, ultimately, radically, consciousness, critically, similar,
conversion, Atlantic, spirit, movement, psychological, neighbor, neighboring/neighbouring,
generation, factory, nitrogen, biology, alphabet, subscribed, operational, galaxies, intelligent,
difficulty, rare, followers, introduced, behalf, primarily, elementary, exploring, intentional,
intentionally, subsidize, empathy, professionally, sculpture, emulation, emit, problems,
campaign, spotted, restore, thick, lays, philosophy, relying, beneath, traditionally, weird, naval,
dividend, permanent, paradox, forecast, extreme, subordinate
Write from Dictation:

1. (All) Students were instructed to submit their assignments by Friday.
2. Animals raised in captivity behave differently from their wild counterparts.
3. Before submitting your assignment, your advisor must approve your application.
4. Both staff and students can purchase car park tickets online.
5. Clinical placement for nursing will prepare students for professional practice(s).
6. Control systems in manufacturing require a high level of accuracy.
7. Free campus tours run daily in summer for prospective students.
8. It is absolutely vital that you acknowledge all your sources.
9. It is hard to anticipate all the characters that were in the act.
10. Many of the graduates of the journalism get jobs in the communication field.
11. Most of the students have not considered this issue before.

12. Mutually exclusive events are described (as) neither complementary nor opposing.
13. Native speaker’s language are exempt from the language test/their own native
language.
14. Participants are initially selected from a range of foundation subjects.
15. Radio is a popular form of the entertainment throughout the world.
16. Scientists are always asking governments for more money.
17. The aerial photograph was promptly registered for thoroughly evaluations.
18. The article revealed very interesting experiments.
19. The chemistry building is located at the entrance of/to the campus.
20. The city’s founder created a set of rules that became to law.
21. The commissioner will portion the funds among all sovereignties.
22. The following lecture on economic policy has been cancelled.
23. The library holds a substantial collection of materials on economic history.
24. The massive accumulation of data is commuted in to a convertible argument./The
massive accumulation of data is converted into a communicable argument.
25. The placement test for mathematics and statistics is offered every semester.
26. The qualification will be assessed by using a criterion-referenced approach
27. The railways make/made long-distance travel possible for everyone.
28. The same issue(s) featured both explanations of (the) problems.
29. There are so many people struggling in the labs./The meeting will have some
struggle overlaps.(不清晰,考场中语速很快,请注意)
30. Those seeking formal extension should contact their facilities for more information.
31. Tribes work with each other to build monolithic statues.
32. University departments should carefully monitor articles and publications (by faculty).
33. You are required to complete the research paper by next Monday.
34. You will need to purchase an academic gown before the commencement.

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2019 年一月下半月高频

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10. Grand Canyon

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12. Immense Disparity

14. Japanese tea ceremony

15. Legal Writing

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标题为：The United Arab Emirates’ Flag and Jordan’s Flag

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• In the past five years, the temperature of Mars has increased.

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4. Loggerhead Sea Turtles

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6. The first Robots

音频地址：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGPPjGqT6PA 时间：1:30 – 2:56

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Summarise Written Text:

1. Cow and grass

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4. Armed police coming to school

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9. Nobel Peace Prize

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10. Overqualified workers

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Fill in The Blanks:

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3. Australia and New Zealand

In terms of population characteristics, Australia and New Zealand have much in

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Arbitraion is a method of conflict resolution which with more or less formalized

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3. A Retired Engineer in San Diego

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6. Carbon Pricing in Canada

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Summarise Spoken Text:

l Because people can feel a sense of enjoyment through their creation

l This lecture mainly discussed the free human rights in UK.

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4. Global warming/climate change

l The increase of population, limited resources and poverty will accelerate

l People cannot take the risks of ignoring scientists’ prediction.

5. Amory Lovins (Mr Green)

l A female writer wrote a book about him named Mr. Green.

6. Ugly Buildings in London

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l After all, beauty is in the eyes of the beholder.

7. Big Bang Theory – Cosmology

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